DDI description: Social Distinctions in Modern Russia 1990 DDI-kuvailu: Yhteiskunnalliset erot nyky-Venäjällä 1990 3285 Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Social Science Data Archive 1.0.0 Social Distinctions in Modern Russia 1990 [metadata]. Metadata version 1.0.0 (2020-07-16). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3285; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3285 FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), joiden tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons 1.0 Yleismaailmallinen (CC0 1.0) -lisenssillä. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) are licensed under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) license. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) är licensierade under en Creative Commons 1.0 Universiell (CC0 1.0) licens. Social Distinctions in Modern Russia 1990 Yhteiskunnalliset erot nyky-Venäjällä 1990 3285 urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3285 10.60686/t-fsd3285 Nikula, Jouko 0000-0003-0525-6091 In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor. Finnish Social Science Data Archive Social Distinctions in Modern Russia

The Social Distinctions in Modern Russia surveys chart various issues characterising social differentiation in contemporary Russian society, such as the occupation, social mobility, property and income of the working-age Russian population as well as their attitudes towards civic life, politics, religion and other relevant issues. The surveys in this series have been conducted in 1990, 1998, 2006 and 2015. Additionally, the series includes a dataset that contains combined data from the four surveys. Many questions are repeated in the surveys, although the first datasets differ somewhat from the later datasets. The surveys are targeted at Russian citizens aged over 18.

1.0 Nikula, Jouko (University of Helsinki): Social Distinctions in Modern Russia 1990 [dataset]. Data version 1.0 (2020-07-16). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3285; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3285 educational background family environment family life interpersonal relations labour and employment occupational life political action political attitudes socio-economic status standard of living workers participation Social sciences Economic systems and development Working conditions Language and linguistics Political behaviour and attitudes Political ideology Information technology Equality, inequality and social exclusion Family life and marriage Occupational health Religion and values Housing

This study is part of a survey series that charts various issues characterising social differentiation in contemporary Russian society. The surveys in the series have been conducted in 1990, 1998, 2006 and 2015, facilitating research on temporal change. Social differentiation in this study was mainly considered in terms of occupation, social mobility, property and income, but attitudes, politics and religion were also examined. The study aimed to survey the respondents' conditions in life together with their values in order to examine the interaction between the two.

Most questions in the survey concerned the respondents' working life and the atmosphere of their workplace. Questions focused on, for example, whether the respondents worked for the public or private sector, what kind of company they worked for, what kind of independency and responsibilities the respondents had in their work, whether the respondents were in a decision-making position at work, and what kind of relationship they had with their co-workers. Additionally, the respondents were asked whether they thought their education had provided them with the qualifications needed in their work, whether they attended further training at present, and whether they wanted to continue their studies in the near future and for what reason.

The survey also included questions on the respondents' family, childhood, religiosity, friends, and owned property. The socio-economic status of the respondents' parents, spouse/partner and friends was surveyed, and the respondents were asked whether they owned or would like to own various property and items, such as their own house or car, a washing machine, colour television, and computer. Finally, the respondents' views on the socio-economic status of different occupations and their opinions on state and private ownership as well as some social phenomena were surveyed. The respondents were asked, for example, how much they thought people in different occupations (e.g. teachers, engineers, managers, surgeons) earned on average per month and how much they thought people in these occupations should earn. The examined social phenomena included, for example, what the respondents thought were the reasons for the misery and poverty of people.

Background variables included the sector in which the respondent worked in, the respondent's employment history, status in employment, education, age, marital status, number of children, ages of children, gender and whether they owned various household durable goods.

Russia Russia Individual Individual Russian citizens aged over 18 sparsely populated areas and employees in certain institutions (the armed forces, prisons, highest positions in administration, and hospitals) Quantitative Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Longitudinal.TrendRepeatedCrossSection Chernysh, Mikhail Probability: Stratified: Proportional Probability.Stratified.Proportional Probability: Simple random Probability.SimpleRandom

The sample size was approximately 3,000 respondents. The sample was formed based on the following principles: the sample must allow for a reasonable equilibrium between the costs of the study, the precision of the data and the design of the sample should be clear enough to allow for easy replication in the future, and the sample must be well documented.

