DDI description: Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence 2011: Autumn DDI-kuvailu: Turvallisuuspolitiikka- ja maanpuolustustutkimus 2011 2718 Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Social Science Data Archive 2.0.0 Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence 2011: Autumn [metadata]. Metadata version 2.0.0 (2018-08-21). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd2718; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2718 FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), joiden tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons 1.0 Yleismaailmallinen (CC0 1.0) -lisenssillä. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) are licensed under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) license. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) är licensierade under en Creative Commons 1.0 Universiell (CC0 1.0) licens. Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence 2011: Autumn Turvallisuuspolitiikka- ja maanpuolustustutkimus 2011 2718 urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2718 10.60686/t-fsd2718 Advisory Board for Defence Information (ABDI) In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor. Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence

The Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence series includes all surveys conducted by the Advisory Board for Defence Information (ABDI). Their focus is on security policy, foreign policy and national defence. The FSD collections cover data from 1992 onwards. The surveys contain a set of core questions repeated over the years.

 2.0 2.0 Advisory Board for Defence Information (ABDI): Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence 2011: Autumn [dataset]. Data version 2.0 (2018-08-21). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd2718; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2718 armed forces conscription conflict resolution international conflict resolution defence defence and state security policy European Union foreign policy future integration international alliances peace-keeping forces public expenditure national security Social sciences Conflict, security and peace Political behaviour and attitudes

This annual survey charted Finnish public opinion on foreign policy, defence policy, security, military alliances, military service, military reforms and Finland's military presence in Afghanistan.

Opinions were charted on the success of defence and state security policy during the previous few years, funds allocated to the Defence Forces and whether Finland should resort to armed defense in case of any sort of attack. Respondents were asked how the global security situation would develop in the next five years, whether Finland should form military alliances and whether Finland should apply for NATO membership. Views were probed on the current, conscription-based defence system.

Regarding Finland's military presence in Afghanistan, the respondents were asked whether Finland should cease military operations in Afghanistan in 2012, by the end of 2014, or continue operations for the time being. Further questions covered whether Finland should continue civilian crisis management and development cooperation in Afghanistan.

Some questions pertained to issues affecting the safety and security of Finland. These included EU membership, potential NATO membership and Finland's participation in the EU defence. The respondents were asked to evaluate how much impact factors such as modern weapon systems, maintaining good relations to neighbouring countries and the amount of funding have on credible defence.

Views on military reforms were studied by asking how the reforms should be carried out in terms of conscription, peace-keeping forces and the size of the reserve. Reasons for either closing down or preserving garrisons and detachements were charted as well as the military activities for which the funding should be cut if necessary. Concern caused by certain phenomena and issues such as economic situation in Europe, international crime, income inequality and nuclear weapons was charted.

Background variables included, among others, the respondent's gender, age, occupational status and economic activity, marital status, occupation of the household head, household composition, age of children living at home, education, gross annual income of the household, newspaper reading and television viewing habits, type of accommodation, ownership of car, home, holiday home and consumer durables, Internet use, and political party choice if parliamentary elections were held at that time.

 Finland Finland Individual Individual People aged 15-79 living in Finland the Åland Islands Quantitative Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Longitudinal.TrendRepeatedCrossSection Taloustutkimus Non-probability: Quota Nonprobability.Quota

Quota sampling based on age, gender, province and municipality type distributions. For this study, interviews were conducted in 89 municipalities, 46 of which were urban and 43 rural municipalities.

 Face-to-face interview Interview.FaceToFace Structured questionnaire Questionnaire.Structured The data contain a weight variable (paino), matching the sample to the distributions of the 15 - 79 year-old population (in thousands). Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. The data are checked and processed in detail. If necessary, the data are anonymised. Finnish Social Science Data Archive The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. Suomalaisten mielipiteitä ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikasta, maanpuolustuksesta ja turvallisuudesta (2012). Helsinki: Maanpuolustustiedotuksen suunnittelukunta MTS. Tiedotteita ja katsauksia helmikuu 2012; 1/2012. Finns' Opinions on Foreign and Security Policy, Defence and Security Issues (2012) [online]. Helsinki: Advisory Board of Defence Information, ABDI. http://www.defmin.fi/files/2025/Report_in_english_january_2012.pdf [cited 7 Feb. 2014]. Finns' Opinions on Foreign and Security Policy, Defence and Security Issues Finns' Opinions on Foreign and Security Policy, Defence and Security Issues - Graphs (2012) [online]. Helsinki: Advisory Board of Defence Information, ABDI. http://www.defmin.fi/files/2024/MTS_report_january_2012_pictures_in_english.pdf [cited 7 Feb. 2014]. Finns' Opinions on Foreign and Security Policy, Defence and Security Issues - Graphs Gustafsberg, Harri & Nyman, Markku (2018). Yksilöresilienssi ja yhteiskunnan turvallisuus. Tampere: Mentoritiimi. Yksilöresilienssi ja yhteiskunnan turvallisuus Suomalaisten mielipiteitä ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikasta, maanpuolustuksesta ja turvallisuudesta (2012). Helsinki: Maanpuolustustiedotuksen suunnittelukunta MTS. Tiedotteita ja katsauksia helmikuu 2012; 1/2012 Suomalaisten mielipiteitä ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikasta, maanpuolustuksesta ja turvallisuudesta daF2718e.por 965 161 SPSS Portable [fsd_no] FSD study number FSD study number 965 2718 2718 2718.00 .000 [fsd_vr] FSD edition number FSD edition number 965 2.0 2.0 2.000 .0000 [fsd_id] FSD case id FSD case id 965 1 965 483.00 278.716 [q1] In your opinion, how well has Finland managed its foreign policy over the past few years? In your opinion, how well has Finland managed its foreign policy over the past few years? 965 1 104 6.71 21.028 1 Very well 45 2 Fairly well 693 3 Not very well 166 4 Not at all well 18 104 Can't say 43 [q2] What is your opinion on the defence force funding? What is your opinion on the defence force funding? 965 1 104 5.64 16.398 1 Funding should be increased a lot 51 2 Funding should be increased a little 199 3 Funding should be kept at present level 499 4 Funding should be decreased a little 162 5 Funding should be decreased a lot 28 104 Can't say 26 [q3] If Finland were attacked, do you think Finns should in all circumstances take up arms in defence of their country, even if the outcome seemed uncertain? If Finland were attacked, do you think Finns should in all circumstances take up arms in defence of their country, even if the outcome seemed uncertain? 965 1 104 6.52 22.801 1 Yes 734 2 No 181 104 Can't say 50 [q4] Considering the present state of the world, do you think that over the next five years Finns will live in a more secure or insecure world? Considering the present state of the world, do you think that over the next five years Finns will live in a more secure or insecure world? 965 1 104 3.82 12.614 1 In a more secure world 152 2 In a less secure world 418 3 There will be no change 380 104 Can't say 15 [q5] In your opinion, should Finland continue its policy of military non-alignment or enter a military alliance? In your opinion, should Finland continue its policy of military non-alignment or enter a military alliance? 965 1 104 10.94 30.046 1 Continue the policy of military non-alignment 654 2 Enter a military alliance 220 104 Can't say 91 [q6] In your opinion, should Finland seek to become a member of NATO? In your opinion, should Finland seek to become a member of NATO? 965 1 104 11.95 30.613 1 Yes 188 2 No 681 104 Can't say 96 [q7] Should Finland keep its present defence system which is based on universal conscription? Should Finland keep its present defence system which is based on universal conscription? 965 1 104 3.25 13.515 1 Keep the present universal conscription system 621 2 Change to selective conscription with smaller reserves 238 3 Change from universal conscription to professional army 89 104 Can't say 17 [q8] In your opinion, how well has Finland managed its defence policy over the past few years? In your opinion, how well has Finland managed its defence policy over the past few years? 965 1 104 9.03 25.749 1 Very well 68 2 Fairly well 713 3 Not very well 112 4 Not at all well 6 104 Can't say 66 [q9] What is your opinion on Finland's military presence in Afghanistan? What is your opinion on Finland's military presence in Afghanistan? 965 1 104 7.55 23.509 1 Finland should cease military operations by the end of 2012 430 2 Finland should cease military operations by the end of 2014 201 3 Finland should continue operations for the time being 280 104 Can't say 54 [q10_1] Should Finland continue participating in the following in Afghanistan: Civilian crisis management Should Finland continue participating in the following in Afghanistan: Civilian crisis management 965 1 1004 52.19 220.255 1 Yes 665 2 No 251 1004 Can't say 49 [q10_2] Should Finland continue participating in the following in Afghanistan: Development cooperation Should Finland continue participating in the following in Afghanistan: Development cooperation 965 1 1004 34.40 179.661 1 Yes 798 2 No 135 1004 Can't say 32 [q11_1] Do you think military duties of the Finnish Armed Forces should include: Defending Finland's territorial integrity Do you think military duties of the Finnish Armed Forces should include: Defending Finland's territorial integrity 965 1 1004 12.46 106.527 1 Yes 930 2 No 24 1004 Can't say 11 [q11_2] Do you think the military duties of the Finnish Armed Forces should include: Taking part in the defence of the European Union Do you think the military duties of the Finnish Armed Forces should include: Taking part in the defence of the European Union 965 1 1004 88.63 282.796 1 Yes 569 2 No 312 1004 Can't say 84 [q11_3] Do you think the military duties of the Finnish Armed Forces should include: Taking part in preventing crises and threatening situations in different parts of the world Do you think the military duties of the Finnish Armed Forces should include: Taking part in preventing crises and threatening situations in different parts of the world 965 1 1004 76.24 263.574 1 Yes 503 2 No 390 1004 Can't say 72 [q12_1] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Finland's EU membership How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Finland's EU membership 965 1 1004 28.58 162.396 1 Increases security 500 2 No effect 343 3 Decreases security 96 1004 Can't say 26 [q12_2] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Finland joining NATO