DDI description: Corruption and Political Institutions in Botswana and Austria 2009-2012 DDI-kuvailu: Korruptio ja poliittiset instituutiot Botswanassa ja Itävallassa 2009-2012 2831 Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Social Science Data Archive 1.0.0 Corruption and Political Institutions in Botswana and Austria 2009-2012 [metadata]. Metadata version 1.0.0 (2013-04-08). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd2831; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2831 FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), joiden tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons 1.0 Yleismaailmallinen (CC0 1.0) -lisenssillä. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) are licensed under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) license. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) är licensierade under en Creative Commons 1.0 Universiell (CC0 1.0) licens. Corruption and Political Institutions in Botswana and Austria 2009-2012 Korruptio ja poliittiset instituutiot Botswanassa ja Itävallassa 2009-2012 2831 urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2831 10.60686/t-fsd2831 Groop, Catharina 0009-0005-5531-8029 In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor. Finnish Social Science Data Archive Individual datasets

Individual datasets that do not belong to any series.

1.0 Groop, Catharina (Åbo Akademi University): Corruption and Political Institutions in Botswana and Austria 2009-2012 [dataset]. Data version 1.0 (2013-04-08). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd2831; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2831 accountability bureaucracy corruption crime democracy electoral systems federalism financial crimes international organizations parliamentary systems party politics political institutions political parties political power politics social influence unitary state Social sciences International politics and organisations Crime and law enforcement

The study investigated views on accountability and the connection between corruption and political institutions in Botswana and Austria. The data consist of transcriptions and notes of interviews conducted in English. The interviewees represented different influential political bodies and actors studying or monitoring such bodies. These bodies and actors include, for example, Transparency International, the UN, the Office of the President, the Office of the Ombudsman and universities.

The interview questions charted views on the prevailing government structure, power and division of powers, accountability, electoral system, bureaucracy and corruption. There was a separate set of questions tailored for each country, but the main themes were mostly the same.

Some of the interviews have been transcribed more precisely than the others and for some interviews only notes exist. The interviews conducted in Austria have mostly been transcribed verbatim from recordings. The interviews conducted in Botswana were not recorded and have therefore been transcribed non-verbatim from notes made during the interviews.

Botswana Austria Botswana Austria Event/Process/Activity EventOrProcessOrActivity Organization/Institution OrganizationOrInstitution Experts working in selected institutions in Austria and Botswana Qualitative Cross-section CrossSection Groop, Catharina Non-probability: Purposive Nonprobability.Purposive

Representatives of those institutions that were deemed interesting in the light of the original research question were selected as interviewees.