The above principles set some constraints on the sample design: sparsely populated areas or areas difficult to access were not included in the sample. Additionally, certain institutions (the armed forces, prisons, highest positions in administration, and hospitals) were not included. The exclusion of this part of the population from the sample led to a smaller proportion of males in the sample, because the majority of employees (over 80%) in these institutions are male.

The interviews were organised through administrative districts (rayons). The population of rayons ranges from 50,000 to 300,000, and there are close to 2,800 rayons in Russia. Rayons can be divided into three types: (1) big city rayons, (2) town and village rayons, (3) urban rayons. The given sample design was based on the data of the 1989 All-Russia Census conducted by the State Committee of Statistics, and the MicroCensus of 1994. It was possible to select the respondents randomly based on electoral areas, for which very in-depth information of the population is available. Big cities (such as Moscow and St. Petersburg) were analysed separately in the sample. In big cities, the sample was generated by a random choice of household telephone numbers. For more information on the formation on the sample, see the background file.

Face-to-face interview: Paper-and-pencil (PAPI) Interview.FaceToFace.PAPI Structured questionnaire Questionnaire.Structured There are no weight variables in the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. The data are checked and processed in detail. If necessary, the data are anonymised. Finnish Social Science Data Archive Some questions regarding job titles and work tasks were removed because of their vagueness (q6, q8, q35, q57, q65_1, q84, q86, q97, q102, q103, q104, q113, q114, q121, q123, q127, q135, q144, q149, q154, q116). Some variables were marked as missing from the data (q171_3, q171_4, q171_5, q171_6, q171_7, q171_8, q171_9, q171_10, q172_1, q172_2, q172_3, q172_4, q172_5, q172_6, q172_7, q172_8, q172_9, q172_10, q173, q174). A few variables were only included in the questionnaire and not in the data (q7, q85). Similarly, a few variables were only included in the data and not in the questionnaire (q22_1, q22_2, q23). Two variables were missing from both the questionnaire and the data (q16, q119). Some variables were only included in the US version of the questionnaire (q18, q19, q87, q88, q94, q95, q108, q109, q131, q139, q164-q170, q181, q182, q183, q184, q185). The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. To prevent identification of respondents, the oldest respondents were combined into one category in variable q78 denoting year of birth. Respondents with a Master's or a doctoral degree were combined into one category with respondents with a higher education degree in variables q63 and q80. The highest numbers of children were combined into one category in variable q99. Changes made at FSD were marked with [square brackets]. Birjukov, Dmitry & Nikula, Jouko (1999). Social distinctions in modern Russia (SDMR). Sample report 1998 Birjukov, Dmitry & Nikula, Jouko (1999). Social distinctions in modern Russia (SDMR). Sample report 1998 Social distinctions in modern Russia (SDMR). Sample report 1998 Social Distinctions in Contemporary Russia. Waiting for the Middle-Class Society? (2020). Eds. Nikula, Jouko & Chernysh, Mikhail. Londin: Routledge. Studies in Contemporary Russia. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003029298 Social Distinctions in Contemporary Russia. Waiting for the Middle-Class Society? 10.4324/9781003029298 daF3285.por 2133 234 SPSS Portable [fsd_no] Aineistonumero (lisätty FSD:ssä) Aineistonumero (lisätty FSD:ssä) 2133 3285 3285 3285.00 .000 [fsd_vr] Aineistoversio (lisätty FSD:ssä) Aineistoversio (lisätty FSD:ssä) 2133 1.0 1.0 1.000 .0000 [fsd_id] Havaintotunnus (lisätty FSD:ssä) Havaintotunnus (lisätty FSD:ssä) 2133 1 2133 1067.00 615.888 [q1] Last week, what did you do primarily: were at work, took care of household, looked for work or do something else? Last week, what did you do primarily: were at work, took care of household, looked for work or do something else? 2115 1 8 2.55 2.406 1 I was at work, at work place 1428 2 I was not at my actual work place, although I have work 45 3 I was not at work, but I looked for work 10 4 I took care of household 80 5 I was attending educational institution 138 6 I was unable to work 83 7 I am retired 306 8 Something else, please specify 25 SYSMISS 18 [q2] Last week, did you have work, but did not attend? Last week, did you have work, but did not attend? 