How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Finland joining NATO 965 1 1004 100.71 298.646 1 Increases security 255 2 No effect 296 3 Decreases security 319 1004 Can't say 95 [q12_3] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Increase in Finland's international economic cooperation How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Increase in Finland's international economic cooperation 965 1 1004 49.50 213.660 1 Increases security 382 2 No effect 407 3 Decreases security 130 1004 Can't say 46 [q12_4] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Finland's participation in the EU's common defence How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Finland's participation in the EU's common defence 965 1 1004 54.58 224.388 1 Increases security 480 2 No effect 320 3 Decreases security 114 1004 Can't say 51 [q12_5] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Sweden's decision to abolish conscription (compulsory military service) How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Sweden's decision to abolish conscription (compulsory military service) 965 1 1004 43.72 199.794 1 Increases security 18 2 No effect 708 3 Decreases security 199 1004 Can't say 40 [q12_6] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Participation of Finnish troops in crisis management operations in war zones How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Participation of Finnish troops in crisis management operations in war zones 965 1 1004 50.94 215.762 1 Increases security 164 2 No effect 458 3 Decreases security 296 1004 Can't say 47 [q12_7] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Finland's military non-alignment How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Finland's military non-alignment 965 1 1004 73.42 258.377 1 Increases security 384 2 No effect 350 3 Decreases security 162 1004 Can't say 69 [q12_8] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Increase in foreign ownership in Finnish economic life How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland: Increase in foreign ownership in Finnish economic life 965 1 1004 53.28 220.003 1 Increases security 83 2 No effect 361 3 Decreases security 472 1004 Can't say 49 [q13_1] How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Up-to-date weapon systems How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Up-to-date weapon systems 965 1 1004 24.76 149.650 1 A great deal 291 2 Quite a lot 517 3 Not at all 65 4 Not very much 66 5 Very little 4 1004 Can't say 22 [q13_2] How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Good relations with neighbouring countries How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Good relations with neighbouring countries 965 1 1004 12.84 106.487 1 A great deal 592 2 Quite a lot 343 3 Not at all 10 4 Not very much 8 5 Very little 1 1004 Can't say 11 [q13_3] How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Compatibility of Finland's weapons systems and command structure with the NATO standards How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Compatibility of Finland's weapons systems and command structure with the NATO standards 965 1 1004 123.92 327.072 1 A great deal 95 2 Quite a lot 374 3 Not at all 270 4 Not very much 83 5 Very little 26 1004 Can't say 117 [q13_4] How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Citizens' will to defend the nation How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Citizens' will to defend the nation 965 1 1004 27.64 159.312 1 A great deal 455 2 Quite a lot 389 3 Not at all 52 4 Not very much 38 5 Very little 6 1004 Can't say 25 [q13_5] How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Defence of the whole area of Finland How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Defence of the whole area of Finland 965 1 1004 35.93 182.258 1 A great deal 419 2 Quite a lot 449 3 Not at all 40 4 Not very much 21 5 Very little 3 1004 Can't say 33 [q13_6] How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Universal conscription for men How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Universal conscription for men 965 1 1004 18.39 128.046 1 A great deal 405 2 Quite a lot 415 3 Not at all 76 4 Not very much 46 5 Very little 7 1004 Can't say 16 [q13_7] How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Women's voluntary military service How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Women's voluntary military service 965 1 1004 30.62 165.233 1 A great deal 100 2 Quite a lot 375 3 Not at all 306 4 Not very much 113 5 Very little 44 1004 Can't say 27 [q13_8] How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Amount, quality and maintainability of defence equipment How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Amount, quality and maintainability of defence equipment 965 1 1004 26.64 156.169 1 A great deal 385 2 Quite a lot 475 3 Not at all 51 4 Not very much 25 5 Very little 5 1004 Can't say 24 [q13_9] How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Level of defence appropriations How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Level of defence appropriations 965 1 1004 29.95 165.346 1 A great deal 279 2 Quite a lot 523 3 Not at all 86 4 Not very much 44 5 Very little 6 1004 Can't say 27 [q13_10] How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Size of the reserve force How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Size of the reserve force 965 1 1004 39.51 189.964 1 A great deal 212 2 Quite a lot 482 3 Not at all 142 4 Not very much 85 5 Very little 8 1004 Can't say 36 [q13_11] How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Finland's participation in the EU's common defence How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Finland's participation in the EU's common defence 965 1 1004 57.45 228.303 1 A great deal 97 2 Quite a lot 453 3 Not at all 240 4 Not very much 105 5 Very little 17 1004 Can't say 53 [q13_12] How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Finland's participation in international peacekeeping and crisis management operations How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Finland's participation in international peacekeeping and crisis management operations 965 1 1004 47.15 206.749 1 A great deal 90 2 Quite a lot 424 3 Not at all 273 4 Not very much 106 5 Very little 29 1004 Can't say 43 [q13_13] How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Regular refresher courses for reservists How much do the following things affect maintaining a credible defence: Regular refresher courses for reservists 965 1 1004 27.16 156.087 1 A great deal 184 2 Quite a lot 482 3 Not at all 150 4 Not very much 110 5 Very little 15 1004 Can't say 24 [q14] What do you think the military situation in the regions just across the Finnish border will be like over the next ten years? What do you think the military situation in the regions just across the Finnish border will be like over the next ten years? 