DDI description: Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence 1999: Spring DDI-kuvailu: Turvallisuuspolitiikka- ja maanpuolustustutkimus 1999: kevät 1169 Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Social Science Data Archive 2.0.0 Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence 1999: Spring [metadata]. Metadata version 2.0.0 (2018-09-28). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd1169; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1169 FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), joiden tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons 1.0 Yleismaailmallinen (CC0 1.0) -lisenssillä. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) are licensed under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) license. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) är licensierade under en Creative Commons 1.0 Universiell (CC0 1.0) licens. Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence 1999: Spring Turvallisuuspolitiikka- ja maanpuolustustutkimus 1999: kevät 1169 urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1169 10.60686/t-fsd1169 Advisory Board for Defence Information (ABDI) Advisory Board for Defence Information In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor. Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence

The Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence series includes all surveys conducted by the Advisory Board for Defence Information (ABDI). Their focus is on security policy, foreign policy and national defence. The FSD collections cover data from 1992 onwards. The surveys contain a set of core questions repeated over the years.

2.0 2.0 Advisory Board for Defence Information (ABDI): Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence 1999: Spring [dataset]. Data version 2.0 (2018-09-28). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd1169; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1169 conflict resolution defence defence and state security policy European Union international alliances international conflict resolution membership national security Social sciences Conflict, security and peace Political behaviour and attitudes

The survey studied Finnish citizens' views on, for instance, military alliances and foreign policy. The respondents also assessed the impact of EU membership on Finland, as well as phenomena influencing the security of Finland and Finnish citizens.

Background variables included the respondent's sex, age group, social group, education, and the place and area of residence.

Finland Finland Individual Individual Finns aged 15 or over the Åland Islands Quantitative Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Longitudinal.TrendRepeatedCrossSection Gallup Finland Probability: Multistage Probability.Multistage

The data were collected using multistage stratified sampling.

Telephone interview Interview.Telephone Structured questionnaire Questionnaire.Structured There are no weight variables in the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. The data are checked and processed in detail. If necessary, the data are anonymised. Finnish Social Science Data Archive The variables 'Municipality of residence' and 'Bonus cards' have been removed from the data. 'Food purchasing' and 'Municipality type' variables are missing. The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. Alho, Olli T. (2002). Suomalaisten turvallisuuspoliittisten mielipiteiden kehitys 1990-luvulla. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto. Yleisen valtio-opin kansainvälisen politiikan suuntautumisvaihtoehdon pro gradu tutkielma. Suomalaisten turvallisuuspoliittisten mielipiteiden kehitys 1990-luvulla daF1169e.por 1006 58 SPSS Portable [fsd_no] FSD study number FSD study number 1006 1169 1169 1169.00 .000 [fsd_vr] FSD edition number FSD edition number 1006 2.0 2.0 2.000 .0000 [fsd_id] FSD case id FSD case id 1006 1 1006 503.50 290.551 [q1] Considering the present state of the world, do you think that over the next five years Finns will live in a more secure or insecure world? Considering the present state of the world, do you think that over the next five years Finns will live in a more secure or insecure world? 