FSD2556 Finnish National Election Studies 2003-2019: combined data

Aineiston nimi

Finnish National Election Studies 2003-2019: combined data

Aineiston rinnakkainen nimi

CSES

Aineistonumero

FSD2556

Pysyvä tunniste

urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2556

Aineiston laatu

Kvantitatiivinen aineisto

Tekijät

  • Election Study Consortium
  • Karvonen, Lauri (Åbo Akademi University. Department of Political Science)
  • Paloheimo, Heikki (University of Tampere. Department of Political Science and International Relations)
  • Borg, Sami (University of Tampere. Finnish Social Science Data Archive)
  • Grönlund, Kimmo (Åbo Akademi University. Social Science Research Institute)
  • Kestilä-Kekkonen, Elina (University of Tampere. Faculty of Management)

Muut tekijät

  • FSD1260: Other members of the Elections and Representative Democracy in Finland study: Åsa Bengtsson (Åbo Akademi University), Sami Borg (University of Tampere), Kimmo Grönlund (Åbo Akademi University), Mikko Mattila (University of Helsinki), Tom Moring (University of Helsinki), Pertti Pesonen (University of Tampere), Jan Sundberg (University of Helsinki), Risto Sänkiaho (University of Tampere), Hanna Wass (University of Helsinki).
  • FSD2269: The members of the Political Participation and Modes of Democracy: Finland in a Comparative Perspective research group: Åsa Bengtsson (Åbo Akademi University), Sami Borg (University of Tampere. Finnish Social Science Data Archive), Kimmo Grönlund (Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa), Lauri Karvonen (Åbo Akademi University), Mikko Mattila (University of Helsinki), Tom Moring (University of Helsinki), Kim Strandberg (Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa), Jan Sundberg (University of Helsinki), Hanna Wass (University of Helsinki) and Tuomo Turja (Taloustutkimus) and Risto Sänkiaho (University of Tampere).
  • FSD2653: Following members of the election study consortium participated in questionnaire design: Åsa Bengtsson (Åbo Akademi University), Kimmo Elo (University of Turku), Anne Maria Holli (University of Helsinki), Tapio Häyhtiö (University of Turku. School of Economics), Lauri Karvonen (Åbo Akademi University), Mikko Mattila (University of Helsinki), Tom Moring (Swedish School of Social Science), Heikki Paloheimo (University of Tampere), Lauri Rapeli (University of Turku), Jarmo Rinne (University of Tampere), Kim Strandberg (Åbo Akademi University), Peter Söderlund (Åbo Akademi University) and Hanna Wass (University of Helsinki).
  • Borg, Sami (FSD3067) (University of Tampere)
  • von Schoultz, Åsa (FSD3067) (Åbo Akademi University)
  • Strandberg, Kim (FSD3067) (Åbo Akademi University)
  • Tiihonen, Aino (FSD3067) (University of Tampere)
  • Wass, Hanna (FSD3067) (University of Helsinki)
  • Westinen, Jussi (FSD3067) (Åbo Akademi University)
  • Grönlund, Kimmo (FSD3467) (Åbo Akademi University. Social Science Research Institute)
  • Borg, Sami (FSD3467) (Tampere University. Faculty of Management and Business)
  • FSD3467: The following members of the election study consortium participated in questionnaire design (in addition to Sami Borg): Aino Tiihonen (Tampere University), Peter Söderlund (Åbo Akademi University) and Kim Strandberg (Åbo Akademi University).
  • FSD3467: Current (1.1.2018-31.12.2021) members of the board of the election study consortium are: Kimmo Grönlund (chair, Åbo Akademi University), Åsa von Schoultz (University of Helsinki), Sami Borg (Tampere University), Hanna Wass (University of Helsinki), Elina Kestilä-Kekkonen (Tampere University) and Kim Strandberg (Åbo Akademi University).

Sisällön kuvaus

This combined dataset contains the harmonised variables of datasets FSD1260, FSD2269, FSD2653, FSD3067, and FSD3467, which were collected after the Finnish parliamentary elections of 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, and 2019. The studies belong to the Finnish National Election Studies data series, and their survey data contain Finland's contribution to the international Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES).

The harmonised variables, labelled "fnes", comprise responses from one or more collection rounds of the Finnish National Election Studies. Variables from different collection rounds were recoded and combined into the fnes variables at FSD to enable easier comparability between study waves. The data package includes a concordance table (bgF2556.csv) that details which variables in a collection round correspond to each fnes variable. The table also includes a topic and keyword description for the harmonised variables, comparability notes on the variables, as well as SPSS syntax commands and comments relating to the harmonisation of the data. The variables can also be browsed and compared via FSD's Loda portal (https://loda.fsd.tuni.fi/).

