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        <titl>DDI description: Power Structures of Finnish Society 1991</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">DDI-kuvailu: Valtarakennetutkimus 1991</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">1090</IDNo>
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        <producer abbr="FSD">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</producer>
        <copyright>Finnish Social Science Data Archive</copyright>
        <prodPlac>Finnish Social Science Data Archive</prodPlac>
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        <version date="2004-04-27" type="mef_eng">1.1.0</version>
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      <biblCit>Power Structures of Finnish Society 1991 [metadata]. Metadata version 1.1.0 (2004-04-27). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd1090; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1090</biblCit>
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    <notes xml:lang="fi">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), joiden tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons 1.0 Yleismaailmallinen (CC0 1.0) -lisenssillä.
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    <notes xml:lang="en">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) are licensed under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) license.
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    <notes xml:lang="sv">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) är licensierade under en Creative Commons 1.0 Universiell (CC0 1.0) licens.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.sv" />
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    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>Power Structures of Finnish Society 1991</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">Valtarakennetutkimus 1991</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">1090</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="URN">urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1090</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">10.60686/t-fsd1090</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <rspStmt>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Tampere. Department of Political Science">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Tampere. Department of Political Science">Kuusipalo, Jaana</AuthEnty>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <copyright>In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor.</copyright>
      </prodStmt>
      <distStmt>
        <distrbtr abbr="FSD" URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</distrbtr>
        <distDate date="2002-03-22" />
      </distStmt>
      <serStmt ID="S76" URI="https://services.fsd.tuni.fi/catalogue/series/76?lang=en">
        <serName>Power Structures Surveys</serName>
        <serInfo>
          <p>The Power Structures Surveys examine the power elite in Finland. The respondents represent the following sectors of society: politics, administration, business life, organisations, mass media, science, and culture. The studies focus on institutional leadership positions and roles in the various sectors, not on the persons as such. The themes of the study include career, internationalisation, interaction, influence, and childhood home.</p>
        </serInfo>
      </serStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version date="2004-04-27" type="main_data">1.1</version>
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      <biblCit>Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (University of Tampere) &amp; Kuusipalo, Jaana (University of Tampere): Power Structures of Finnish Society 1991 [dataset]. Data version 1.1 (2004-04-27). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd1090; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1090</biblCit>
      <holdings location="Finnish Social Science Data Archive FSD" URI="https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1090" />
    </citation>
    <stdyInfo>
      <subject>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">elite</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">decision making</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">social influence</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">democracy</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">political power</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">democracy</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">social problems</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">women's rights</keyword>
        <topcClas vocab="OKM" vocabURI="http://www.yso.fi/onto/okm-tieteenala/conceptscheme">Social sciences</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Elites and leadership</topcClas>
      </subject>
      <abstract>
        <p>In this power structure survey, the Finnish power elite is under observation. The respondents were from the following sectors of the society: politics, administration, business life, organisations, mass media, science, and culture. The study focuses on institutional positions of leadership, roles in various sectors, and not on the persons in these positions as such. The study comprises 1,115 positions with 997 persons. The themes of the survey included, among others, career, internationalisation, interaction, power, family and leisure, childhood home, and the position of the sexes in Finland. In view of the respondents' career, they were asked their main job and eventual other jobs, their elected offices, membership in different organisations and unofficial groups, and factors affecting career development. In addition, the respondents were asked about their eventual absences from work life, and reasons for these absences. Internationalisation was studied by asking whether the respondents had studied or worked abroad and if they had personal contacts with citizens of other countries.</p>