965 1 104 4.59 15.550 1 Less threatening than at present 74 2 About the same as at present 636 3 More threatening than at present 232 104 Can't say 23 [q15_1] Relating to the reform of the Finnish Defence Forces, what kind of policy do you think should be adopted for: Conscription system Relating to the reform of the Finnish Defence Forces, what kind of policy do you think should be adopted for: Conscription system 965 1 104 3.39 13.509 1 The present conscription system should be preserved 587 2 The number of conscripts should be decreased by increasing selectivity 235 3 Universal conscription should be replaced by voluntary military service 59 4 Universal conscription should be replaced by professional army 67 104 Can't say 17 [q15_2] Relating to the reform of the Finnish Defence Forces, what kind of policy do you think should be adopted for: Participation in peacekeeping and crisis management operations Relating to the reform of the Finnish Defence Forces, what kind of policy do you think should be adopted for: Participation in peacekeeping and crisis management operations 965 1 104 4.46 16.919 1 Participation in peacekeeping and crisis management should be kept at present level 623 2 Participation in peacekeeping and crisis management should be increased 73 3 Participation in peacekeeping and crisis management should be decreased 242 104 Can't say 27 [q15_3] Relating to the reform of the Finnish Defence Forces, what kind of policy do you think should be adopted for: Wartime troop strength, i.e. the size of the reserve force (350,000 soldiers at the moment) Relating to the reform of the Finnish Defence Forces, what kind of policy do you think should be adopted for: Wartime troop strength, i.e. the size of the reserve force (350,000 soldiers at the moment) 965 1 104 3.81 15.676 1 The size of the reserve should be kept at present level 686 2 The size of the reserve should be decreased 168 3 The size of the reserve should be increased 88 104 Can't say 23 [q16_1] What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Regional policy issues What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Regional policy issues 965 0 1 .21 .409 0 Not mentioned 760 1 Mentioned 205 [q16_2] What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Issues related to national defence What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Issues related to national defence 965 0 1 .65 .478 0 Not mentioned 340 1 Mentioned 625 [q16_3] What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Military traditions of the municipality/area in question What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Military traditions of the municipality/area in question 965 0 1 .08 .277 0 Not mentioned 884 1 Mentioned 81 [q16_4] What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Need for military training What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Need for military training 965 0 1 .34 .475 0 Not mentioned 633 1 Mentioned 332 [q16_5] What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Treating different regions of Finland equally What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Treating different regions of Finland equally 965 0 1 .30 .461 0 Not mentioned 671 1 Mentioned 294 [q16_6] What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Reasons related to national economy What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Reasons related to national economy 965 0 1 .17 .378 0 Not mentioned 799 1 Mentioned 166 [q16_7] What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Other What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Other 965 0 1 .01 .091 0 Not mentioned 957 1 Mentioned 8 [q16_8] What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Can't say What do you think are the two most important factors to consider when the decisions to either shut down or preserve garrisons are being made: Can't say 965 0 1 .05 .209 0 Not mentioned 921 1 Mentioned 44 [q17_1] If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Training activities and the maintaining of military readiness If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Training activities and the maintaining of military readiness 965 0 1 .11 .317 0 Not mentioned 856 1 Mentioned 109 [q17_2] If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Participation in international peacekeeping and crisis management operations If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Participation in international peacekeeping and crisis management operations 965 0 1 .43 .496 0 Not mentioned 547 1 Mentioned 418 [q17_3] If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Refresher training If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Refresher training 965 0 1 .28 .451 0 Not mentioned 691 1 Mentioned 274 [q17_4] If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Defence equipment procurement If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Defence equipment procurement 965 0 1 .19 .395 0 Not mentioned 779 1 Mentioned 186 [q17_5] If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Defence Forces personnel If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Defence Forces personnel 965 0 1 .19 .390 0 Not mentioned 785 1 