1006 1 4 2.23 .781 1 In a more secure world 191 2 In a less secure world 418 3 There will be no change 371 4 Can't say 26 [q2_1] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: European integration How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: European integration 1006 1 6 2.71 1.234 1 Increases security a lot 112 2 Increases security a little 425 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 254 4 Decreases security a little 135 5 Decreases security a lot 22 6 Can't say 58 [q2_2] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Recent developments in Russia How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Recent developments in Russia 1006 1 6 3.89 1.247 1 Increases security a lot 24 2 Increases security a little 123 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 198 4 Decreases security a little 382 5 Decreases security a lot 149 6 Can't say 130 [q2_3] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Increase in Finland's international economic cooperation How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Increase in Finland's international economic cooperation 1006 1 6 2.79 1.266 1 Increases security a lot 73 2 Increases security a little 438 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 312 4 Decreases security a little 82 5 Decreases security a lot 13 6 Can't say 88 [q2_4] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Recent developments in the Middle East How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Recent developments in the Middle East 1006 1 6 3.54 1.138 1 Increases security a lot 13 2 Increases security a little 117 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 455 4 Decreases security a little 269 5 Decreases security a lot 43 6 Can't say 109 [q2_5] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Nuclear weapons of Russia How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Nuclear weapons of Russia 1006 1 6 4.20 .902 1 Increases security a lot 5 2 Increases security a little 28 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 168 4 Decreases security a little 411 5 Decreases security a lot 348 6 Can't say 46 [q2_6] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Nuclear weapons of other countries How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Nuclear weapons of other countries 1006 1 6 3.84 .943 1 Increases security a lot 7 2 Increases security a little 39 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 334 4 Decreases security a little 403 5 Decreases security a lot 175 6 Can't say 48 [q2_7] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: State of the environment at present and current use of natural resources How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: State of the environment at present and current use of natural resources 1006 1 6 3.73 1.087 1 Increases security a lot 11 2 Increases security a little 82 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 360 4 Decreases security a little 354 5 Decreases security a lot 108 6 Can't say 91 [q2_8] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Use of nuclear energy in Finland How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Use of nuclear energy in Finland 1006 1 6 3.48 1.043 1 Increases security a lot 27 2 Increases security a little 97 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 430 4 Decreases security a little 331 5 Decreases security a lot 60 6 Can't say 61 [q2_9] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Use of nuclear energy in Russia How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Use of nuclear energy in Russia 1006 1 6 4.31 .819 1 Increases security a lot 7 2 Increases security a little 18 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 85 4 Decreases security a little 488 5 Decreases security a lot 360 6 Can't say 48 [q2_10] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: The presence of Russian armed forces in the areas near the Finnish border How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: The presence of Russian armed forces in the areas near the Finnish border 1006 1 6 3.79 .952 1 Increases security a lot 4 2 Increases security a little 29 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 402 4 Decreases security a little 387 5 Decreases security a lot 111 6 Can't say 73 [q2_11] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Relations between Russia and the Baltic countries How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Relations between Russia and the Baltic countries 1006 1 6 3.61 1.126 1 Increases security a lot 12 2 Increases security a little 102 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 422 4 Decreases security a little 306 5 Decreases security a lot 56 6 Can't say 108 [q2_12] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Finland's membership in the EU How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Finland's membership in the EU 1006 1 6 2.66 1.250 1 Increases security a lot 128 2 Increases security a little 418 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 283 4 Decreases security a little 94 5 Decreases security a lot 16 6 Can't say 67 [q2_13] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Employment situation in Finland How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Employment situation in Finland 1006 1 6 3.43 1.169 1 Increases security a lot 31 2 Increases security a little 159 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 391 4 Decreases security a little 281 5 Decreases security a lot 60 6 Can't say 84 [q2_14] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Increase in the number of foreigners in Finland How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Increase