Face-to-face interview Interview.FaceToFace Interview scheme and/or themes InterviewSchemeAndThemes Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. The data are checked and processed in detail. If necessary, the data are anonymised. Finnish Social Science Data Archive Transcriptions or notes of 20 interviews and interview questions as RTF documents. Additionally, an HTML folder containing the transcriptions and notes. The dataset is (D) available only by permission from the data depositor/creator. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The researcher has anonymized the names and initials in the data. Groop, C. (2013) "Corruption and Accountability. Political Institutions as referees between principals and agents", Åbo: Åbo Akademis förlag Corruption and Accountability. Political Institutions as referees between principals and agents. daF2831.por SPSS Portable INTERVIEWS AUSTRIA INTERVIEWS AUSTRIA A. INTERVIEWEE A. INTERVIEWEE Function and mandate? Function and mandate? B. INSTITUTIONS B. INSTITUTIONS (i) Federalism - country structured into federal government and Länder with own power (i) Federalism - country structured into federal government and Länder with own power Is a federal structure - in your opinion - good for your country? Why (not)? Is a federal structure - in your opinion - good for your country? Why (not)? Do you think the Länder have genuine power and mandate? Do you think the Länder have genuine power and mandate? Or do you think real power resides with the federal government? Or do you think real power resides with the federal government? If federal government makes decisions outside its mandate' - who can intervene and how? If federal government makes decisions outside its mandate' - who can intervene and how? If the Länder (ex. Landtag) make decisions outside their mandate' - who (citizens, federal state ) can intervene and how? If the Länder (ex. Landtag) make decisions outside their mandate' - who (citizens, federal state ) can intervene and how? Voters elect representatives at federal level (Nationalrat) and at the regional level (Landtag). These have different mandates and representatives. Voters elect representatives at federal level (Nationalrat) and at the regional level (Landtag). These have different mandates and representatives. Do you think its difficult for the voters to keep track of their representatives (and mandate) at different levels / in different fora and hold them accountable? Do you think its difficult for the voters to keep track of their representatives (and mandate) at different levels / in different fora and hold them accountable? (ii) Parliamentarism - Government dependent on parliamentary confidence and Head of State (HOS), not simultaneously Head of Government (HOG) (ii) Parliamentarism - Government dependent on parliamentary confidence and Head of State (HOS), not simultaneously Head of Government (HOG) Your country has a President elected by the people and a Chancellor usually selected from the party with parliamentary majority. Executive power resides with these two figures. Your country has a President elected by the people and a Chancellor usually selected from the party with parliamentary majority. Executive power resides with these two figures. Is this a good structure for your country, do you think? If not, why? (Has power been divided between them in a suitable way?) Is this a good structure for your country, do you think? If not, why? (Has power been divided between them in a suitable way?) Do you think the President should have more power? Why? Do you think the President should have more power? Why? The Chancellor is said to be a dominant figure in Austrian society. Do you feel the Chancellor has too much power? Why? The Chancellor is said to be a dominant figure in Austrian society. Do you feel the Chancellor has too much power? Why? Do you feel that parliament has good enough insight into what the Chancellor (and government) is doing? Do you feel that parliament has good enough insight into what the Chancellor (and government) is doing? Is the President involved in / consulted in decision making? Is the President involved in / consulted in decision making? Are votes of no confidence common? Are votes of no confidence common? (iii) Party-centered electoral system - candidacies determined by party & voters not voting directly for candidate (iii) Party-centered electoral system - candidacies determined by party & voters not voting directly for candidate Am I correctly informed that Austria has an electoral system with closed party lists i.e. on election day voters vote for the list put forward by a party, not individual candidates? Am I correctly informed that Austria has an electoral system with closed party lists i.e. on election day voters vote for the list put forward by a party, not individual candidates? How do Austrians feel about not being able to cast a vote directly for a person? How do Austrians feel about not being able to cast a vote directly for a person? If you wanted to run for the Nationalrat, who would make the decision about your candidacy? If you wanted to run for the Nationalrat, who would make the decision about your candidacy? Do you feel party officials have too much power when it comes to nominations and rankings? Do you feel party officials have too much power when it comes to nominations and rankings? Could your supporters influence your access to the list or your ranking on the list? Or is it only the party officials? Could your supporters influence your access to the list or your ranking on the list? Or is it only the party officials? Many Austrians are members of a political party. People are said to link party membership with personal benefits (such as employment), what do you think? Many Austrians are members of a political party. People are said to link party membership with personal benefits (such as employment), what do you think? Does it happen that friends of the party leadership are placed high on the list? Does it happen that friends of the party leadership are placed high on the list? How? When voting you cannot refrain from voting for a corrupt individual? How? When voting you cannot refrain from voting for a corrupt individual? (iv) Large bureaucracy - large funding envelope, power and work force (iv) Large bureaucracy - large funding envelope, power and work force Do you think bureaucrats have more power than politicians? Do you think bureaucrats have more power than politicians? Advantages/disadvantages of this in your opinion? Advantages/disadvantages of this in your opinion? Do you feel that parliamentarians are able to control what the bureaucracy does? Do you feel that parliamentarians are able to control what the bureaucracy does? If you as a citizen are interested in decisions made by the bureaucracy (for instance why a certain building company was awarded a contract), would you be able to get information about the tendering/contracting process? If you as a citizen are interested in decisions made by the bureaucracy (for instance why a certain building company