DDI description: Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence 2000: Autumn DDI-kuvailu: Turvallisuuspolitiikka- ja maanpuolustustutkimus 2000: syksy 1173 Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Social Science Data Archive 1.1.0 Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence 2000: Autumn [metadata]. Metadata version 1.1.0 (2006-08-16). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd1173; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1173 FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), joiden tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons 1.0 Yleismaailmallinen (CC0 1.0) -lisenssillä. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) are licensed under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) license. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) är licensierade under en Creative Commons 1.0 Universiell (CC0 1.0) licens. Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence 2000: Autumn Turvallisuuspolitiikka- ja maanpuolustustutkimus 2000: syksy 1173 urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1173 10.60686/t-fsd1173 Advisory Board for Defence Information (ABDI) Advisory Board for Defence Information In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor. Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence

The Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence series includes all surveys conducted by the Advisory Board for Defence Information (ABDI). Their focus is on security policy, foreign policy and national defence. The FSD collections cover data from 1992 onwards. The surveys contain a set of core questions repeated over the years.

 1.1 1.1 Advisory Board for Defence Information (ABDI): Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence 2000: Autumn [dataset]. Data version 1.1 (2006-08-16). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd1173; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1173 defence and state security policy conflict resolution international conflict resolution foreign policy international alliances peace-keeping forces Social sciences Conflict, security and peace Political behaviour and attitudes

In the survey, Finnish citizens' views on, for example, participation in peace-keeping and peace enforcing operations, and how well the country has succeeded in its foreign policy. Views on Finland's participation in crisis management operations of the EU, military alliances, and Finnish Defence Forces funding were studied. Background variables included, among others, the respondent's gender, age, economic activity, education level, household gross income, number of household members, household composition, region and province of residence, which political party the respondent would vote for if the parliamentary elections were held at that time, and which party had voted for in the 1999 parliamentary elections.

 Finland Finland Individual Individual Finns aged 15 or over the Åland Islands Quantitative Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Longitudinal.TrendRepeatedCrossSection Gallup Finland Probability: Multistage Probability.Multistage

At the first stage, the number of respondents required by the sample was divided regionally by provinces. Then, within each province, the number of respondents was divided according to community type: the communities were grouped in different types so that cities were divided to big and small according to population size, and rural communities in three classes according to industrial structure. The choice of municipalities is representative. At the third stage, a group of starting points were designated for each of the selected municipalities in relation to their population. Starting point method was used, and each randomly selected point resulted in six interviews. From each household the person who matched the gender and age requirements stated in the selection card was interviewed. The interviewer used two cards: the first one was used to select firstly one 15-39-year-old female and two 15-39-year-old males, and then one male of at least 40 years of age, and two females of 40 or older. With the second card, one 15-39-year-old male and two 15-39-year-old females, one female who is 40 or older, and two males of at least 40 years of age were selected.