in the number of foreigners in Finland 1006 1 6 3.56 .836 1 Increases security a lot 6 2 Increases security a little 52 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 453 4 Decreases security a little 396 5 Decreases security a lot 70 6 Can't say 29 [q2_15] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Crisis in the Balkans, e.g. the situation in Kosovo How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Crisis in the Balkans, e.g. the situation in Kosovo 1006 1 6 3.67 .879 1 Increases security a lot 5 2 Increases security a little 25 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 455 4 Decreases security a little 375 5 Decreases security a lot 100 6 Can't say 46 [q2_16] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Current economic situation in Finland How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Current economic situation in Finland 1006 1 6 3.25 1.087 1 Increases security a lot 25 2 Increases security a little 195 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 450 4 Decreases security a little 237 5 Decreases security a lot 34 6 Can't say 65 [q2_17] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Current state of public order and security in Finland How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Current state of public order and security in Finland 1006 1 6 3.39 1.158 1 Increases security a lot 38 2 Increases security a little 182 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 327 4 Decreases security a little 344 5 Decreases security a lot 43 6 Can't say 72 [q2_18] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: The expansion of NATO into Eastern Central Europe How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: The expansion of NATO into Eastern Central Europe 1006 1 6 3.43 1.356 1 Increases security a lot 36 2 Increases security a little 234 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 316 4 Decreases security a little 241 5 Decreases security a lot 39 6 Can't say 140 [q2_19] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: The potential expansion of NATO into the Baltics How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: The potential expansion of NATO into the Baltics 1006 1 6 3.52 1.377 1 Increases security a lot 33 2 Increases security a little 234 3 Neither increases nor decreases security 268 4 Decreases security a little 265 5 Decreases security a lot 62 6 Can't say 144 [q3] What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of Finland as a whole? What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of Finland as a whole? 1006 1 6 2.55 1.066 1 Very positive impact 89 2 Somewhat positive impact 538 3 Neither positive nor negative impact 188 4 Somewhat negative impact 144 5 Very negative impact 23 6 Can't say 24 [q4_1] What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Environment What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Environment 1006 1 6 2.71 1.096 1 Very positive impact 55 2 Somewhat positive impact 488 3 Neither positive nor negative impact 253 4 Somewhat negative impact 157 5 Very negative impact 10 6 Can't say 43 [q4_2] What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Economic life What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Economic life 1006 1 6 2.53 1.153 1 Very positive impact 95 2 Somewhat positive impact 574 3 Neither positive nor negative impact 153 4 Somewhat negative impact 124 5 Very negative impact 12 6 Can't say 48 [q4_3] What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Employment What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Employment 1006 1 6 2.78 1.104 1 Very positive impact 45 2 Somewhat positive impact 448 3 Neither positive nor negative impact 306 4 Somewhat negative impact 143 5 Very negative impact 15 6 Can't say 49 [q4_4] What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Agriculture What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Agriculture 1006 1 6 3.81 1.138 1 Very positive impact 19 2 Somewhat positive impact 157 3 Neither positive nor negative impact 136 4 Somewhat negative impact 428 5 Very negative impact 220 6 Can't say 46 [q4_5] What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Social security What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Social security 1006 1 6 3.57 1.065 1 Very positive impact 13 2 Somewhat positive impact 116 3 Neither positive nor negative impact 373 4 Somewhat negative impact 379 5 Very negative impact 42 6 Can't say 83 [q4_6] What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Gender equality What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Gender equality 1006 1 6 3.07 1.001 1 Very positive impact 23 2 Somewhat positive impact 204 3 Neither positive nor negative impact 592 4 Somewhat negative impact 114 5 Very negative impact 11 6 Can't say 62 [q4_7] What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Military security What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Military security 1006 1 6 2.88 