457 1 2 1.75 .432 1 Yes 113 2 No 344 9 1 SYSMISS 1675 [q2_1] Why were you not at work? Why were you not at work? 143 1 6 2.68 2.200 1 I was ill 76 2 I was on vacation 22 3 Because of bad weather 1 4 Because of a strike 0 5 Because of a temporary stoppage or lay-off 4 6 For another reason, please specify 40 SYSMISS 1990 [q3] Did you look for work last week? Did you look for work last week? 291 1 2 1.91 .286 1 Yes 26 2 No 265 9 2 SYSMISS 1840 [q4] If something suitable would come up, would you go to work? If something suitable would come up, would you go to work? 85 1 2 1.45 .500 1 Yes 47 2 No 38 9 3 SYSMISS 2045 [q5_1] How long have you been without work? Years How long have you been without work? Years 315 1 36 8.10 6.559 [q5_2] How long have you been without work? Months How long have you been without work? Months 177 1 12 4.89 2.904 [q10] Do you work in state sector or outside of it? Do you work in state sector or outside of it? 1968 1 4 1.18 .573 1 State-owned company or bureau 1748 2 In a kolkhoz/collective, consumable cooperative 114 3 Outside state sector 71 4 Somewhere else 35 9 3 SYSMISS 162 [q11] What kind of company or work do you have? What kind of company or work do you have? 141 1 5 3.34 1.677 1 Cooperative 42 2 I do private work 4 3 I am in labour hire 10 4 I work based on contracts 34 5 Other 51 9 2 SYSMISS 1990 [q12_1] How many people work regularly in yours and your company or cooperative, not including leaders? Respondent has a private job, private reception, is in the lead of cooperative, works on rent How many people work regularly in yours and your company or cooperative, not including leaders? 79 1 1500 123.18 298.580 [q12_2] How many people work regularly in yours and your company or cooperative, not including leaders? No employees Respondent has a private job, private reception, is in the lead of cooperative, works on rent How many people work regularly in yours and your company or cooperative, not including leaders? No employees 5 2 2 2.00 .000 2 No employees 5 SYSMISS 2128 [q13_1] How long have you done such activity? Years How long have you done such activity? Years 61 1 44 8.85 11.505 [q13_2] How long have you done such activity? Months How long have you done such activity? Months 36 1 12 5.67 3.162 [q14] Imagine people who work at the same company and do similar work as you. How many of them will get a promotion sooner or later, or get a work or a function with more power or responsibility? Imagine people who work at the same company and do similar work as you. How many of them will get a promotion sooner or later, or get a work or a function with more power or responsibility - all, around half of employees, around fourth of employees, less than fourth, no one? 1712 1 5 4.11 1.041 1 Almost all 63 2 Around half 98 3 Around fourth 175 4 Less than fourth 635 5 No one 741 9 219 SYSMISS 202 [q15] Have you got a promotion, or work or function with more power or responsibility, after you have started to work at your current work place? Have you got a promotion, or work or function with more power or responsibility, after you have started to work at your current work place? 1728 1 2 1.67 .470 1 Yes 569 2 No, I remain on the same level 1159 9 202 SYSMISS 203 [q17_1] How these claims fit in your current (most recent) work place: When you do work well, you get better salary The amount of salary is formed in various ways. I will make claims, and you should tell how they fit in your current (most recent) work place: When you do work well, you get better salary 1666 1 4 2.60 1.331 1 Yes 574 2 More yes than no 218 3 More no than yes 172 4 No 702 9 252 SYSMISS 215 [q17_2] How these claims fit in your current (most recent) work place: In your work you get a promotion according to years in the work The amount of salary is formed in various ways. I will make claims, and you should tell how they fit in your current (most recent) work place: In your work you get a promotion according to years in the work 1643 1 4 2.74 1.318 1 Yes 491 2 More yes than no 219 3 More no