Out of all the variables in the combined data, approximately 130 were included in all surveys of the series. Additionally, over 200 variables were included in more than one survey. The rest of the variables were specific to individual surveys. Recurring variables in the FNES data included, for example, interest in politics and elections as well as questions about voting and abstaining from voting. The variables also included respondents' political attitudes and views on democracy.

A total of 70 different background variables were used over the course of the study series. Some background variables were included in all of the studies, some in fewer and some only in one study. Background variables that were included in all of the studies include gender, economic activity and occupational status, electoral district, level of education, household gross annual income, type of neighbourhood, number of children in the household, number of all persons living in the household, religious affiliation, year of birth, marital status, employment status, mother tongue and language spoken at home.

Asiasanat

Internet; constituencies; democracy; election campaigns; elections; electoral candidates; mass media; members of parliament; parliamentary candidates; parliamentary elections; party identification; political attitudes; political awareness; political interest; political leaders; political participation; political parties; political support; trust; voting

Tieteenala/Aihealue

Sarja

Finnish National Election Studies

Jakelija

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Käyttöoikeudet

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

Kerääjät

  • Taloustutkimus and TNS Gallup Finland

Ajallinen kattavuus

2003 – 2019

Aineistonkeruun ajankohta

2003 – 2019

Maa

Finland

Kohdealue

Finland

Havaintoyksikkötyyppi

Individual

Perusjoukko/otos

People living in Finland and entitled to vote in the Finnish parliamentary elections (poislukien the Åland Islands)

Tutkimuksen aikaulottuvuus

Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section

Otantamenetelmä

Probability: Multistage

Non-probability: Quota

2003 and 2015: Probability: Multistage. 2007, 2011 and 2019: Non-probability: Quota

2003: At the first stage, the primary sampling units were based on two dimensions: NUTS 2 classifications (Southern Finland (NUTS 2 = 1,2), Central Finland (NUTS 2 = 3,4), Northern Finland (NUTS 2 = 5)) and urbanisation (urban and rural municipalities). By linking these two dimensions six primary level strata were obtained. The capital region (Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, Kauniainen) forms an individual stratum. At the second stage, the strata were divided into smaller areas based on postal codes so that each smaller area had the same number of inhabitants. At the third stage, the number of starting/sampling points inside each stratum is in direct relation to the number of inhabitants in each stratum. Inside each stratum, clusters (postal codes) have been selected using PPS-sampling and each cluster has the same sample size (six interviews). Six subsequent interviews were made using random walking from each randomly sampled starting address. In each target household the person who filled the gender and age criteria was chosen to be interviewed. Data collection began on 17 March 2003, interviewing ended on 30 April 2003 and the deadline for returning the drop-off questionnaire was 15 May 2003.

2007: For the interviews of the Finnish-speaking respondents, the sample was drawn with the help of quota sampling, in which the quotas were based on age, gender and province of residence of the respondents. The interviews were conducted by using the starting point method. The first interview was conducted in a randomly selected starting point, after which the interviewer proceeded to the next four households. In the interviews of the Swedish-speaking respondents, the quotas were not based on province; instead, they were based on constituency, because the interviews were only conducted in the constituencies where the number of Swedish-speaking people entitled to vote was significant (the consituencies of Helsinki, Uusimaa, Varsinais-Suomi, and Vaasa). In these constituencies, the interviews were further limited to the municipalities where the proportion of Swedish-speaking residents was significant. The selection was based on the information about the percentage of Swedish-speaking residents in Finnish municipalities, drawn from the Finlandssvenskarna 2002 report compiled by The Swedish Assembly of Finland (Folktinget). The quotas used in the interviews of the Swedish-speaking respondents were formed by ordering a random sample from the Finnish Population Register Centre. The size of the sample was ten times greater than the desired number of responses, and it contained altogether 3,000 names of Swedish-speaking people entitled to vote and living in the municipalities selected for the sample. The quotas in this sample were based on age, gender and constituency-specific population distribution. Face-to-face interviews for the Finnish-speaking respondents were conducted 20 March - 23 April 2007 and for the Swedish-speaking respondents 1 April - 20 May 2007. The drop-off questionnaires were returned before 22 May 2007.