        <p>Interaction was measured by presenting the respondents with a list of possible contact partners and asking them about the frequency and nature of the contact. The listed contact partners included the president, political party organisations, ministries, municipality, army, church, the media, voluntary organisations, institutes of higher learning, and enterprises. In addition, the respondents were asked how often they appear in the mass media, to what extent they keep in touch with their acquaintances from school and younger years, and what forms of contact the respondents find most important in view of their own organisation. In relation to power, the respondents were asked to assess the influence of various bodies (the Parliament, representatives of cultural life, the press, and labour market organisations), and the intensity of antagonism between various groups in Finland. The respondents were presented with a number of statements relating to power and decision-making in society and asked whether they agreed with them. They were also asked to name the biggest social problems in Finland at the time of the survey.</p>
        <p>Family and leisure-related questions pertained to work-life balance, who is responsible for household duties, and who takes care of the children. The respondents were asked whether their gender had affected their career and whether they had in their own position tried to promote the equality between men and women, and if they had, in what way. Furthermore, the respondents were asked to what extent they agreed with a number of statements relating to the position of women in Finland.</p>
        <p>Background variables included the respondent's gender, year of birth (categorised), number of children (categorised), province of residence, own and spouse's basic and vocational education, which political party R would vote for if the parliamentary elections were held at that time, self-reported social class, annual gross income.</p>
      </abstract>
      <sumDscr>
        <timePrd event="single" date="1991" />
        <collDate event="start" date="1991-11-11" />
        <collDate event="end" date="1991-12" />
        <nation abbr="FI">Finland</nation>
        <geogCover>Finland</geogCover>
        <anlyUnit>Individual
          <concept vocab="DDI Analysis Unit" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:AnalysisUnit:2.1.3">Individual</concept>
        </anlyUnit>
        <universe clusion="I">Persons in leading positions in various sectors of Finnish society</universe>
        <dataKind>Quantitative</dataKind>
      </sumDscr>
    </stdyInfo>
    <method>
      <dataColl>
        <timeMeth>Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section
          <concept vocab="DDI Time Method" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TimeMethod:1.2.3">Longitudinal.TrendRepeatedCrossSection</concept>
        </timeMeth>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Tampere. Department of Political science">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka</dataCollector>
        <sampProc>Total universe/Complete enumeration
          <concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:SamplingProcedure:2.0.2">TotalUniverseCompleteEnumeration</concept>
        </sampProc>
        <collMode>Self-administered writings and/or diaries: Paper
          <concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:ModeOfCollection:5.0.1">SelfAdministeredWritingsAndDiaries.Paper</concept>
        </collMode>
        <resInstru>Semi-structured questionnaire
          <concept vocab="DDI Type of Instrument" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TypeOfInstrument:1.1.2">Questionnaire.Semistructured</concept>
        </resInstru>
        <weight>There are no weight variables in the data.</weight>
      </dataColl>
      <stdyClas type="A">Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. The data are checked and processed in detail. If necessary, the data are anonymised.</stdyClas>
    </method>
    <dataAccs>
      <setAvail>
        <accsPlac URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</accsPlac>
      </setAvail>
      <useStmt>
        <restrctn>The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.</restrctn>
        <citReq>The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.</citReq>
        <deposReq>Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.</deposReq>
        <disclaimer>The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.</disclaimer>
      </useStmt>
      <notes>Following variables were removed from the data during archiving to protect anonymity: q2 (marital status), q4_1 - q4_3 (children's birth years), q28a &amp; q28b (hobbies), q45_1 &amp; q45_2 (parents' positions of trust in the Parliament and the Government). The distribution in q45_2 (parents' positions of trust in the Parliament) was: father N=10. To protect anonymity, the distribution in q45_1 (parents' positions of trust in the Government) is not disclosed. In addition, q2 (birth year) was categorised and top- and bottom-coded. Some response alternatives in the "province of residence" variables q32_1 &amp; q32_2 were also categorised together, and values in the "number of children" (q4) variable were categorised into two categories. In variable q17a_1 (how often the respondent contacted the Finnish president), response alternatives "monthly" and "a few times per year" were categorised into a single category.</notes>
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      <relStdy>FSD1239 Power Structures of Finnish Society 2001
        <ExtLink URI="https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD1239?lang=en&amp;study_language=en" />