than yes 155 4 No 778 9 264 SYSMISS 226 [q17_3] How these claims fit in your current (most recent) work place: In your work you get a pay raise after completing qualification raise course, middle or higher education The amount of salary is formed in various ways. I will make claims, and you should tell how they fit in your current (most recent) work place: In your work you get a pay raise after completing qualification raise course, middle or higher education 1623 1 4 2.61 1.337 1 Yes 556 2 More yes than no 225 3 More no than yes 142 4 No 700 9 289 SYSMISS 221 [q17_4] How these claims fit in your current (most recent) work place: Getting a pay raise requires good relations with the leaders The amount of salary is formed in various ways. I will make claims, and you should tell how they fit in your current (most recent) work place: Getting a pay raise requires good relations with the leaders 1619 1 4 3.17 1.123 1 Yes 220 2 More yes than no 245 3 More no than yes 191 4 No 963 9 285 SYSMISS 229 [q17_5] How these claims fit in your current (most recent) work place: In my work place the pay rises when life gets more expensive The amount of salary is formed in various ways. I will make claims, and you should tell how they fit in your current (most recent) work place: In my work place the pay rises when life gets more expensive 1633 1 4 3.35 1.073 1 Yes 204 2 More yes than no 140 3 More no than yes 162 4 No 1127 9 274 SYSMISS 226 [q20_1] How many people by estimate work in your companies or bureaus? How many people by estimate work in your companies or bureaus? We are not interested in the people working in your department but the whole organization or company altogether 1094 1 9000 697.23 1446.589 [q20_2] How many people by estimate work in your companies or bureaus? I don't know How many people by estimate work in your companies or bureaus? We are not interested in the people working in your department but the whole organization or company altogether I don't know 757 2 2 2.00 .000 2 I don't know 757 9 2 SYSMISS 1374 [q21] How many according to your estimation? How many according to your estimation? 1051 1 5 3.08 1.000 1 1-10 31 2 11-100 287 3 101-1000 401 4 1001-10 000 227 5 Over 10 000 105 9 27 SYSMISS 1055 [q22_1] At your work place at state sector: number of people immediately at the same place At your work place at state sector: number of people immediately at the same place 1663 1 600 13.35 37.261 [q22_2] At your work place at state sector: number of people immediately at the same place, don't know At your work place at state sector: number of people immediately at the same place, don't know 2119 0 2 .21 .608 [q23] How many by estimate at the immediate work place How many by estimate at the immediate work place 398 1 3 1.55 .644 1 1-10 213 2 11-100 152 3 101-1000 33 4 1001-10 000 0 5 Over 10 000 0 9 61 SYSMISS 1674 [q24_1] When did you start to work in the company or bureau where you are currently working? In the year When did you start to work in the company or bureau where you are currently working? In the year 1927 1927 1991 1977.65 12.200 [q24_2] When did you start to work in the company or bureau where you are currently working? If you have worked less than a year, in which month? When did you start to work in the company or bureau where you are currently working? If you have worked less than a year, in which month? 188 1 12 6.53 3.686 [q25_1] When did you start to work in the position where you are now? Year When did you start to work in the position where you are now? Year 1895 1927 1991 1979.99 11.355 [q25_2] When did you start to work in the position where you are now? If you have been in your position for less than a year, which month? When did you start to work in the position where you are now? If you have been in your position for less than a year, which month? 