2011: The sample of Finnish-speaking persons was drawn using quotas based on the age, gender and major region distributions of the target population. Interviews were conducted using the starting point method. The first interview was conducted at a randomly selected starting point, after which the interviewer proceeded to the next five households. In urban areas, interviewers were given the exact starting address whereas in rural areas they could choose the starting point themselves. Most interviews were conducted in the homes of interviewees, except for 178 interviews in Helsinki and 38 in Rovaniemi conducted in the premises of Taloustutkimus. All interviews of Swedish-speaking respondents were conducted in their homes. The quotas for the Swedish-speaking sample were based on constituencies, not major regions, as interviews were conducted only in the constituencies where the number of Swedish-speaking people entitled to vote was significant (i.e. the constituencies of Helsinki, Uusimaa, Varsinais-Suomi, and Vaasa). In these constituencies, interviews were only conducted in those municipalities where the proportion of Swedish-speaking residents was significant. The information on the percentage of Swedish-speaking residents in Finnish municipalities was taken from the Finlandssvenskarna 2009 report, compiled by The Swedish Assembly of Finland (Folktinget). In the first stage, a random sample of 1800 Swedish-speaking persons was drawn from the Finnish Population Register Centre. In the second stage, quotas were formed based on the age, gender and constituency-specific distribution in the random sample.

Altogether, 1,298 persons were interviewed (1,223 Finnish-speaking and 75 Swedish-speaking). 1,141 respondents consented to fill in the drop-off questionnaire (1,080 Finnish-speaking and 61 Swedish-speaking). In total, 806 adequately filled in questionnaires were returned (71%) of which 761 by the Finnish-speaking (71%) and 37 by the Swedish-speaking (61%). Taloustutkimus sent an Ässä lottery scratchcard to persons who had returned the questionnaire with their contact information. Face-to-face interviews of the Finnish-speaking respondents were conducted 18 April - 28 May 2011 and those of the Swedish-speaking respondents 5-24 April 2011. Deadline for returning the drop-off questionnaires was 14 June 2011.

2015: The sampling was based on prior knowledge of the groups into which the population can be divided into. In the first stage, the number of persons required by the study were regionally divided by NUTS2 major regions. In the second stage, municipality types were taken into account. Interviewees were selected based on the sampling. After the interview, the respondents were asked to complete a self-administered paper questionnaire with additional questions (drop-off questionnaire). The data consist of interviews of 1,587 people and questionnaires completed by 684 people. Out of the 11,500 people selected in the sampling frame, 4,044 refused to participate and 5,919 could not be reached.

2019: The sample was drawn with the help of quota sampling, in which the quotas were based on NUTS3 region of residence, type of municipality of residence, mother tongue, gender and age of the respondents. The quota sampling was based on statistical data on the distribution of the target population according to the mentioned factors. In the first stage, the number of persons required by the study was regionally divided by NUTS3 major regions. In the second stage, municipality types within each NUTS3 region were taken into account by using the Eurostat DEGURBA classification. In the Uusimaa region, Helsinki was separated as its own area. Interviewees were selected based on the sampling. The interviews were conducted by using the starting point method, where the first interview was conducted in a randomly selected starting point. Additionally, some interviews in city areas were conducted in one specific location (e.g. larger hall, convention centre) instead of the door-to-door method. For these interviews, the interviewer used the respondents' postal codes to ensure that all selected areas were sufficiently represented. Interviews of the Swedish-speaking respondents were conducted in regions where the proportion of Swedish-speaking residents was significant: Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland Proper, and the Swedish-speaking regions of Ostrobothnia and Central Ostrobothnia. After the interview, the respondents were asked to complete a self-administered paper questionnaire with additional questions (drop-off questionnaire). 753 respondents completed the drop-off questionnaire. Approximately two thirds of the interviews were conducted in April and May. Some phone interviews were conducted between September 25 and October 5 of 2019 to reach the respondents who had mistakenly not been asked all questions in the interview.

Keruumenetelmä

Face-to-face interview

Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI)

Self-administered questionnaire: Paper

Telephone interview

Keruuväline tai –ohje

Structured questionnaire

Datatiedostojen kieli

Aineistopaketti voi sisältää samoja tiedostoja eri kielisinä.

Aineisto sisältää datatiedostoja seuraavilla kielillä: englanti.

Tietoarkisto kääntää kvantitatiivisia datatiedostoja englanniksi. Lisätietoja käännöspyynnön jättämisestä.

Havaintojen ja muuttujien lukumäärä

1253 muuttujaa ja 7175 havaintoa.