      </relStdy>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka &amp; Borg, Sami (2004). Sukupolvien valta-asemien muutos eliiteissä ja eduskunnassa. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka 69(2), 147-158.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Sukupolvien valta-asemien muutos eliiteissä ja eduskunnassa</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2004" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (1992). Vallan ytimessä: tutkimus suomalaisesta valtaeliitistä. Helsinki: Gaudeamus.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Vallan ytimessä: tutkimus suomalaisesta valtaeliitistä</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="1992" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (1993). The Anatomy of the Finnish Power Elite. Scandinavian Political Studies, Vol. 16, No 4, 305-337.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>The Anatomy of the Finnish Power Elite</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="1993" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2003). Euroopan integraatio ja suomalaisen eliittirakenteen muutokset. Tiedepolitiikka 28(1), 29-44.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Euroopan integraatio ja suomalaisen eliittirakenteen muutokset</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2003" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2003). Valta muutoksessa. Helsinki: WSOY.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Valta muutoksessa</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2003" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2006). Social Upheaval and Transformation of Elite Structures. The Case of Finland. Political Studies Vol 54, Nr 1, 2006, 23-42.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Social Upheaval and Transformation of Elite Structures. The Case of Finland</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2006" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2007). Nordic Elites in Comparative Perspective. Comparative Sociology 6 (2007), 158-189.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Nordic Elites in Comparative Perspective</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2007" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2013). Eliitti ja kansa. Kaksi eri maailmaa? Päättäjien ja kansalaisten asenne-erot vuosina 1991-2011. Yhteiskuntapolitiikka 78(3), 245-258. URN:NBN:fi-fe201306144023
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Eliitti ja kansa. Kaksi eri maailmaa? Päättäjien ja kansalaisten asenne-erot vuosina 1991-2011.</titl>
            <IDNo agency="URN">URN:NBN:fi-fe201306144023</IDNo>
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          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2013" />
          </distStmt>
          <holdings URI="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe201306144023" />
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2013). Opening the Inner Circle of Power: Circulation in the Finnish Elites in the Context of Major Societal Changes 1991-2011. Comparative Sociology 12(2013), 255-288.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Opening the Inner Circle of Power: Circulation in the Finnish Elites in the Context of Major Societal Changes 1991-2011</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2013" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2013). Suomi murroksessa 1991-2011: Muuttuiko eliittirakenne? Politiikka 54:4, 269-284, 2012.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Suomi murroksessa 1991-2011: Muuttuiko eliittirakenne?</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2013" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2013). The Changing Influence of the Finnish Parliament since the Early 1990s. In: Raunio, Tapio &amp; Nurmi, Hannu (toim.), The Serious Game of Politics. Festschrift for Matti Wiberg. Helsinki: Finnish Political Science Association 2014, 177-192
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>The Changing Influence of the Finnish Parliament since the Early 1990s</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2013" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2014). Eduskunnan valta ja asema eliittien ja kansalaisten silmin. Teoksessa Raunio, Tapio &amp; Wiberg, Matti (toim.), Eduskunta. Kansanvaltaa puolueiden ja hallituksen ehdoilla. Helsinki: Gaudeamus 2014, 91-108.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Eduskunnan valta ja asema eliittien ja kansalaisten silmin</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2014" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2014). Suomen poliittinen järjestelmä. Valtasuhteiden muutokset 1990-luvun alun jälkeen. Teoksessa Forsberg, Tuomas &amp; Raunio, Tapio (toim.), Politiikan muutos. Tampere: Vastapaino 2014, 77-122.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Suomen poliittinen järjestelmä. Valtasuhteiden muutokset 1990-luvun alun jälkeen</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2014" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2014). Vallan sisäpiirissä. Suomalaisen eliittirakenteen muutos. Tampere: Vastapaino.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Vallan sisäpiirissä. Suomalaisen eliittirakenteen muutos</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2014" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2015). Elite Recruitment and Coherence of the Inner Core of Power in Finland. Changing Patterns during the Economic Crises of 1991-2011. Lanham: Lexington Books.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Elite Recruitment and Coherence of the Inner Core of Power in Finland. Changing Patterns during the Economic Crises of 1991-2011</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2015" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2023) Huippujohtajat kriisien Suomessa. Eliitit ja vallan verkostot 1990-luvulta 2020-luvulle. Helsinki: Gaudeamus.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Huippujohtajat kriisien Suomessa. Eliitit ja vallan verkostot 1990-luvulta 2020-luvulle.</titl>
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