280 1 12 6.57 3.722 [q26_1] Do you think that people can decide independently about following things? Can you decide yourself when you leave work? Do you think that people in your position and doing similar work can decide independently about following things? Here we are not interested in how things should be, but how they are in reality: Can you decide yourself when you leave work? 1946 1 3 2.00 .688 1 I decide myself 463 2 Others decide 1024 3 Partly myself and partly others 459 9 43 SYSMISS 144 [q26_2] Do you think that people can decide independently about following things? Can you with a permission get a day off without losing salary, but not with a medical certificate or for the price of a future holiday? Do you think that people in your position and doing similar work can decide independently about following things? Here we are not interested in how things should be, but how they are in reality: Can you with a permission get a day off without losing salary, but not with a medical certificate or for the price of a future holiday? 1932 1 3 1.99 .730 1 I decide myself 527 2 Others decide 904 3 Partly myself and partly others 501 9 51 SYSMISS 150 [q26_3] Do you think that people can decide independently about following things? If needed, can you slow down your work pace for one day? Do you think that people in your position and doing similar work can decide independently about following things? Here we are not interested in how things should be, but how they are in reality: If needed, can you slow down your work pace for one day? 1921 1 3 1.62 .720 1 I decide myself 1007 2 Others decide 644 3 Partly myself and partly others 270 9 57 SYSMISS 155 [q26_4] Do you think that people can decide independently about following things? Can you decide yourself when you start a new kind of work or start to work with the next deed? Do you think that people in your position and doing similar work can decide independently about following things? Here we are not interested in how things should be, but how they are in reality: Can you decide yourself when you start a new kind of work or start to work with the next deed? 1931 1 3 1.71 .744 1 I decide myself 895 2 Others decide 700 3 Partly myself and partly others 336 9 53 SYSMISS 149 [q27] To what extent can your leader control your work? To what extent can your leader control your work? Easily, relatively easily, relatively difficultly or extremely difficultly? 1961 1 4 1.73 .863 1 Easily 977 2 Relatively easily 617 3 Relatively difficultly 282 4 Extremely difficultly 85 9 28 SYSMISS 144 [q28] How often is your work checked? How often is your work checked? 1953 1 6 3.33 1.617 1 Never 226 2 Less than once a week 605 3 Once a week 259 4 Few times a week 226 5 Once a day 429 6 More than once a day 208 9 32 SYSMISS 148 [q29] Is managing others or commanding your coworkers to certain tasks an official part of your functions? Is managing others or commanding your coworkers to certain tasks an official part of your functions? 1967 1 2 1.74 .439 1 Yes 513 2 No 1454 9 20 SYSMISS 146 [q30] When did you get to work where you have subordinates? When did you get to work where you have subordinates? 516 1939 1991 1979.05 11.040 [q31] How many people are under your direct management? How many people are under your direct management? 511 1 700 24.37 52.102 [q32] How many of them are women? How many of them are women? 424 1 310 14.29 27.640 [q33] Do your subordinates have their own subordinates? Do your subordinates have their own subordinates? 514 1 2 1.70 .460 1 Yes 156 2 No 358 9 14 SYSMISS 1605 [q34_1] Do your responsibilities include defining your coworkers' productive assignments and assigning them for specific tasks? Do your responsibilities include defining your coworkers' productive assignments and assigning them for specific tasks? 545 1 2 1.17 .375 1 Yes 453 2 No 92 9 11 SYSMISS 1577 [q34_2] Do your responsibilities include defining work plan and choosing the equipment or materials used by your coworkers? Do your responsibilities include defining work plan and choosing the equipment or materials used by your coworkers? 536 1 2 1.32 .467 1 Yes 364 2 No 172 9 16 SYSMISS 1581 [q34_3] Do your responsibilities include deciding how much your subordinates will work? Do your responsibilities include deciding how much your subordinates will work? 541 1 2 1.16 .369 1 Yes 453 2 No 88 9 15 SYSMISS 1577 [q36] Can you influence decisions concerning the pay raise or promotion of your subordinates? Can you influence decisions concerning the pay raise or promotion of your subordinates? 864 1 2 1.61 .488 1 Yes 335 2 No, I don't have power in these questions 529 9 22 SYSMISS 1247 [q37] Who has the greatest power in this question - you or the manager above you? Who has the greatest power in this question - you or the manager above you? 442 1 3 1.96 .562 1 I have the greatest power 78 2 The manager above 302 3 Both equally 62 9 23 SYSMISS 1668 [q38] If you should choose, which would you say has more power? If you should choose, which would you say has more power? 