Aineiston nimi

Citizen Deliberation on Immigration: Survey Data 2012

Aineiston rinnakkainen nimi

Deliberation Across Enclaves 2012

Aineistonumero

FSD2958

Pysyvä tunniste

urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2958

Aineiston laatu

Kvantitatiivinen aineisto

Tekijät

• Grönlund, Kimmo (Åbo Akademi University. Social Science Research Institute)

Sisällön kuvaus

The data contain the responses to five surveys conducted in connection with citizen forum organised by the Social Science Research Institute at Åbo Akademi University and funded by the Academy of Finland. The Deliberation across enclaves was an experiment on democratic deliberation, which culminated in two deliberation days organised in Turku, Finland. The aim of the research project was to study the impact of deliberation on the participants' attitudes, especially in relation to immigration.

Based on the first survey, the respondents were divided into groups, or enclaves, of people who had either positive or negative attitudes towards immigration. In the deliberation event, some participants were in groups with others of the same opinion, while some were in groups with both opinions. The aim was to compare the changes in opinions depending on group composition. Because of the research setting, the participants did not receive information about the differing composition of the groups during deliberation, but were told about the premiss, implementation, and preliminary results of the study in a debriefing event after the deliberation.

On the first collection round (questionnaire A), the respondents were asked their opinions on immigration and presented with statements relating to immigration (e.g. "It is beneficial for the Finnish economy that people move here from other countries").

The second collection round (questionnaire B) charted interest and participation in political discussions, satisfaction with Finnish immigration policy, views on politics and democracy, civic engangement, and trust in various institutions, people in general and different ethnic groups. The respondents were asked the extent to which they agreed with several statements about immigration and discussion about it, Finnish policies of accepting people from abroad, and Finland's involvement in world politics. Significance of various features and skills in determining whether a person can be considered a Finn was charted (e.g. "Is able to speak Finnish").

On the third round (questionnaire C), factual knowledge was investigated about Finnish immigration policy, immigration in Finland, and Finnish parliament and government. Questions examined knowledge about, among others, the size of the refugee quota, unemployment rate among immigrants, percentage of foreign nationals living Finland convicted of a crime in 2010, and name of the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Most of the questions from the previous rounds were repeated on the fourth round (questionnaire D) in order to study changes in respondent opinions and knowledge. Additionally, a number of statements relating to the group discussions were asked at this point. These questions charted, for instance, whether the respondents felt their opinions on immigration had changed as a result of the discussion, whether their opinions had become more certain, and what their reasons for participating in the discussion were. The final round (questionnaire E) studied the changes in respondent opinions and knowledge by repeating previously asked questions for the second or third time.

Background variables included, among others, the respondent's year of birth, gender, education, marital status, economic activity and occupational status, identification with a political party, membership in organisation or association, religiosity and membership in a religious community as well as annual gross income of the household and number of people in the household.

Asiasanat

deliberation; democracy; immigration; immigration policy; political action; political attitudes; public opinion

Tieteenala/Aihealue

• Social sciences (OKM:n tieteenalaluokitus)
• Cultural and national identity (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Political behaviour and attitudes (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Minorities (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)

Sarja

Individual datasets

Jakelija

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Käyttöoikeudet

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

Kerääjät

• Åbo Akademi University. Social Science Research Institute

Ajallinen kattavuus

2012

Aineistonkeruun ajankohta

2011-12-02 – 2012-04-20

Maa

Finland

Kohdealue

Finland

Havaintoyksikkötyyppi

Individual

Perusjoukko/otos

Finnish or Swedish-speaking persons born in the years 1936-1993 living in Turku region

Tutkimuksen aikaulottuvuus

Cross-section

Otantamenetelmä

Probability: Simple random

The initial short survey was sent to 12,000 randomly sampled adults in the Turku region, out of whom 4,681 persons (39%) responded. The survey consisted of 14 questions whose aim was to measure the respondents’ attitudes on immigration. Respondents with no clear opinion on immigration as well as respondents with extreme opinions were excluded to form enclaves that comprised persons that had clear views on the topic and whose opinion could potentially change.

The second survey and an invitation to take part in the deliberation as well as the separate debriefing event was sent to 2,601 people who qualified as members of either the 'for' or the 'against' enclave. Of these, 805 volunteered and 366 were invited to take part in the deliberation event. The third survey was sent with the invitations.

The number of participants in the deliberation event was ultimately 207 and they responded to additional questions presented in two more surveys. This dataset contains the responses of these 207 participants to all five surveys.

Keruumenetelmä

Self-administered questionnaire: Paper

Keruuväline tai –ohje

Structured questionnaire

Datatiedostojen kieli

Aineistopaketti voi sisältää samoja tiedostoja eri kielisinä.

Aineisto sisältää datatiedostoja seuraavilla kielillä: suomi.

Tietoarkisto kääntää kvantitatiivisia datatiedostoja englanniksi. Lisätietoja käännöspyynnön jättämisestä.

Datan versio

2.0

Aineiston käytössä huomioitavaa

The data were collected by using five different questionnaires (A, B, C, D, and E). The questions are numbered according to the questionnaire they belonged to (A1, A2, ..., B1, B2, ..., C1, C2, ..., etc.). The number of each question can be found at the beginning of the question text in square brackets. The numbers in ordinary brackets that follow refer to the identical question in another questionnaire. For example, '[A1] (d1, e1) Finland needs to accept more immigrants. Do you think this is a good or a bad suggestion?' is the first question in questionnaire A and is also asked as the first question in questionnaires D and E.

The variable BV2 representing respondents' attitudes to immigration was created by combining the variables related to immigration (A1-A14 and D1-D14).

Painokertoimet

There are no weight variables in the data.

Viittausvaatimus

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Malliviittaus

Grönlund, Kimmo (Åbo Akademi University): Citizen Deliberation on Immigration: Survey Data 2012 [dataset]. Version 2.0 (2018-08-20). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2958

Julkaisusta tiedottaminen

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Varaumat

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Julkaisut aineistosta

Karjalainen, Maija & Rapeli, Lauri (2014). Who will not deliberate? Attrition in a multi-stage citizen deliberation experiment. Quality & Quantity 49(1), 407-422.

Grönlund, Kimmo & Herne, Kaisa & Setälä, Maija (2015). Does Enclave Deliberation Polarize Opinions? Political Behavior. December 2015, Volume 37, Issue 4, pp 995-1020. DOI:10.1007/s11109-015-9304-x

Lindell, Marina & Bächtiger, André & Grönlund, Kimmo & Herne, Kaisa & Setälä, Maija & Wyss, Dominik (2016). What Drives the Polarization and Moderation of Opinions? Evidence from a Finnish Citizen Deliberation Experiment on Immigration. Online first European Journal of Political Research. DOI: 10.1111/1475-6765.12162

Christensen, Henrik S., Himmelroos, Staffan & Grönlund, Kimmo (2017). Does Deliberation Breed an Appetite for Discursive Participation? Assessing the Impact of First-Hand Experience. Political Studies 65(1S), pp. 64-83. DOI: 10.1177/0032321715617771

Himmelroos, Staffan; Rapeli, Lauri & Grönlund, Kimmo (2017). Talking with Like-minded People. Equality and Efficacy in Enclave Deliberation. The Social Science Journal 54, pp. 148-158. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2016.10.006