Mentioned 180 [q17_6] If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Garrisons and training areas If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Garrisons and training areas 965 0 1 .20 .403 0 Not mentioned 768 1 Mentioned 197 [q17_7] If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Arming of the reserve force If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Arming of the reserve force 965 0 1 .17 .372 0 Not mentioned 805 1 Mentioned 160 [q17_8] If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Conscripts' per diem allowances and social benefits If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Conscripts' per diem allowances and social benefits 965 0 1 .07 .260 0 Not mentioned 895 1 Mentioned 70 [q17_9] If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Other If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Other 965 0 1 .00 .032 0 Not mentioned 964 1 Mentioned 1 [q17_10] If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Can't say If defence funding is cut, where should the cuts be made: Can't say 965 0 1 .16 .368 0 Not mentioned 809 1 Mentioned 156 [q18_1] How concerned are you about the future because of: Prospects for the European economy How concerned are you about the future because of: Prospects for the European economy 965 1 1004 9.08 85.094 1 Very concerned 375 2 Somewhat concerned 431 3 Not very concerned 114 4 Not at all concerned 38 1004 Can't say 7 [q18_2] How concerned are you about the future because of: Finnish welfare services How concerned are you about the future because of: Finnish welfare services 965 1 1004 6.10 64.420 1 Very concerned 342 2 Somewhat concerned 386 3 Not very concerned 177 4 Not at all concerned 56 1004 Can't say 4 [q18_3] How concerned are you about the future because of: Global warming How concerned are you about the future because of: Global warming 965 1 1004 9.73 85.041 1 Very concerned 185 2 Somewhat concerned 319 3 Not very concerned 279 4 Not at all concerned 175 1004 Can't say 7 [q18_4] How concerned are you about the future because of: Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction How concerned are you about the future because of: Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction 965 1 1004 8.26 78.808 1 Very concerned 347 2 Somewhat concerned 307 3 Not very concerned 233 4 Not at all concerned 72 1004 Can't say 6 [q18_5] How concerned are you about the future because of: International organized crime How concerned are you about the future because of: International organized crime 965 1 1004 7.15 71.984 1 Very concerned 363 2 Somewhat concerned 326 3 Not very concerned 220 4 Not at all concerned 51 1004 Can't say 5 [q18_6] How concerned are you about the future because of: International terrorism How concerned are you about the future because of: International terrorism 965 1 1004 6.18 64.415 1 Very concerned 339 2 Somewhat concerned 322 3 Not very concerned 231 4 Not at all concerned 69 1004 Can't say 4 [q18_7] How concerned are you about the future because of: Recent developments in Russia How concerned are you about the future because of: Recent developments in Russia 965 1 1004 29.53 162.238 1 Very concerned 118 2 Somewhat concerned 355 3 Not very concerned 297 4 Not at all concerned 169 1004 Can't say 26 [q18_8] How concerned are you about the future because of: Situation in the Middle East How concerned are you about the future because of: Situation in the Middle East 965 1 1004 25.30 149.568 1 Very concerned 154 2 Somewhat concerned 336 3 Not very concerned 310 4 Not at all concerned 143 1004 Can't say 22 [q18_9] How concerned are you about the future because of: Increase in the number of immigrants in Finland How concerned are you about the future because of: Increase in the number of immigrants in Finland 965 1 1004 14.16 106.349 1 Very concerned 136 2 Somewhat concerned 244 3 Not very concerned 300 4 Not at all concerned 274 1004 Can't say 11 [q18_10] How concerned are you about the future because of: Sufficiency of the world's natural resources How concerned are you about the future because of: Sufficiency of the world's natural resources 965 1 1004 10.38 90.899 1 Very concerned 299 2 Somewhat concerned 360 3 Not very concerned 230 4 Not at all concerned 68 1004 Can't say 8 [q18_11] How concerned are you about the future because of: Crisis of the financial market How concerned are you about the future because of: Crisis of the financial market 965 1 1004 12.38 101.527 1 Very concerned 291 2 Somewhat concerned 427 3 Not very concerned 183 4 Not at all concerned 54 1004 Can't say 10 [q18_12] How concerned are you about the future because of: Prospects for the Finnish economy How concerned are you about the future because of: Prospects for the Finnish economy 965 1 1004 9.36 85.070 1 Very concerned 222 2 Somewhat concerned 480 3 Not very concerned 206 4 Not at all concerned 50 1004 Can't say 7 [q18_13] How concerned are you about the future because of: Potential terrorist attack in Finland How concerned are you about the future because of: Potential terrorist attack in Finland 965 1 1004 7.76 71.941 1 Very concerned 158 2 Somewhat concerned 262 3 Not very concerned 370 4 Not at all concerned 170 1004 Can't say 5 [q18_14] How concerned are you about the future because of: Crimes targeted at information networks How concerned are you about the future because of: Crimes targeted at information networks 965 1 1004 23.02 142.788 1 Very concerned 209 2 Somewhat concerned 371 3 Not very concerned 275 4 Not at all concerned 90 1004 Can't say 20 [q18_15] How concerned are you about the future because of: Income disparity in Finland How concerned are you about the future because of: Income disparity in Finland 965 1 1004 9.42 85.066 1 Very concerned 255 2 Somewhat concerned 382 3 Not very concerned 240 4 Not at all concerned 81 1004 Can't say 7 [q18_16] How concerned are you about the future because of: Employment situation in Finland How concerned are you about the future because of: Employment situation in Finland 965 1 1004 5.06 55.820 1 Very concerned 324 2 