241 1 2 1.72 .451 1 Me 68 2 The manager above 173 9 18 SYSMISS 1874 [q39] In your current position, can you punish someone independently or through upper administration? In your current position, can you punish someone independently or through upper administration? 831 1 2 1.52 .500 1 Yes 395 2 No 436 9 26 SYSMISS 1276 [q40] Which has more power in these questions - you or the administration above? Which has more power in these questions - you or the administration above? 471 1 3 1.83 .654 1 Me 146 2 Upper administration 257 3 Both equally 68 9 24 SYSMISS 1638 [q41] If you had to choose, which one would you say has more power? If you had to choose, which one would you say has more power? 250 1 2 1.70 .457 1 Me 74 2 Upper administration 176 9 19 SYSMISS 1864 [q42] Remember your former work places. Did you at some point have subordinates or did you have to define work or production deeds to your coworkers? Remember your former work places. Did you at some point have subordinates or did you have to define work or production deeds to your coworkers? 1934 1 3 1.80 .576 1 Yes 554 2 No 1214 3 I have never been at work 166 9 29 SYSMISS 170 [q43_1] When did you last have such a position? Year When did you last have such a position? Year 535 1932 1991 1981.43 9.886 [q43_2] When did you last have such a position? Month When did you last have such a position? Month 362 1 12 6.33 3.380 [q44] Have you sometimes worked privately, outside of state sector and without an employer? Have you sometimes worked privately, outside of state sector and without an employer? 1900 1 2 1.96 .204 1 Yes 83 2 No 1817 9 23 SYSMISS 210 [q45_1] When did you quit the job? Year When did you quit the job? Year 87 1945 1991 1982.83 9.276 [q45_2] When did you quit the job? Month When did you quit the job? Month 64 1 12 6.64 3.031 [q46] Have you sometimes wanted to work privately, do own work? Have you sometimes wanted to work privately, do own work? 1979 1 3 1.84 .774 1 Yes 778 2 No 743 3 Can't tell 458 9 17 SYSMISS 137 [q47] Do you think that you will sometimes work independently doing your own work? Do you think that you will sometimes work independently doing your own work? (Means work without employer and manager) The next question concerns how your work place resolves productive questions. 1522 1 4 2.97 .850 1 Yes, surely 113 2 Quite sure 235 3 Quite sure not 760 4 Surely not 414 9 24 SYSMISS 587 [q48] Do you personally take part in the decision-making on reducing or increasing your work place's labour force? Do you personally take part in the decision-making on reducing or increasing your work place's labour force? 1973 1 3 1.95 .588 1 Yes 391 2 No 1287 3 Does not concern me 295 9 20 SYSMISS 140 [q49] In what ways? In what ways? 423 1 2 1.52 .500 1 I directly take part in the decision-making 201 2 I only take part in the conversation on the decisions 222 9 16 SYSMISS 1694 [q50] Do you take part in decisions that relevantly change the production amount, plan or assistance service work? Do you take part in decisions that relevantly change the production amount, plan or assistance service work? 1950 1 3 1.99 .682 1 Yes 468 2 No 1043 3 This does not concern me 439 9 28 SYSMISS 155 [q51] In what ways? In what ways? 493 1 2 1.44 .496 1 I directly take part in the decision-making 278 2 I only take part in the conversation on the decisions 215 9 25 SYSMISS 1615 [q52] Do you take part in the decisions that relevantly change the basic work methods used in your company? Do you take part in the decisions that relevantly change the basic work methods used in your company? 1950 1 3 1.89 .689 1 Yes 578 2 No 1003 3 Does not concern me 369 9 30 SYSMISS 153 [q53] In what ways? In what ways? 599 1 2 1.52 .500 1 I directly take part in the decision-making 287 2 I only take part in the conversation on the decisions 312 9 27 SYSMISS 1507 [q54] Do you take part in the decision on distributing monetary funds in your organisation's common budget? Do you take part in the decision on distributing monetary funds in your organisation's common budget? 