Datan versio

1.0

Katso myös

FSD1260 Finnish National Election Study 2003

FSD2269 Finnish National Election Study 2007

FSD2653 Finnish National Election Study 2011

FSD3067 Finnish National Election Study 2015

FSD3467 Finnish National Election Study 2019

Aineiston käytössä huomioitavaa

Variable labels and numbering in this combined dataset differ from the questionnaires in the individual studies because categories were combined, reorganised and renamed during the harmonisation process.

The data also include variables from the drop-off/self-administered questionnaires. The same question may have been asked in the main questionnaire or the drop-off/self-administered questionnaire depending on the collection round. This may affect study design and comparability between collection rounds. Variables that were included in the self-administered questionnaire have the initial 'p' in the variable name.

The authors and other acknowledgements mentioned in the data description are responsible for the content of the data with regard to one or more of the individual studies. Please see the descriptions of the individual datasets for further information.

Some English translations of variable labels may differ slightly between collection rounds even if questions were posed identically in the original questionnaires. Please refer to the individual studies in the Finnish National Election Studies series or the longitudinal survey metadata portal for more information.

The data do not include all open-ended variables that were included in the Finnish-language collection rounds. For this combined dataset, variable [year] was added to indicate the collection round for each case. To prevent identification of respondents, the following variables were removed during archiving: fnes4 'municipality of residence', fnes424 'place of birth', fnes844 'occupation (open-ended)' and fnes846 'mother tongue: other, please specify (open-ended)'.

Painokertoimet

2003: The data include a weight variable (fnes616) which adjusts the language ratio of the data from the study FSD1260 (2003) to correspond with that of the population in Finland. On 31 December 2002, people living in the Mainland Finland spoke as their first language: Finnish (92.6%), Swedish (5.1%), other language (2.3%). (Source: Statistics Finland, StatFin).

2007: The data contain a weight variable (fnes756) matching the data from the study FSD2269 (2007) according to the mother tongue distribution in the Finnish population. There is also a language weight variable for the drop-off questionnaire data. The weight variables drop the proportion of Swedish speakers to 5.5%, leaving Finnish speaker percentage at 94.5%, as these two mother tongue options were the only ones given in the study.

2011: The data contain a weight variable (fnes947) matching the sample of the study FSD2653 (2011) to the actual vote share of parties in the elections. The variable identifying which party's candidate the respondent had voted for was used to form the weight.

2015: There is a weight variable (fnes1094) in the data that weights the sample of the study FSD3067 (2015) to match the mother tongue, age, gender and electoral district distributions in the population as well as the actual vote share of parties in the elections.

2019: The data contain a weight variable (fnes1256) which weights the sample to match the mother tongue, age, gender and electoral district distributions in the population as well as the actual vote share of parties in the election.

In 2021, updated weight variables were added for the main and self-administered questionnaires in all five studies to enable more detailed comparison between the Finnish National Election Studies. The researchers recommend using these new weight variables when analysing the data. More information on the weight variables can be found in the attached background information file.

Viittausvaatimus

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Malliviittaus

Election Study Consortium & Karvonen, Lauri (Åbo Akademi University) & Paloheimo, Heikki (University of Tampere) & Borg, Sami (University of Tampere) & Grönlund, Kimmo (Åbo Akademi University) & Kestilä-Kekkonen, Elina (University of Tampere): Finnish National Election Studies 2003-2019: combined data [dataset]. Version 1.0 (2017-11-03). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2556

Julkaisusta tiedottaminen

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Varaumat

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Julkaisut aineistosta Tooltip

Jansesberger, Viktoria Anna (2020). Participation Patterns of People-Centered-Democrats. Master´s thesis in Political Science, University of Salzburg

Dalton, Russell J. (2021). Modeling Ideological Polarization in Democratic Party Systems. Electoral Studies, Volume 72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102346

Hildén, Emil (2022) Hurudan effekt socioekonomiska faktorer har på valdeltagande i olika inkomstgrupper: En undersökning på hur utbildningsgrad, politiskt intresse, civilstånd och fackförbundsmedlemskap påverkar valdeltagande i olika inkomstgrupper i Finland. Fakulteten för samhällsvetenskaper och ekonomi, Åbo Akademi.

Nieminen, Jeremias & Simola, Salla & Tukiainen, Janne (2023): Political Representation and the Evolution of Group Differences within Parties: Evidence from 110 year of parliamentary speech. Aboa Centre for Economic Research Discussion Papers No. 161. https://ideas.repec.org/p/tkk/dpaper/dp161.html

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