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  <docDscr>
    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>DDI description: Changing Municipalities 1990</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">DDI-kuvailu: Muuttuvat kunnat 1990</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">1190</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <producer abbr="FSD">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</producer>
        <copyright>Finnish Social Science Data Archive</copyright>
        <prodPlac>Finnish Social Science Data Archive</prodPlac>
      </prodStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version date="2004-10-15" type="mef_eng">1.0.0</version>
      </verStmt>
      <biblCit>Changing Municipalities 1990 [metadata]. Metadata version 1.0.0 (2004-10-15). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd1190; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1190</biblCit>
      <holdings location="Finnish Social Science Data Archive FSD" URI="https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1190" />
    </citation>
    <notes xml:lang="fi">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), joiden tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons 1.0 Yleismaailmallinen (CC0 1.0) -lisenssillä.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.fi" />
    </notes>
    <notes xml:lang="en">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) are licensed under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) license.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en" />
    </notes>
    <notes xml:lang="sv">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) är licensierade under en Creative Commons 1.0 Universiell (CC0 1.0) licens.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.sv" />
    </notes>
  </docDscr>
  <stdyDscr>
    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>Changing Municipalities 1990</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">Muuttuvat kunnat 1990</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">1190</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="URN">urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1190</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">10.60686/t-fsd1190</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <rspStmt>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Åbo Akademi University. Department of Public Administration">Granqvist, Nina</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Åbo Akademi University. Department of Public Administration">Pikkala, Sari</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Åbo Akademi University. Department of Public Administration">Ståhlberg, Krister</AuthEnty>
        <othId>Göteborgs universitet</othId>
        <othId>Universitet i Oslo</othId>
        <othId>Aarhus Universitet</othId>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <producer>Åbo Akademi University. Department of Public Administration</producer>
        <copyright>In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor.</copyright>
      </prodStmt>
      <distStmt>
        <distrbtr abbr="FSD" URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</distrbtr>
        <distDate date="2005-01-04" />
      </distStmt>
      <serStmt ID="S8" URI="https://services.fsd.tuni.fi/catalogue/series/8?lang=en">
        <serName>Individual datasets</serName>
        <serInfo>
          <p>Individual datasets that do not belong to any series.</p>
        </serInfo>
      </serStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version date="2004-10-15" type="main_data">1.0</version>
      </verStmt>
      <biblCit>Granqvist, Nina (Åbo Akademi University) &amp; Pikkala, Sari (Åbo Akademi University) &amp; Ståhlberg, Krister (Åbo Akademi University): Changing Municipalities 1990 [dataset]. Data version 1.0 (2004-10-15). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd1190; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1190</biblCit>
      <holdings location="Finnish Social Science Data Archive FSD" URI="https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1190" />
    </citation>
    <stdyInfo>
      <subject>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">management</keyword>
        <keyword>local government</keyword>
        <keyword>municipal administration</keyword>
        <keyword>free municipalities</keyword>
        <keyword>municipal managers</keyword>
        <keyword>public administration</keyword>
        <keyword>municipalities</keyword>
        <keyword>local authorities</keyword>
        <keyword>municipal planning</keyword>
        <topcClas vocab="OKM" vocabURI="http://www.yso.fi/onto/okm-tieteenala/conceptscheme">Social sciences</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Elites and leadership</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Government, political systems and organisations</topcClas>
      </subject>
      <abstract>
        <p>The survey charted the situation and range of activities of Finnish municipalities. Respondents were asked to evaluate the economic situation of their municipality. They also rated the importance of problems pertaining to local politics, municipal administration, municipal economy, local circumstances and relations with central government. Respondents were asked what the biggest problem in the municipality was. Opinions on the obstacles to solving that problem and different solution strategies were charted. The survey also studied whether certain actions had been taken in municipalities, for example, combining and abolishing municipal committees, organising in-house job-related training or attempts to increase citizen participation.</p>
        <p>Respondents were asked about the Free Municipality/Administrative Experiments. They also rated the importance of the experiment's goals, such as discovering new working methods, learning from experience, breaking old habits and cutting expenditure. Respondents indicated to what extent they agreed with statements relating to issues raised in public discussion, such as reforms made in municipalities and the relationship between local authorities and the State. Respondents were also asked whether their municipality buys services from private companies (outsourcing) and whether it supports voluntary work. The impact of outsourcing the services and supporting voluntary work were assessed.</p>