Somewhat concerned 412 3 Not very concerned 180 4 Not at all concerned 46 1004 Can't say 3 [q18_17] How concerned are you about the future because of: Increase in the military expenditure in Russia How concerned are you about the future because of: Increase in the military expenditure in Russia 965 1 1004 36.83 182.088 1 Very concerned 143 2 Somewhat concerned 288 3 Not very concerned 311 4 Not at all concerned 190 1004 Can't say 33 [q18_18] How concerned are you about the future because of: Nuclear weapons How concerned are you about the future because of: Nuclear weapons 965 1 1004 9.49 85.061 1 Very concerned 287 2 Somewhat concerned 277 3 Not very concerned 284 4 Not at all concerned 110 1004 Can't say 7 [q18_19] How concerned are you about the future because of: Social unrest in Northern Africa and the Middle East (the so-called Arab Spring) How concerned are you about the future because of: Social unrest in Northern Africa and the Middle East (the so-called Arab Spring) 965 1 1004 28.67 159.144 1 Very concerned 93 2 Somewhat concerned 280 3 Not very concerned 353 4 Not at all concerned 214 1004 Can't say 25 [bv1] The respondent's gender The respondent's gender 965 1 2 1.47 .499 1 Female 510 2 Male 455 [bv2] The respondent's age The respondent's age 965 15 79 48.15 18.955 [bv3] The respondent's employment status The respondent's employment status 965 1 3 2.25 .936 1 Full-time employment 332 2 Part-time employment 61 3 Not in employment 572 [bv4] The respondent's economic activity and occupational status The respondent's economic activity and occupational status 965 1 10 6.41 2.913 1 Farmer 4 2 Worker 162 3 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, admin.) 74 4 Lower managerial/professional employee 111 5 Entrepreneur, self-employed, own account worker 38 6 Higher managerial employee 15 7 Housewife/house husband, homemaker 23 8 Student 141 9 Retired/pensioner 348 10 Unemployed 49 [bv5] The respondent's marital status The respondent's marital status 965 1 4 1.81 .927 1 Married or cohabiting 452 2 Single, never married 320 3 Divorced 120 4 Widowed 73 5 Doesn't want to answer 0 [bv6] Economic activity and occupational status of the person with the highest income in the household Economic activity and occupational status of the person with the highest income in the household 965 1 10 5.80 3.021 1 Farmer 2 2 Worker 228 3 Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, admin.) 74 4 Lower managerial/professional employee 145 5 Entrepreneur, self-employed, own account worker 48 6 Higher managerial employee 24 7 Housewife/house husband, homemaker 7 8 Student 70 9 Retired/pensioner 330 10 Unemployed 37 [bv7] Are you the person with the highest income in your household? Are you the person with the highest income in your household? 962 1 3 1.39 .608 1 Yes 648 2 No 251 3 Both have equal incomes 63 SYSMISS 3 [bv8] Who in the household is mainly responsible for everyday chores like shopping? Who in the household is mainly responsible for everyday chores like shopping? 962 1 3 1.56 .709 1 The respondent 546 2 The respondent together with someone else 293 3 Someone else than the respondent 123 SYSMISS 3 [bv9] Household composition Household composition 965 1 4 2.11 1.167 1 Single household 405 2 Couple (married or cohabiting), no children 253 3 Other household with adults only (all aged over 18) 103 4 Household with children living at home 204 [bv10_1] Ages of children living in the household: 0 years Ages of children living in the household: 0 years 965 0 1 .02 .135 0 Not mentioned 947 1 Mentioned 18 [bv10_2] Ages of children living in the household: 1 year Ages of children living in the household: 1 year 965 0 1 .02 .135 0 Not mentioned 947 1 Mentioned 18 [bv10_3] Ages of children living in the household: 2 years Ages of children living in the household: 2 years 965 0 1 .02 .139 0 Not mentioned 946 1 Mentioned 19 [bv10_4] Ages of children living in the household: 3 years Ages of children living in the household: 3 years 965 0 1 .03 .159 0 Not mentioned 940 1 Mentioned 25 [bv10_5] Ages of children living in the household: 4 years Ages of children living in the household: 4 years 965 0 1 .02 .124 0 Not mentioned 950 1 Mentioned 15 [bv10_6] Ages of children living in the household: 5 years Ages of children living in the household: 5 years 965 0 1 .02 .149 0 Not mentioned 943 1 Mentioned 22 [bv10_7] Ages of children living in the household: 6 years Ages of children living in the household: 6 years 965 0 1 .02 .124 0 Not mentioned 950 1 Mentioned 15 [bv10_8] Ages of children living in the household: 7 years Ages of children living in the household: 7 years 965 0 1 .02 .156 0 Not mentioned 941 1 Mentioned 24 [bv10_9] Ages of children living in the household: 8 years Ages of children living in the household: 8 years 965 0 1 .02 .139 0 Not mentioned 946 1 Mentioned 19 [bv10_10] Ages of children living in the household: 9 years Ages of children living in the household: 9 years 965 0 1 .02 .149 0 Not mentioned 943 1 Mentioned 22 [bv10_11] Ages of children living in the household: 10 years Ages of children living in the household: 10 years 965 0 1 .02 .124 0 Not mentioned 950 1 Mentioned 15 [bv10_12] Ages of children living in the household: 11 years Ages of children living in the household: 11 years 965 0 1 .02 .149 0 Not mentioned 943 1 Mentioned 22 [bv10_13] Ages of children living in the household: 12 years Ages of children living in the household: 12 years 965 0 1 .02 .153 0 Not mentioned 942 1 Mentioned 23 [bv10_14] Ages of children living in the household: 13 years Ages of children living in the household: 13 years 965 0 1 .02 .139 0 Not mentioned 946 1 Mentioned 19 [bv10_15] Ages of children living in the household: 14 years Ages of children living in the household: 14 years 965 0 1 .03 .174 0 Not mentioned 935 1 Mentioned 30 [bv10_16] Ages of children living in the household: 15 years Ages of children living in the household: 15 years 965 0 1 .03 .162 0 Not mentioned 939 1 Mentioned 26 [bv10_17] Ages of children living in the household: 16 years Ages of children living