was awarded a contract), would you be able to get information about the tendering/contracting process? C. CORRUPTION C. CORRUPTION Does corruption - in your opinion - exist in your country? Does corruption - in your opinion - exist in your country? What kind of corruption? (Give examples) Where? Whos involved? What kind of corruption? (Give examples) Where? Whos involved? Is corruption a problem in your line of work? Is corruption a problem in your line of work? CPI (2005): low corruption but GCB (2009): 35% of respondents say political parties are corrupt. Contradiction? CPI (2005): low corruption but GCB (2009): 35% of respondents say political parties are corrupt. Contradiction? Why do you think corruption exists / doesnt exist in Austria? (causes) Why do you think corruption exists / doesnt exist in Austria? (causes) INTERVIEWS BOTSWANA INTERVIEWS BOTSWANA A. INTERVIEWEE A. INTERVIEWEE Function and mandate? Function and mandate? B. INSTITUTIONS B. INSTITUTIONS (i) Unitarism (i) Unitarism Is a unitarystructure - in your opinion - good for your country? Why (not)? Is a unitarystructure - in your opinion - good for your country? Why (not)? How do you see the power of the Regions and their mandate? How do you see the power of the Regions and their mandate? Where do you think real power resides? Where do you think real power resides? If central government makes decisions outside its mandate' - who can intervene and how? If central government makes decisions outside its mandate' - who can intervene and how? If the Regions (ex. Actors within councils) make decisions outside their mandate' - who (citizens, central government ) can intervene and how? If the Regions (ex. Actors within councils) make decisions outside their mandate' - who (citizens, central government ) can intervene and how? Voters elect representatives at central level (National Assembly) and at the regional level (elected councillors). These have different mandates and representatives. Voters elect representatives at central level (National Assembly) and at the regional level (elected councillors). These have different mandates and representatives. Do you think its difficult for the voters to keep track of their representatives (and mandate) at different levels / in different fora and hold them accountable? Do you think its difficult for the voters to keep track of their representatives (and mandate) at different levels / in different fora and hold them accountable? (ii) Parliamentarism and Presidentialism - Government dependent on parliamentary confidence but Head of State (HOS) also simultaneously being Head of Government (HOG) (ii) Parliamentarism and Presidentialism - Government dependent on parliamentary confidence but Head of State (HOS) also simultaneously being Head of Government (HOG) Your country has a President elected by Parliament. How do you see this procedure, what are the advantages and disadvantages? Your country has a President elected by Parliament. How do you see this procedure, what are the advantages and disadvantages? The President is said to be a dominant figure in Botswana society. Do you feel the Pres. has too much power? Why? The President is said to be a dominant figure in Botswana society. Do you feel the Pres. has too much power? Why? If yes, how should power be divided, who should be empowered? If yes, how should power be divided, who should be empowered? Do you feel that parliament has good enough insight into the doings of the President (and government)? Do you feel that parliament has good enough insight into the doings of the President (and government)? What are the mechanisms through which the President is held accountable? Are this mechanisms accessible and efficient? What are the mechanisms through which the President is held accountable? Are this mechanisms accessible and efficient? Are votes of no confidence common? Why / not? Are votes of no confidence common? Why / not? (iii) Candidate-centered electoral system (iii) Candidate-centered electoral system Describe the electoral system Describe the electoral system Who has the final say with regards to ballot access? Who has the final say with regards to ballot access? Do you feel party officials have too much power when it comes to nominations and rankings? Do they hold candidates/representatives to account? Do you feel party officials have too much power when it comes to nominations and rankings? Do they hold candidates/representatives to account? Do voters see elections as a tool for holding representatives accountable? Do voters see elections as a tool for holding representatives accountable? Who can sanction representatives in between elections? Who can sanction representatives in between elections? Many Austrians are members of a political party. People are said to link party membership with personal benefits (such as employment), what do you think? Many Austrians are members of a political party. People are said to link party membership with personal benefits (such as employment), what do you think? Does it happen that friends of the party leadership are placed high on the list? Does it happen that friends of the party leadership are placed high on the list? (iv) Small bureaucracy - smaller funding envelope, power and work force (iv) Small bureaucracy - smaller funding envelope, power and work force Do you think bureaucrats have more power than politicians? Do you think bureaucrats have more power than politicians? Advantages/disadvantages of this in your opinion? Advantages/disadvantages of this in your opinion? Do you feel that parliamentarians/ministers are able to control what the bureaucracy does? Do you feel that parliamentarians/ministers are able to control what the bureaucracy does? If you as a citizen are interested in decisions made by the bureaucracy (for instance why a certain building company was awarded a contract), would you be able to get information about the tendering/contracting process? If you as a citizen are interested in decisions made by the bureaucracy (for instance why a certain building company was awarded a contract), would you be able to get information about the tendering/contracting process? What sanctions can be applied with regards to wrong-doers? What sanctions can be applied with regards to wrong-doers? C. CORRUPTION C. CORRUPTION Does corruption - in your opinion - exist in your country? Does corruption - in your opinion - exist in your country? What kind of corruption? (Give examples) Where? Whos involved? What kind of corruption? (Give examples) Where? Whos involved? Is corruption a problem in your line of work? Is corruption a problem in your line of work? How do you see the scores for Botswana on the CPI and the WGI? How do you see the scores for Botswana on the CPI and the WGI? Why do you think corruption exists / doesnt exist in Bostwana? (causes) Why do you think corruption exists / doesnt exist in Bostwana? (causes) Is enough being done by the state? What more could be done? Is there political will? Is enough being done by the state? What more could be done? Is there political will?