1.257 1 Very positive impact 48 2 Somewhat positive impact 423 3 Neither positive nor negative impact 335 4 Somewhat negative impact 93 5 Very negative impact 14 6 Can't say 93 [q4_8] What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: National independence What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: National independence 1006 1 6 3.61 1.013 1 Very positive impact 16 2 Somewhat positive impact 102 3 Neither positive nor negative impact 338 4 Somewhat negative impact 394 5 Very negative impact 111 6 Can't say 45 [q4_9] What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Finland's international position What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Finland's international position 1006 1 6 2.76 1.283 1 Very positive impact 84 2 Somewhat positive impact 463 3 Neither positive nor negative impact 242 4 Somewhat negative impact 124 5 Very negative impact 10 6 Can't say 83 [q4_10] What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Finland's ability to influence issues related to foreign, security and defence policy What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Finland's ability to influence issues related to foreign, security and defence policy 1006 1 6 2.75 1.305 1 Very positive impact 74 2 Somewhat positive impact 503 3 Neither positive nor negative impact 219 4 Somewhat negative impact 106 5 Very negative impact 14 6 Can't say 90 [q4_11] What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Public order and safety in general What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: Public order and safety in general 1006 1 6 3.22 1.104 1 Very positive impact 21 2 Somewhat positive impact 222 3 Neither positive nor negative impact 448 4 Somewhat negative impact 219 5 Very negative impact 23 6 Can't say 73 [q4_12] What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: National culture What kind of impact do you think Finland's EU membership will have on the development of the country in the following areas: National culture 1006 1 6 3.06 1.172 1 Very positive impact 41 2 Somewhat positive impact 303 3 Neither positive nor negative impact 383 4 Somewhat negative impact 183 5 Very negative impact 26 6 Can't say 70 [q5] In your opinion, how well Finland has managed its foreign policy over the past few years? In your opinion, how well Finland has managed its foreign policy over the past few years? 1006 1 5 2.12 .758 1 Very well 107 2 Fairly well 766 3 Not very well 81 4 Not at all well 13 5 Can't say 39 [q6] In your opinion, should Finland continue its policy of military non-alignment or enter a military alliance? In your opinion, should Finland continue its policy of military non-alignment or enter a military alliance? 1006 1 3 1.34 .624 1 Remain non-aligned 741 2 Enter a military alliance 183 3 Can't say 82 [q7] If Finland decided to enter a military alliance or seek a closer military cooperation with other countries, what would you see as the best option? If Finland decided to enter a military alliance or seek a closer military cooperation with other countries, what would you see as the best option? 1006 1 6 2.61 1.615 1 Defence alliance with Sweden 260 2 NATO membership, no NATO forces in Finland during peace 418 3 NATO membership with NATO forces in Finland also during peace 42 4 Full membership of the Western European Union (WEU) 140 5 Military cooperation with Russia 28 6 Can't say 118 [q8] Is Finland committing itself to NATO membership as a result of its cooperation with NATO at different levels, thus giving up its policy of military non-alignment? Is Finland committing itself to NATO membership as a result of its cooperation with NATO at different levels, thus giving up its policy of military non-alignment? 1006 1 3 1.66 .723 1 Yes 492 2 No 364 3 Can't say 150 [bv1] The respondent's gender The respondent's gender 1006 1 2 1.50 .500 1 Female 503 2 Male 503 [bv2] The respondent's age The respondent's age 1006 15 79 44.76 17.236 [bv3] The respondent's education The respondent's education 1006 1 5 2.35 .976 1 Primary education 225 2 Lower secondary education, upper secondary education (vocational) 343 3 Upper secondary education (general), college level education 301 4 University or other higher education 136 5 Other 1 [bv4_1] The respondent's occupational status 1 The respondent's occupational status 1 1006 1 10 4.86 3.129 1 Worker 204 2 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, administrative) 146 3 Lower managerial/professional employee 108 4 Higher managerial employee 39 5 Entrepreneur, self-employed, own-account worker 73 6 Farmer 28 7 Student 136 8 Housewife/house husband, homemaker 30 9 Retired/pensioner 231 10 Other 11 [bv4_2] The respondent's occupational status 2 The respondent's occupational status 2 1006 1 9 4.25 2.765 1 Worker 204 2 Lower managerial/professional or intermediate level employee 254 3 Higher managerial employee 39 4 Farmer 28 5 Entrepreneur, self-employed, own account worker (not including farmers) 73 6 