in the household: 16 years 965 0 1 .03 .165 0 Not mentioned 938 1 Mentioned 27 [bv10_18] Ages of children living in the household: 17 years Ages of children living in the household: 17 years 965 0 1 .03 .171 0 Not mentioned 936 1 Mentioned 29 [bv11] Number of children aged under 18 living at home Number of children aged under 18 living at home 204 1 8 1.95 1.148 [bv12] Household's annual gross income (euros per year) Household's annual gross income (euros per year) 965 1 16 7.65 5.139 1 Under 10,000 euros per year 74 2 10,001 - 15,000 euros per year 110 3 15,001 - 20,000 euros per year 89 4 20,001 - 25,000 euros per year 85 5 25,001 - 30,000 euros per year 82 6 30,001 - 35,000 euros per year 49 7 35,001 - 40,000 euros per year 52 8 40,001 - 45,000 euros per year 43 9 45,001 - 50,000 euros per year 48 10 50,001 - 55,000 euros per year 41 11 55,001 - 60,000 euros per year 27 12 60,001 - 70,000 euros per year 39 13 70,001 - 80,000 euros per year 30 14 80,001 - 90,000 euros per year 18 15 Over 90,000 euros per year 30 16 Can't say/Doesn't want to answer 148 [bv13] Number of persons living in the household (including the respondent) Number of persons living in the household (including the respondent) 965 1 11 2.02 1.254 [bv14_1] Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: The top three in Finland (Helsingin Sanomat, Aamulehti, Turun Sanomat) Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: The top three in Finland (Helsingin Sanomat, Aamulehti, Turun Sanomat) 965 0 1 .34 .474 0 Not mentioned 637 1 Mentioned 328 [bv14_2] Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: Maaseudun Tulevaisuus Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: Maaseudun Tulevaisuus 965 0 1 .03 .159 0 Not mentioned 940 1 Mentioned 25 [bv14_3] Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: Other newspaper Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: Other newspaper 965 0 1 .49 .500 0 Not mentioned 488 1 Mentioned 477 [bv14_4] Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: Ilta-Sanomat Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: Ilta-Sanomat 965 0 1 .12 .320 0 Not mentioned 853 1 Mentioned 112 [bv14_5] Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: Iltalehti Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: Iltalehti 965 0 1 .08 .279 0 Not mentioned 883 1 Mentioned 82 [bv14_6] Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: Kauppalehti Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: Kauppalehti 965 0 1 .02 .153 0 Not mentioned 942 1 Mentioned 23 [bv14_7] Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: None of the above Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: None of the above 965 0 1 .22 .411 0 Not mentioned 757 1 Mentioned 208 [bv14_8] Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: Can't say Newspapers regularly read by the respondent: Can't say 965 0 1 .00 .032 0 Not mentioned 964 1 Mentioned 1 [bv15] The respondent's education The respondent's education 965 1 7 3.02 1.816 1 Primary or lower secondary education 243 2 Upper secondary education (vocational) 270 3 Upper secondary education (general) 82 4 College level vocational education 137 5 Polytechnic/university of applied sciences education 62 6 University or other higher education 169 7 Doesn't want to answer 2 [bv16_1] Does the household have: Car Does the household have: Car 965 0 1 .66 .473 0 Not mentioned 326 1 Mentioned 639 [bv16_2] Does the household own: House/apartment Does the household own: House/apartment 965 0 1 .61 .488 0 Not mentioned 378 1 Mentioned 587 [bv16_3] Does the household own: Second home/holiday home Does the household own: Second home/holiday home 965 0 1 .25 .435 0 Not mentioned 721 1 Mentioned 244 [bv16_4] Does the household have: Fixed-line telephone Does the household have: Fixed-line telephone 965 0 1 .16 .366 0 Not mentioned 811 1 Mentioned 154 [bv16_5] Does the household have: Mobile phone Does the household have: Mobile phone 965 0 1 .98 .156 0 Not mentioned 24 1 Mentioned 941 [bv16_6] Does the household have: Digital camera Does the household have: Digital camera 965 0 1 .65 .476 0 Not mentioned 334 1 Mentioned 631 [bv16_7] Does the household have: Digital TV/receiver Does the household have: Digital TV/receiver 965 0 1 .84 .369 0 Not mentioned 157 1 Mentioned 808 [bv16_8] Does the household have: Cable/satellite TV Does the household have: Cable/satellite TV 965 0 1 .42 .494 0 Not mentioned 559 1 Mentioned 406 [bv16_9] Does the household have: Teletext Does the household have: Teletext 965 0 1 .82 .386 0 Not mentioned 176 1 Mentioned 789 [bv16_10] Does the household have: Pay channels Does the household have: Pay channels 965 0 1 .19 .394 0 Not mentioned 780 1 Mentioned 185 [bv16_11] Does the household have: High definition TV (HD ready or Full HD) Does the household have: High definition TV (HD ready or Full HD) 965 0 1 .28 .448 0 Not mentioned 698 1 Mentioned 267 [bv16_12] Does the household have: High definition (HD) digital tuner in TV or digital receiver Does the household have: High definition (HD) digital tuner in TV or digital receiver 965 0 1 .19 .390 0 Not mentioned 785 1 Mentioned 180 [bv16_13] Does the household have: DVD player Does the household have: DVD player 965 0 1 .61 .489 0 Not mentioned 379 1 Mentioned 586 [bv16_14] Does the household have: DVD recorder Does the household have: DVD recorder 965 0 1 .23 .420 0 Not mentioned 745 1 Mentioned 220 [bv16_15] Does the household have: Digital TV recorder Does the household have: Digital TV recorder 965 0 1 .35 .476 0 Not mentioned 631 1 Mentioned 334 [bv16_16] Does the household have: Blu-ray player Does the household have: Blu-ray player 965 0 1 .11 .309 0 Not mentioned 862 1 Mentioned 103 [bv16_17] Does the household have: Computer Does the household have: Computer 965 0 1 .42 .494 0 Not mentioned 557 1 Mentioned 408 [bv16_18] Does the household have: Laptop computer Does the household have: Laptop computer 965 0 1 .66 .474 0 Not mentioned 328 1 Mentioned 637 [bv16_19] Does the household have: Tablet computer Does the household have: Tablet