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        <titl>DDI description: Culture and Leisure in Finland 2007</titl>
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        <titl>Culture and Leisure in Finland 2007</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">Kulttuuri ja vapaa-aika Suomessa 2007</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">2953</IDNo>
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        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Helsinki. Department of Social Policy">Purhonen, Semi</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Helsinki. Department of Social Policy">Rahkonen, Keijo</AuthEnty>
        <othId affiliation="University of Helsinki. Department of Social Policy">Gronow, Jukka</othId>
        <othId affiliation="University of Helsinki. Department of Social Policy">Heikkilä, Riie</othId>
        <othId affiliation="University of Helsinki. Department of Social Policy">Kahma, Nina</othId>
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        <copyright>In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor.</copyright>
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        <version date="2018-07-18" type="main_data">2.0</version>
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      <biblCit>Purhonen, Semi (University of Helsinki) &amp; Rahkonen, Keijo (University of Helsinki): Culture and Leisure in Finland 2007 [dataset]. Data version 2.0 (2018-07-18). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd2953; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2953</biblCit>
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        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">arts</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">cinema attendance</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">cultural activities</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">cultural behaviour</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">cultural interaction</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">cultural life</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">cultural participation</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">cultural values</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">culture</keyword>
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        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">hobbies</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">leisure time</keyword>
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        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">music</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">physical activities</keyword>
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        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">theatre attendance</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">visual arts</keyword>
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        <p>The study extensively charted the culture and leisure time activities of Finnish people.</p>
        <p>The respondents were asked how often they watched different television channels, how often they watched television and what kind of programmes they watched. Relating to cinema, questions investigated the preferred genres and interest in the movies of certain directors. With regard to reading, the respondents were asked how often they read various newspapers and magazines, what types of literature they read, which books they would be interested in reading, and how many books they had read in their leisure time in the previous 12 months. Questions about music surveyed opinions on different music genres, whether the respondents had heard certain songs and whether they liked them, and which radio channels they listened to. Concerning visual arts, questions presented surveyed which art movements the respondents liked the most and which the least, and whether they knew and liked the works of certain artists.</p>
        <p>The respondents were asked to what extent they agreed with statements relating to culture (e.g. "I would have to know more about art and classical music to fully enjoy them"). With regard to culture and language-related hobbies, questions focused on foreign language skills, lessons or studies taken in different arts, and parents' interest in different hobbies (reading, sports, gardening) in the respondents' childhood. Internet use was charted with questions about the frequency, location and purpose of use. Leisure time and holidays were queried about by asking how often the respondents went to different events and places (e.g. cinema, rock concerts, art galleries), whether they had attended popular Finnish festivals and events in the previous 12 months, and what kinds of holidays they had been on and which of them they had liked.</p>
        <p>Relating to sports, the respondents were asked whether they exercised or did sports, how often they exercised, what kind of sports they did, and which sports they preferred to watch. Concerning health and appearance, the respondents were asked whether they had modified or attempted to modify their appearance (for instance, by getting a tattoo, undergone plastic surgery, followed a diet), how often they went to the gym or jogging, did yoga, and went to a barber or salon, whether they had used different counselling and wellness services, how they would describe their way of dressing, and how they viewed their health. With regard to food and dining, questions charted the frequency of dining in a restaurant, kinds of establishments preferred (e.g. pubs, cafes, Italian restaurants), how much the respondents liked certain dishes (e.g. pizza, Wiener Schnitzel, sushi), and what they normally drank during dinner. Relating to home decoration and appliances, the respondents were asked which appliances/electronic devices they had in their household, the number of CDs, movies, books etc. in the household, adjectives describing their ideal home, where the furniture in their home was mainly acquired from and what style their furniture mainly was.</p>