 Face-to-face interview Interview.FaceToFace Structured questionnaire Questionnaire.Structured There are no weight variables in the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. The data are checked and processed in detail. If necessary, the data are anonymised. Finnish Social Science Data Archive Municipality and postal code variables have been removed from the data. The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. Alho, Olli T. (2002). Suomalaisten turvallisuuspoliittisten mielipiteiden kehitys 1990-luvulla. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto. Yleisen valtio-opin kansainvälisen politiikan suuntautumisvaihtoehdon pro gradu ­tutkielma. Suomalaisten turvallisuuspoliittisten mielipiteiden kehitys 1990-luvulla daF1173e.por 1015 38 SPSS Portable [fsd_no] FSD study number FSD study number 1015 1173 1173 1173.00 .000 [fsd_vr] FSD edition number FSD edition number 1015 1.1 1.1 1.100 .0000 [fsd_id] FSD case id FSD case id 1015 1 1015 508.00 293.150 [q1] In your opinion, how well has Finland managed its foreign policy over the last few years? In your opinion, how well has Finland managed its foreign policy over the last few years? 1015 1 5 2.25 .911 1 Very well 102 2 Fairly well 718 3 Not very well 103 4 Not at all well 26 5 Can't say 66 [q2] In your opinion, should Finland continue its policy of military non-alignment or enter a military alliance? In your opinion, should Finland continue its policy of military non-alignment or enter a military alliance? 1015 1 3 1.43 .649 1 Remain non-aligned 668 2 Enter a military alliance 258 3 Can't say 89 [q3] If Finland decided to enter a military alliance or seek a closer military cooperation with other countries, what would you see as the best option? If Finland decided to enter a military alliance or seek a closer military cooperation with other countries, what would you see as the best option? 1015 1 5 2.76 1.353 1 Defence alliance with Sweden 168 2 NATO membership, no foreign forces in Finland during peace 424 3 NATO membership with NATO forces in Finland also during peace 62 4 Development of the EU into a military alliance as well 208 5 Can't say 153 [q4] Is Finland committing itself to NATO membership as a result of its cooperation with NATO at difference levels, thus giving up its policy of military non-alignment? Is Finland committing itself to NATO membership as a result of its cooperation with NATO at difference levels, thus giving up its policy of military non-alignment? 1015 1 3 1.55 .727 1 Yes 600 2 No 273 3 Can't say 142 [q5] If Finland were attacked, do you think Finns should in all circumstances take up arms in defence of their country, even if the outcome seemed uncertain? If Finland were attacked, do you think Finns should in all circumstances take up arms in defence of their country, even if the outcome seemed uncertain? 1015 1 3 1.24 .516 1 Yes, they should 817 2 No, they should not 155 3 Can't say 43 [q6] What is your opinion on the defence forces funding? What is your opinion on the defence forces funding? 1015 1 6 2.59 1.009 1 Funding should be increased a lot 126 2 Funding should be increased a little 336 3 Funding should be kept at present level 448 4 Funding should be decreased a little 58 5 Funding should be decreased a lot 24 6 Can't say 23 [q7] In your opinion, if Finland got involved in a war fought with conventional weapons, how well would it be able to defend itself? In your opinion, if Finland got involved in a war fought with conventional weapons, how well would it be able to defend itself? 1015 1 5 2.38 .871 1 Very well 119 2 Fairly well 509 3 Not very well 295 4 Not at all well 65 5 Can't say 27 [q8_1] Finland has for decades participated in UN-led peacekeeping operations and in the past few years also in NATO-led operations. What is your opinion on Finland taking part in peacekeeping operations? Finland has for decades participated in UN-led peacekeeping operations and in the past few years also in NATO-led operations. What is your opinion on Finland taking part in peacekeeping operations? 1015 1 4 1.59 .771 1 Should participate only in UN-led peacekeeping operations 555 2 Should participate also in EU-led and NATO-led operations 355 3 Should not participate in any peacekeeping operations abroad 68 4 Can't say 37 [q8_2] Should Finland also participate in militarily challenging peace enforcement operations, such as the recent NATO air strikes in Kosovo? Should Finland also participate in militarily challenging peace enforcement operations, such as the recent NATO air strikes in Kosovo? 1015 1 4 1.93 .738 1 I think Finland could participate 254 2 Finland should not participate 630 3 Should not participate in any peacekeeping operations abroad 74 4 Can't say 57 [q8_3] Where in the world do you think Finland should take part in peacekeeping operations? Where in the world do you think Finland should take part in peacekeeping operations? 