computer 965 0 1 .03 .176 0 Not mentioned 934 1 Mentioned 31 [bv16_20] Does the household have: Video game console Does the household have: Video game console 965 0 1 .25 .432 0 Not mentioned 726 1 Mentioned 239 [bv16_21] Does the household have: Broadband Internet (ADSL/cable modem/USB modem) Does the household have: Broadband Internet (ADSL/cable modem/USB modem) 965 0 1 .74 .437 0 Not mentioned 248 1 Mentioned 717 [bv16_22] Does the household have: Other Internet connection (modem/ISDN) Does the household have: Other Internet connection (modem/ISDN) 965 0 1 .06 .242 0 Not mentioned 905 1 Mentioned 60 [bv16_23] Does the household have: None of the above Does the household have: None of the above 965 0 0 .00 .000 0 Not mentioned 965 1 Mentioned 0 [bv16_24] Does the household have: Can't say Does the household have: Can't say 965 0 0 .00 .000 0 Not mentioned 965 1 Mentioned 0 [bv17] How many hours per week on average does the respondent watch television How many hours per week on average does the respondent watch television 965 1 12 5.32 2.608 1 Doesn't watch television 22 2 4 hours or less 100 3 5-8 hours 153 4 9-12 hours 129 5 13-17 hours 174 6 18-22 hours 138 7 23-27 hours 52 8 28-32 hours 64 9 33-37 hours 36 10 38 hours or more 31 11 No television in the household 65 12 Can't say 1 [bv18] Type of accommodation Type of accommodation 965 1 3 2.27 .829 1 Detached house, farmhouse 237 2 Terraced/row house, semi-detached house 235 3 Block of flats 493 [bv19] Number of inhabitants in the respondent's municipality of residence Number of inhabitants in the respondent's municipality of residence 965 1 5 2.64 1.622 1 Over 100,000 394 2 50,001 - 100,000 129 3 30,001 - 50,000 61 4 10,000 - 30,000 190 5 Under 10,000 191 [bv20] Type of the respondent's municipality of residence Type of the respondent's municipality of residence 965 1 2 1.23 .422 1 A town 741 2 Other municipality 224 [bv21] Province of residence Province of residence 965 1 5 2.06 1.119 1 Southern Finland 379 2 Western Finland 319 3 Eastern Finland 119 4 Oulu 124 5 Lapland 24 [bv23] Region (NUTS3) of residence Region (NUTS3) of residence 965 1 19 7.72 6.145 1 Uusimaa 269 2 Finland proper (Varsinais-Suomi) 73 3 Eastern Uusimaa (Itä-Uusimaa) 2 4 Satakunta 43 5 Tavastia proper (Kanta-Häme) 53 6 Pirkanmaa 76 7 Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme) 22 8 Kymenlaakso 0 9 South Karelia (Etelä-Karjala) 33 10 Southern Savonia (Etelä-Savo) 18 11 Northern Savonia (Pohjois-Savo) 66 12 North Karelia (Pohjois-Karjala) 35 13 Central Finland (Keski-Suomi) 53 14 Southern Ostrobothnia (Etelä-Pohjanmaa) 29 15 Ostrobothnia (Pohjanmaa) 22 16 Central Ostrobothnia (Keski-Pohjanmaa) 23 17 Northern Ostrobothnia (Pohjois-Pohjanmaa) 124 18 Kainuu 0 19 Lapland (Lappi) 24 [bv24] Do you have access to and use a mobile phone? Do you have access to and use a mobile phone? 965 1 2 1.01 .120 1 Yes 951 2 No 14 [bv25] Do you yourself use the Internet? Do you yourself use the Internet? 965 1 2 1.21 .407 1 Yes 763 2 No 202 [bv26_1] Where do you use the Internet: At home Where do you use the Internet: At home 965 0 1 .75 .431 0 Not mentioned 237 1 Mentioned 728 [bv26_2] Where do you use the Internet: At work Where do you use the Internet: At work 965 0 1 .25 .432 0 Not mentioned 725 1 Mentioned 240 [bv26_3] Where do you use the Internet: At school/polytechnic/university or other educational institution Where do you use the Internet: At school/polytechnic/university or other educational institution 965 0 1 .10 .298 0 Not mentioned 870 1 Mentioned 95 [bv26_4] Where do you use the Internet: At the home of a relative or friend Where do you use the Internet: At the home of a relative or friend 965 0 1 .03 .182 0 Not mentioned 932 1 Mentioned 33 [bv26_5] Where do you use the Internet: In the library Where do you use the Internet: In the library 965 0 1 .03 .171 0 Not mentioned 936 1 Mentioned 29 [bv26_6] Where do you use the Internet: Somewhere else Where do you use the Internet: Somewhere else 965 0 1 .02 .143 0 Not mentioned 945 1 Mentioned 20 [bv26_7] Where do you use the Internet: Can't say Where do you use the Internet: Can't say 965 0 0 .00 .000 0 Not mentioned 965 1 Mentioned 0 [bv27] How often do you use the Internet? How often do you use the Internet? 763 1 5 1.29 .747 1 Daily or almost daily (at least 20 days a month) 631 2 About 3-4 days a week (12-19 days a month) 70 3 About 1-2 days a week (4-11 days a month) 40 4 About 1-3 days a month 13 5 Less frequently 9 6 Hardly ever 0 7 Can't say 0 SYSMISS 202 [bv28] The candidate of which political party or group did you vote for in the 2011 PARLIAMENTARY elections? The candidate of which political party or group did you vote for in the 2011 PARLIAMENTARY elections? 927 1 14 5.45 3.664 1 Finnish Social Democratic Party (SDP) 153 2 National Coalition Party (KOK) 129 3 Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 119 4 Left Alliance (VAS) 57 5 Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP) 7 6 Finns Party (PS) 121 7 Christian Democrats in Finland (KD) (formerly Christian League of Finland, SKL) 26 8 Green League (VIHR) 64 9 Don't want to answer 56 10 Didn't vote 139 11 Didn't have the right to vote, no franchise 24 13 Other 9 14 Can't say 23 SYSMISS 38 [bv29] The candidate of which political party or group would you most likely vote for, if the PARLIAMENTARY elections were held now? The candidate of which political party or group would you most likely vote for, if the PARLIAMENTARY elections were held now? 927 1 14 5.83 4.343 1 Finnish Social Democratic Party (SDP) 151 2 National Coalition Party (KOK) 150 3 Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 103 4 Left Alliance (VAS) 51 5 Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP) 8 6 Finns Party (PS) 128 7 Christian Democrats in Finland (KD) (formerly Christian League of Finland, SKL) 20 8 Green League (VIHR) 76 9 Don't want to answer 51 10 Wouldn't vote 46 11 Don't have the right to vote, no franchise 10 13 Other 7 14 Can't say 126 SYSMISS 38 [paino] Weight variables Weight variables 965 .689 21.790 4.36243 2.992763