        <p>Friends and social networks were charted with questions about contacts with people close to the respondent, and personal acquaintances with certain occupations (e.g. secretary, doctor, factory worker). Social class and activity in politics and organisations were investigated by asking in which activities and organisations they had participated in the past 12 months, the importance of religion and spirituality, voting habits, and self-perceived social class.</p>
        <p>Finally, two sets of statements were presented. The first set studied views on some value statements (e.g. "Everyone is responsible for their own happiness", "It is best not to trust anyone"). The second set included a number of statements related to the Finnish society at the time of the survey, including such topics as trade unions, same-sex relationships, censorship, immigration, and legal punishments.</p>
        <p>Background variables included, among others, the respondent's gender, year of birth, marital status, education level, educational field(s), economic activity, type of employment contract, work hours per week, and monthly net income as well as number of children, type of neighbourhood of residence, size of the apartment/house, housing tenure, education level of parents and spouse/partner, and spells of unemployment. The survey was conducted as part of a research project in the University of Helsinki called Cultural Capital and Social Differentation in Contemporary Finland (Kulttuuripääoma ja sosiaalinen differentaatio 2000-luvun Suomessa). The survey closely follows the extensive British research project Cultural Capital and Social Exclusion.</p>
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        <timePrd event="single" date="2007" />
        <collDate event="start" date="2007-10-09" />
        <collDate event="end" date="2007-12-10" />
        <nation abbr="FI">Finland</nation>
        <geogCover>Finland</geogCover>
        <anlyUnit>Individual
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        <universe clusion="I">People aged 18-74 permanently residing in Finland</universe>
        <universe clusion="E">the Åland Islands</universe>
        <dataKind>Quantitative</dataKind>
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        <timeMeth>Cross-section
          <concept vocab="DDI Time Method" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TimeMethod:1.2.3">CrossSection</concept>
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        <dataCollector>Statistics Finland. Interview and Survey Services</dataCollector>
        <sampProc>Probability: Simple random
          <concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:SamplingProcedure:2.0.2">Probability.SimpleRandom</concept>
        </sampProc>
        <sampProc>
          <p>3,000 Finns were randomly selected for the sample from the Population database of Statistics Finland. 1,388 persons returned the completed questionnaire. The data were collected by a postal survey.</p>
        </sampProc>
        <collMode>Self-administered questionnaire: Paper
          <concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:ModeOfCollection:5.0.1">SelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.Paper</concept>
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        <resInstru>Structured questionnaire
          <concept vocab="DDI Type of Instrument" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TypeOfInstrument:1.1.2">Questionnaire.Structured</concept>
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        <weight>There are four weight variables in the data; bv1, bv2, bv3, and bv4. Bv1 is a sampling weight which corrects for the bias caused by the age and gender distribution in the data. Bv2 is an expansion weight that corrects for the same bias as bv1, but it also expands the data to represent the population. Variables bv3 and bv4 correct for the bias caused by age and gender distribution as well as by education level. Similarly to bv1 and bv2, bv3 is a sampling weight and bv4 is an expansion weight.</weight>
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        <respRate>46.3</respRate>
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      <stdyClas type="A">Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. The data are checked and processed in detail. If necessary, the data are anonymised.</stdyClas>
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        <accsPlac URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</accsPlac>
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      <useStmt>
        <restrctn>The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.</restrctn>
        <citReq>The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.</citReq>
        <deposReq>Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.</deposReq>
        <disclaimer>The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.</disclaimer>
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      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Gronow, Jukka, Heikkilä, Riie &amp; Purhonen, Semi (2016). Legitimacy of taste and "good" taste. Teoksessa Kirsti Jõesalu &amp; Anu Kannike (toim.) Cultural Patterns and Life Stories. Tallinn: Tallinn University Press, 393-427.
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      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Heikkilä Riie &amp; Lindblom Taru (2023) Overlaps and accumulations: The anatomy of cultural non-participation in Finland, 2007 to 2018. Journal of Consumer Culture 23(1): 122-145.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Overlaps and accumulations: The anatomy of cultural non-participation in Finland, 2007 to 2018</titl>
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      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Heikkilä Riie, Leguina Adrian &amp; Purhonen Semi (2022) The stratification of media usage in Finland, 2007-2018: Signs of socio-political polarization? New Media &amp; Society 24(5): 1053-1075.
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          <titlStmt>
            <titl>The stratification of media usage in Finland, 2007-2018: Signs of socio-political polarization?</titl>
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          <holdings URI="https://doi.org/10.1177/146144482097161" />
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      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Heikkilä, Riie (2016). Suomalainen kulttuuriosallistuminen ja eriarvoisuus: ei-osallistujien jäljillä. Kulttuuripolitiikan tutkimuksen vuosikirja 2, 6-19.