1015 1 4 1.63 .813 1 Only in Europe and regions not too far away (e.g. Middle East) 551 2 Also outside Europe, e.g. in Africa, to solve arisen crises 338 3 Should not participate in any peacekeeping operations abroad 81 4 Can't say 45 [q9] The EU is expanding its capacity to take on crisis management tasks. This would enable setting up a force comprising of 60,000 personnel for crisis management operations. How do you view the fact that the EU is undertaking military tasks? The EU is expanding its capacity to take on crisis management tasks. This would enable setting up a force comprising of 60,000 personnel for crisis management operations. How do you view the fact that the EU is undertaking military tasks? 1015 1 5 2.60 1.010 1 Very positively 106 2 Somewhat positively 418 3 Somewhat negatively 327 4 Very negatively 101 5 Can't say 63 [q10] Do you think it is good that Finland has pledged 1,500 soldiers for the European Rapid Reaction Force, to be available if needed? Do you think it is good that Finland has pledged 1,500 soldiers for the European Rapid Reaction Force, to be available if needed? 1015 1 3 1.47 .605 1 I think it is good 595 2 I don't think it is good 361 3 Can't say 59 [bv1] The respondent's gender The respondent's gender 1015 1 2 1.51 .500 1 Male 496 2 Female 519 [bv2] The respondent's age The respondent's age 1015 15 94 42.19 17.210 [bv3] Is the respondent the person with the highest income in the household? Is the respondent the person with the highest income in the household? 1015 1 2 1.36 .480 1 Yes 650 2 No 365 [bv4] The respondent's economic activity and occupational group The respondent's economic activity and occupational group 1015 1 8 5.10 1.527 1 Farmer, agricultural entrepreneur 26 2 Other employer, self-employed, own account worker 45 3 Higher managerial or professional employee 80 4 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, administrative) 123 5 Worker 340 6 Pensioner/Retired 211 7 Student 162 8 Other 28 [bv5] (IF RETIRED) The respondent's former economic activity and occupational group (IF RETIRED) The respondent's former economic activity and occupational group 211 1 8 4.14 1.467 1 Farmer, agricultural entrepreneur 21 2 Other employer, self-employed, own account worker 11 3 Higher managerial or professional employee 24 4 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, administrative) 31 5 Worker 119 6 Pensioner/Retired 0 7 Student 0 8 Other 5 SYSMISS 804 [bv6] Type of municipality of residence Type of municipality of residence 1015 1 5 2.88 1.114 1 Capital area (incl. Helsinki) 182 2 Tampere, Turku 85 3 Other town 479 4 Population centre in a rural area 206 5 Sparsely populated rural area 63 [bv7] The respondent's education The respondent's education 1015 1 7 3.28 1.702 1 Primary education 194 2 Lower secondary education 138 3 Upper secondary education (vocational) 303 4 Upper secondary education (general) 107 5 College level vocational education (post-secondary) 165 6 Polytechnic or lower academic degree (Bachelor's or equivalent) 56 7 Higher academic degree (Master's or equivalent or higher) 52 8 Can't say 0 [bv8] The annual gross income of the household (total income of all household members before tax) in Finnish marks The annual gross income of the household (total income of all household members before tax) in Finnish marks 1015 1 11 4.89 3.130 1 Under 60,000 FIM/year or under 5,000 FIM/month 145 2 60,001 - 90,000 FIM/year or 5,001 - 7,500 FIM/month 152 3 90,001 - 120,000 FIM/year or 7,501 - 10,000 FIM/month 116 4 120,001 - 150,000 FIM/year or 10,001 - 12,500 FIM/month 131 5 150,001 - 180,000 FIM/year or 12,501 - 15,000 FIM/month 93 6 180,001 - 210,000 FIM/year or 15,001 - 17,500 FIM/month 79 7 210,001 - 240,000 FIM/year or 17,501 - 20,000 FIM/month 63 8 240,001 - 270,000 FIM/year or 20,001 - 22,500 FIM/month 64 9 270,001 - 300,000 FIM/year or 22,501 - 25,000 FIM/month 47 10 Over 300,000 FIM/year or over 25,000 FIM/month 45 11 Didn't answer 80 [bv9_1] Number of people aged over 16 in the household Number of people aged over 16 in the household 1015 1 24 1.93 1.433 [bv9_2] Number of people aged 7-16 in the household Number of people aged 7-16 in the household 1015 0 7 .38 .768 [bv9_3] Number of people aged under 7 in the household Number of people aged under 7 in the household 1015 0 9 .25 .665 [bv9_4] Total number of household members Total number of household members 1015 1 26 2.56 1.897 [bv10] Household composition Household composition 1015 1 8 4.23 1.848 1 Single (never married), living with parents 99 2 Single, living alone, aged under 35 100 3 Single, living alone, aged 35 or over 182 4 Married or cohabiting, no children 112 5 Married or cohabiting, living with children 302 6 Single parent, adult, living with the children 63 7 Married or cohabiting couple, children not living at home 146 8 Can't say 11 [bv11] (IF BV3=2) Economic activity and occupational status of the person with the highest income in the household (IF BV3=2) Economic activity and occupational status of the person with the highest income in the household 365 1 8 4.37 1.489 1 Farmer, agricultural entrepreneur 18 