1966 1 3 2.00 .559 1 Yes 303 2 No 1352 3 Does not concern me 311 9 25 SYSMISS 142 [q55] In what ways? In what ways? 322 1 2 1.50 .501 1 I directly take part in the decision-making 160 2 I only take part in the conversation on the decisions 162 9 19 SYSMISS 1792 [q56] At your work place, do you take part in other decisions that are important regarding the whole organization or company? At your work place, do you take part in other decisions that are important regarding the whole organization or company? 1960 1 3 1.82 .592 1 Yes 552 2 No 1209 3 Does not concern me 199 9 26 SYSMISS 147 [q58] In what ways? In what ways? 545 1 2 1.43 .496 1 I directly take part in the decision-making 309 2 I only take part in the conversation on the decisions 236 9 22 SYSMISS 1566 [q59] Imagine a service ladder with six steps. On the first step is the manager of your organization or company, on the sixth step is a regular employee without subordinates. Which step are you on? Imagine a service ladder with six steps. On the first step is the manager of your organization or company, on the sixth step is a regular employee without subordinates. Which step are you on? 1965 1 6 5.34 1.196 1 Company manager 38 2 Below company manager, but above productive department's supervisor 61 3 Manager of a big productive department 105 4 Below work department's manager, but above the manager of the lowest level 124 5 Manager of the lowest level 298 6 Regular worker, employee 1339 9 17 SYSMISS 151 [q60] Which of the following categories describes best your position? Which of the following categories describes best your position? 1957 1 3 2.67 .560 1 Managing managers 90 2 Managing employees 471 3 Not in a manager position 1396 9 18 SYSMISS 158 [q61] How would you define this management level - is it the highest of all, main management, middle level or lowest level management? How would you define this management level - is it the highest of all, main management, middle level or lowest level management? 735 1 4 3.21 .833 1 Highest 37 2 Main management 82 3 Middle level 303 4 Lowest level 313 9 18 SYSMISS 1380 [q62] Define on a 1-5 scale how much your current work pleases you Define on a 1-5 scale how much your current work pleases you Now a few questions about your professional training. 1969 1 5 3.85 .997 1 I hate my work 61 2 2 89 3 3 516 4 4 722 5 I like my work very much 581 9 24 SYSMISS 140 [q63] First tell, what kind of education you have First tell, what kind of education you have 2117 1 8 5.49 2.065 1 No education 25 2 Lower than incompleted middle level education (less than 7-8 grades) 201 3 Incompleted middle level education (8-9 grades) 167 4 General middle level education (10 grades) 375 5 Middle level vocational education (vocational school, factory school) 212 6 Middle level special education (teknikum) 445 7 Incompleted higher education (at least three years of institution or university) 80 8 Higher education 612 99 5 SYSMISS 11 [q64] Have you received a vocational/professional training for your current work? Have you received a vocational/professional training for your current work? 2049 1 2 1.29 .455 1 Yes 1451 2 No 598 9 16 SYSMISS 68 [q65] Where did you receive such a training? Where did you receive such a training? 1160 1 8 4.18 2.147 1 At work 244 2 At company's productive education network 119 3 At middle school 23 4 At vocational school 147 5 At teknikum 195 6 At university or institute 316 7 Other place (where) 90 8 I have not received vocational training 26 9 13 SYSMISS 960 [q66] Do you have a diploma or another official certificate, which confirms that you have a qualification for working in your current position? Do you have a diploma or another official certificate, which confirms that you have a qualification for working in your current position? 1641 1 3 1.29 .554 1 Yes 1251 2 No 307 3 Hard to say 83 9 22 SYSMISS 470 [q67] Does your education account for the qualification that is necessary for effectively doing your work? Does your education account for the qualification that is necessary for effectively doing your work? Is it higher, lower or equivalent to the necessary level? 2002 1 4 2.15 .731 1 My qualification is significantly higher than necessary 249 2 My qualification is equivalent to the level of my work 1362 3 My qualification is lower than necessary for successfully doing my work 233 4 My qualification does not have anything to do with my work 158 9 38 SYSMISS 93 [q68] Are you currently attending further training? Are you currently attending further training? 