Student 136 7 Housewife 30 8 Retired/pensioner 231 9 Other 11 [bv5] The respondent's economic activity The respondent's economic activity 1006 1 3 1.86 .965 1 Employed 548 2 Unemployed 50 3 Not in employment for other reasons 408 4 Doesn't want to say 0 [bv6] Type of neighbourhood of the respondent's residence Type of neighbourhood of the respondent's residence 1006 1 6 3.95 1.655 1 Capital (Helsinki) area 175 2 Turku 42 3 Tampere 33 4 Other town 360 5 Population centre in a rural area 202 6 Sparsely populated rural area 194 [bv8] Household composition Household composition 1006 1 6 3.02 1.144 1 Living with parents 120 2 Living alone 194 3 Living with partner/spouse 309 4 Living with partner/spouse and children 337 5 Living with children as single parent 22 6 Other 24 7 Doesn't want to say 0 [bv9] Annual gross income of the household in Finnish marks Annual gross income of the household in Finnish marks 1006 1 9 5.31 2.554 1 Under 60,000 marks 80 2 60,000 - 84,000 marks 90 3 84,001 - 120,000 marks 130 4 120,001 - 150,000 marks 101 5 150,001 - 200,000 marks 116 6 200,001 - 250,000 marks 138 7 250,001 - 300,000 marks 84 8 Over 300,000 marks 115 9 Didn't respond 152 [bv9_1] Who in the household is mainly responsible for everyday shopping? Who in the household is mainly responsible for everyday shopping? 1006 1 4 1.95 .898 1 The respondent 429 2 Someone else than the respondent 208 3 The respondent together with someone else 364 4 Can't say 5 [bv10] If the parliamentary elections were held now, the candidate of which political party or group would you vote for? If the parliamentary elections were held now, the candidate of which political party or group would you vote for? 941 1 14 6.15 4.937 1 Finnish Social Democratic Party (SDP) 139 2 Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 164 3 National Coalition Party (KOK) 175 4 Left Alliance (VAS) 37 5 Green League (VIHR) 65 6 Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP) 33 7 Christian Democrats (KD) 19 8 True Finns (PS) 1 9 Reform Group (REM) 2 10 Progressive Finnish Party (NUORS) 0 11 Other party or group 9 12 Wouldn't vote 63 13 Can't say 164 14 Don't want to say 70 SYSMISS 65 [bv11] How certain are you that you would vote for the political party/group you mentioned? How certain are you that you would vote for the political party/group you mentioned? 644 1 5 1.75 .880 1 Very certain 302 2 Fairly certain 243 3 Not very certain 71 4 Not at all certain 17 5 Can't say 11 SYSMISS 362 [bv12] The candidate of which political party or group did you vote for in the previous parliamentary elections in March? The candidate of which political party or group did you vote for in the previous parliamentary elections in March? 940 1 15 5.87 4.947 1 Finnish Social Democratic Party (SDP) 158 2 Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 178 3 National Coalition Party (KOK) 166 4 Left Alliance (VAS) 37 5 Green League (VIHR) 55 6 Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP) 37 7 Christian Democrats (KD) 24 8 True Finns (PS) 3 9 Reform Group (REM) 3 10 Progressive Finnish Party (NUORS) 7 11 Other party or group 9 12 Didn't vote 140 13 Didn't have the right to vote, no franchise 8 14 Can't say 38 15 Don't want to say 77 SYSMISS 66 [bv13] Province of residence Province of residence 1002 1 11 4.55 3.344 1 Uusimaa 241 2 Turku and Pori 152 3 Häme 129 4 Kymi 70 5 Mikkeli 48 6 Kuopio 44 7 Central Finland (Keski-Suomi) 50 8 Vaasa 94 9 North Karelia (Pohjois-Karjala) 39 10 Oulu 90 11 Lapland (Lappi) 45 12 Åland Islands (Ahvenanmaa) 0 SYSMISS 4 [bv14] Region (NUTS3) of residence Region (NUTS3) of residence 985 1 19 7.99 6.041 1 Uusimaa 228 2 Finland proper (Varsinais-Suomi) 101 4 Satakunta 39 5 Tavastia (Häme) 21 6 Pirkanmaa 84 7 Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme) 38 8 Kymenlaakso 37 9 South Karelia (Etelä-Karjala) 33 10 Southern Savonia (Etelä-Savo) 42 11 Northern Savonia (Pohjois-Savo) 44 12 North Karelia (Pohjois-Karjala) 39 13 Central Finland (Keski-Suomi) 50 14 Southern Ostrobothnia (Etelä-Pohjanmaa) 41 15 Coastal region of Vaasa (Vaasan rannikkoseutu) 30 16 Central Ostrobothnia (Keski-Pohjanmaa) 23 17 Northern Ostrobothnia (Pohjois-Pohjanmaa) 75 18 Kainuu 15 19 Lapland (Lappi) 45 SYSMISS 21 [bv15] Major region (NUTS2) Major region (NUTS2) 985 1 5 2.57 1.317 1 Uusimaa 228 2 Etelä-Suomi (Southern Finland) 353 3 Itä-Suomi (Eastern Finland) 140 4 Väli-Suomi (Mid-Finland) 144 5 Pohjois-Suomi (Northern Finland) 120 SYSMISS 21 [bv16] Mid-Finland regional classification Mid-Finland regional classification 985 1 4 2.32 .977 1 Uusimaa 228 2 Rest of Southern Finland 353 3 Väli-Suomi (Mid-Finland) 269 4 Pohjois-Suomi (Northern Finland) 135 SYSMISS 21 [bv17] Degree of urbanisation of the respondent's municipality of residence Degree of urbanisation of the respondent's municipality of residence 985 1 4 2.57 1.077 1 Capital (Helsinki) area 167 2 Urban municipality 376 3 Densely populated municipality 159 4 Rural municipality 283 SYSMISS 21