2 Other employer, self-employed, own account worker 31 3 Higher managerial or professional employee 43 4 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, administrative) 62 5 Worker 155 6 Pensioner/Retired 39 7 Student 8 8 Other 9 SYSMISS 650 [bv12] (IF BV3=2 and IF RETIRED) Former economic activity and occupational status of the head of the household (IF BV3=2 and IF RETIRED) Former economic activity and occupational status of the head of the household 39 1 8 3.90 1.501 1 Farmer, agricultural entrepreneur 4 2 Other employer, self-employed, own account worker 3 3 Higher managerial or professional employee 6 4 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, administrative) 9 5 Worker 16 6 Pensioner/Retired 0 7 Student 0 8 Other 1 SYSMISS 976 [bv13] The respondent's employment status The respondent's employment status 1015 1 5 2.96 1.843 1 Full-time employed 411 2 Part-time employed 83 3 Unemployed 87 4 Laid off 6 5 Not in employment 428 [bv14] Who in the household is mainly responsible for everyday shopping? Who in the household is mainly responsible for everyday shopping? 1015 1 3 1.82 .891 1 The respondent 508 2 Someone else than the respondent 178 3 The respondent together with other persons (one or more) 329 [bv15] The respondent's province of residence (according to the pre-1997 classification) The respondent's province of residence (according to the pre-1997 classification) 1015 1 11 4.62 3.352 1 Uusimaa 237 2 Turku and Pori 129 3 Häme 153 4 Kymi 88 5 Mikkeli 42 6 Kuopio 46 7 Central Finland (Keski-Suomi) 53 8 Ostrobothnia (Vaasa) 74 9 North Karelia (Pohjois-Karjala) 41 10 Oulu 106 11 Lapland (Lappi) 46 12 Åland Islands (Ahvenanmaa) 0 [bv16] Major region (NUTS 2) (old classification) Major region (NUTS 2) (old classification) 1015 1 5 2.59 1.362 1 Uusimaa 237 2 Southern Finland (Etelä-Suomi) 374 3 Eastern Finland (Itä-Suomi) 126 4 Mid-Finland (Väli-Suomi) 127 5 Northern Finland (Pohjois-Suomi) 151 [bv17] Region (NUTS3) of residence Region (NUTS3) of residence 1015 1 19 8.00 5.916 1 Uusimaa 237 2 Finland proper (Varsinais-Suomi) 79 4 Satakunta 42 5 Tavastia (Häme) 22 6 Pirkanmaa 101 7 Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme) 42 8 Kymenlaakso 52 9 South Karelia 36 10 Southern Savonia (Etelä-Savo) 38 11 Northern Savonia (Pohjois-Savo) 46 12 North Karelia (Pohjois-Karjala 41 13 Central Finland (Keski-Suomi) 53 14 Southern Ostrobothnia (Etelä-Pohjanmaa) 60 15 Coastal region of Vaasa (Vaasan rannikkoseutu) 6 16 Central Ostrobothnia (Keski-Pohjanmaa) 8 17 Northern Ostrobothnia (Pohjois-Pohjanmaa) 105 18 Kainuu 1 19 Lapland (Lappi) 46 21 Åland Islands (Ahvenanmaa) 0 [bv18] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party or group would you vote for? If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party or group would you vote for? 1015 1 14 5.43 4.727 1 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 217 2 Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 230 3 National Coalition Party (KOK) 115 4 Left Alliance (VAS) 39 5 Green League (VIHR) 79 6 Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP) 9 7 Christian League of Finland (SKL) 26 8 True Finns (PS) 5 9 Reform Group (REM) 2 10 Some other party or group 15 11 I wouldn't vote 71 12 I would cast a blank vote 12 13 Can't say 159 14 Don't want to say 36 [bv19] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party or group would be your second choice? If the parliamentary elections were held now, which political party or group would be your second choice? 1015 1 14 8.04 4.638 1 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 65 2 Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 97 3 National Coalition Party (KOK) 109 4 Left Alliance (VAS) 47 5 Green League (VIHR) 132 6 Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP) 10 7 Christian League of Finland (SKL) 26 8 True Finns (PS) 6 9 Reform Group (REM) 9 10 Some other party or group 19 11 I wouldn't vote 147 12 I would cast a blank vote 16 13 Can't say 292 14 Don't want to say 40 [bv20] Which party or group did you vote for in the parliamentary elections held in March 1999? Which party or group did you vote for in the parliamentary elections held in March 1999? 1015 1 16 6.24 5.335 1 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 199 2 Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 204 3 National Coalition Party (KOK) 126 4 Left Alliance (VAS) 37 5 Green League (VIHR) 62 6 Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP) 10 7 Christian League of Finland (SKL) 20 8 True Finns (PS) 4 9 Reform Group (REM) 0 10 Progressive Finnish Party (NUSU) 0 11 Some other political party or group 17 12 I didn't vote 188 13 I cast a blank vote 7 14 I didn't have the right to vote (no franchise) 41 15 Can't say 45 16 Don't want to say 55