        <p>Municipal and city managers (local government Chief Executive Officers) were asked how much time they spend taking care of certain duties and how often they communicate with different bodies (e.g. the media, residents and other municipalities). Managers assessed which tasks take most of their time and whether their time management was appropriate. Lastly, they rated the importance of different aspects of Chief Executive Officer's work, such as promoting cooperation between sectors, informing employees, creating new routines, controlling the budget, coordinating actions, and finding out about the views of residents.</p>
        <p>Background variables included municipality, type of municipality, province, respondent's year of birth, level of education. Respondents were also asked about their career development and years in present position.</p>
      </abstract>
      <sumDscr>
        <timePrd event="single" date="1990" />
        <collDate event="start" date="1990-03-01" />
        <collDate event="end" date="1990-04" />
        <nation abbr="FI">Finland</nation>
        <geogCover>Finland</geogCover>
        <anlyUnit>Political-administrative area
          <concept vocab="DDI Analysis Unit" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:AnalysisUnit:2.1.3">PoliticalAdministrativeArea</concept>
          <txt>Municipality</txt>
        </anlyUnit>
        <universe clusion="I">Finnish municipalities</universe>
        <universe clusion="E">the Åland Islands</universe>
        <dataKind>Quantitative</dataKind>
      </sumDscr>
    </stdyInfo>
    <method>
      <dataColl>
        <timeMeth>Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section
          <concept vocab="DDI Time Method" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TimeMethod:1.2.3">Longitudinal.TrendRepeatedCrossSection</concept>
        </timeMeth>
        <dataCollector>Åbo Akademi University. Department of Public Administration</dataCollector>
        <sampProc>Total universe/Complete enumeration
          <concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:SamplingProcedure:2.0.2">TotalUniverseCompleteEnumeration</concept>
        </sampProc>
        <sampProc>
          <p>The questionnaire was sent to all municipal and city managers in Finland. Non-respondents were sent a reminder letter first and contacted by telephone later.</p>
        </sampProc>
        <collMode>Self-administered questionnaire: Paper
          <concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:ModeOfCollection:5.0.1">SelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.Paper</concept>
        </collMode>
        <resInstru>Structured questionnaire
          <concept vocab="DDI Type of Instrument" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TypeOfInstrument:1.1.2">Questionnaire.Structured</concept>
        </resInstru>
        <weight>There are no weight variables in the data.</weight>
      </dataColl>
      <anlyInfo>
        <respRate>85</respRate>
        <dataAppr>There were two different questionnaires regarding questions 11-14 ( one for municipalities participating in the Free Municipality or Administrative Experiment and the other for the rest of the municipalities). The questionnaire for those taking part in the Free Municipality Experiment is archived at FSD.</dataAppr>
      </anlyInfo>
      <stdyClas type="A">Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. The data are checked and processed in detail. If necessary, the data are anonymised.</stdyClas>
    </method>
    <dataAccs>
      <setAvail>
        <accsPlac URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</accsPlac>
        <complete>Answers to open-ended questions 15 and 16 (regarding type of services outsourced to private companies) and 12a in the Free Municipality and Administrative Experiment questionnaire are missing. There are only four variables for question 27 (work experience): municipality, government, organisations, and private sector.</complete>
      </setAvail>
      <useStmt>
        <restrctn>The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.</restrctn>
        <citReq>The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.</citReq>
        <deposReq>Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.</deposReq>
        <disclaimer>The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.</disclaimer>
      </useStmt>
    </dataAccs>
    <othrStdyMat>
      <relStdy>FSD1191 Changing Municipalities 1993
        <ExtLink URI="https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD1191?lang=en&amp;study_language=en" />
      </relStdy>
      <relPubl xml:lang="sv">Kommuner och kommunala ledare i Norden (1996). Red. Lawrence Rose. Åbo: Åbo Akademi. Meddelanden från Ekonomisk-statsvetenskapliga fakulteten vid Åbo Akademi; A:469.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Kommuner och kommunala ledare i Norden</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="1996" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="sv">Pikkala, Sari (1991). Hur leds kommunerna?: en granskning av ledarskapsstilar bland de finländska kommundirektörerna. Kunnallistieteellinen aikakauskirja 19(1), 32-44.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Hur leds kommunerna?: en granskning av ledarskapsstilar bland de finländska kommundirektörerna</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="1991" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="sv">Pikkala, Sari (1993). Omgivning, ledarskap och förändring i kommunerna. Åbo: Åbo Akademi. Meddelanden från Ekonomisk-statsvetenskapliga fakulteten vid Åbo Akademi; A:391.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Omgivning, ledarskap och förändring i kommunerna</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="1993" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Pikkala, Sari (1994). Johtajakuvan muutos kunnallishallinnossa. Kunnallistieteellinen aikakauskirja 21(3), 74-83.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Johtajakuvan muutos kunnallishallinnossa</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="1994" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
    </othrStdyMat>
  </stdyDscr>
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