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            <titl>Suomalainen kulttuuriosallistuminen ja eriarvoisuus: ei-osallistujien jäljillä</titl>
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      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Homi, H., Kinnunen, M., &amp; Honkanen, A. (2021). Minä ihailen muusikkoa nimeltä Billie Eilish: Digitalisaation aiheuttamat muutokset 15-29-vuotiaiden musiikin kulutuksessa. Teoksessa M. Salasuo (Toim.), Harrastamisen äärellä. Lasten ja nuorten vapaa-aikatutkimus 2020 (ss. 159-172). Helsinki: Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö, Valtion nuorisoneuvosto &amp; Nuorisotutkimusverkosto. ISBN 978-952-372-020-6
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            <titl>Minä ihailen muusikkoa nimeltä Billie Eilish: Digitalisaation aiheuttamat muutokset 15-29-vuotiaiden musiikin kulutuksessa</titl>
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      <relPubl xml:lang="sv">Järn, Ann-Chanette (2016). Ser du vad där står? Antireklam, visuell läskunnighet och symboliskt ägarskap. Åbo: Åbo Akademi. Konstvetenskap. Pro gradu-avhandling.
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          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Ser du vad där står? Antireklam, visuell läskunnighet och symboliskt ägarskap</titl>
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        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Kahma, Nina &amp; Toikka, Arho (2012). Cultural map of Finland 2007: Analysing cultural differences using Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Cultural Trends 21 (2), 113-131.
        <citation>
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            <titl>Cultural map of Finland 2007: Analysing cultural differences using Multiple Correspondence Analysis.</titl>
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      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Kahma, Nina (2010). Keskiluokan valossa: Suomalaisten luokkasamastuminen empiirisessä tarkastelussa. Sosiologia 47 (2), 81-96.
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            <titl>Keskiluokan valossa: Suomalaisten luokkasamastuminen empiirisessä tarkastelussa</titl>
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        </citation>
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      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Kahma, Nina (2011). Yhteiskuntaluokka ja maku. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto. Sosiaalitieteiden laitoksen julkaisuja 2011:8.
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      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Kahma, Nina (2012). Sport and social class: The case of Finland. International Review for the Sociology of Sport 47 (1), 113-130.
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            <titl>Sport and social class: The case of Finland.</titl>
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        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Kallunki Jarmo (2023) Social and cultural mobility: Rising to the middle class and cultural practices in contemporary Finland. European Sociological Review 39(4): 569-585.
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            <titl>Social and cultural mobility: Rising to the middle class and cultural practices in contemporary Finland</titl>
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      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Kallunki Jarmo (2023) The International Transmission of Socially Stratified Lifestyles. Tampere University Dissertations 802.
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      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Kallunki, Jarmo &amp; Purhonen, Semi (2017). Intergenerational transmission of cultural capital in Finland. Research on Finnish Society. Vol. 10 (2017), pp. 101-111.
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            <titl>Intergenerational transmission of cultural capital in Finland.</titl>
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      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Kallunki, Jarmo (2016). Kulttuuripääoman periytyminen Suomessa 2000-luvulla: vanhempien koulutuksen ja korkeakulttuurisen kiinnostuksen yhteys lapsen koulutukseen ja kulttuuriseen harrastuneisuuteen. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto. Sosiologian pro gradu -tutkielma.
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            <titl>Kulttuuripääoman periytyminen Suomessa 2000-luvulla: vanhempien koulutuksen ja korkeakulttuurisen kiinnostuksen yhteys lapsen koulutukseen ja kulttuuriseen harrastuneisuuteen</titl>
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      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Kääriälä, Antti (2012). Kulttuurista homologiaa etsimässä: tutkimus makumieltymysten johdonmukaisuudesta ja ristiriitaisuudesta musiikin, kirjallisuuden, ruoan ja television kentillä. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto. Sosiologian pro gradu -tutkielma.
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      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Laihiala, Tuomo (2009). Toinen sukupuoli kulttuurin kuluttajana: Miestapainen kulttuurimaku Suomessa. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto. Sosiaalipolitiikan pro gradu -tutkielma
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      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Lindblom Taru (2022) Growing openness or creeping intolerance? Cultural taste orientations and tolerant social attitudes in Finland, 2007-2018. Poetics 93, Part B, 101663.
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