2028 1 2 1.80 .399 1 Yes 402 2 No 1626 9 33 SYSMISS 72 [q69] Will you raise your qualification or continue studying in the future? Will you raise your qualification or continue studying in the future? 2062 1 4 2.98 1.140 1 Definitely 332 2 Most likely 365 3 Most likely not 379 4 I will not 986 9 28 SYSMISS 43 [q70_1] If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? Because you would have a diploma and qualification, that are necessary for the work you already are doing If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? Because you would have a diploma and qualification, that are necessary for the work you already are doing Interviewer: read the options for the respondent. Mark the ones the respondent chooses. 794 1 10 4.36 2.842 1 Because you would have a diploma and qualification 138 2 Because within time it's increasingly difficult to cope with the demands of the modern technology 174 3 Because management demands it 26 4 Because you could talk about productions questions more professionally 108 5 So that you would receive a more important job 137 6 So that you would get a higher position 28 7 So that you would raise your recognition within your coworkers, friends and family 10 8 So that you would raise the level of your civilization, which is needed in raising children 22 9 So that you could earn more and raise your material wellbeing 144 10 Another reason, please tell 7 99 6 SYSMISS 1333 [q70_2] If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? Because within time it's increasingly difficult to cope with the demands of the modern technology If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? Because within time it's increasingly difficult to cope with the demands of the modern technology Interviewer: read the options for the respondent. Mark the ones the respondent chooses. 263 2 10 5.83 2.464 1 Because you would have a diploma and qualification 0 2 Because within time it's increasingly difficult to cope with the demands of the modern technology 34 3 Because management demands it 12 4 Because you could talk about productions questions more professionally 46 5 So that you would receive a more important job 43 6 So that you would get a higher position 22 7 So that you would raise your recognition within your coworkers, friends and family 16 8 So that you would raise the level of your civilization, which is needed in raising children 27 9 So that you could earn more and raise your material wellbeing 59 10 Another reason, please tell 4 SYSMISS 1870 [q70_3] If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? Because management demands it If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? Because management demands it Interviewer: read the options for the respondent. Mark the ones the respondent chooses. 140 3 9 7.27 1.900 1 Because you would have a diploma and qualification 0 2 Because within time it's increasingly difficult to cope with the demands of the modern technology 0 3 Because management demands it 3 4 Because you could talk about productions questions more professionally 12 5 So that you would receive a more important job 19 6 So that you would get a higher position 15 7 So that you would raise your recognition within your coworkers, friends and family 15 8 So that you would raise the level of your civilization, which is needed in raising children 13 9 So that you could earn more and raise your material wellbeing 63 10 Another reason, please tell 0 SYSMISS 1993 [q70_4] If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? Because you could talk about production questions more professionally If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? Because you could talk about production questions more professionally Interviewer: read the options for the respondent. Mark the ones the respondent chooses. 72 4 10 7.25 1.934 1 Because you would have a diploma and qualification 0 2 Because within time it's increasingly difficult to cope with the demands of the modern technology 0 3 Because management demands it 0 4 Because you could talk about productions questions more professionally 12 5 So that you would receive a more important job 6 6 So that you would get a higher position 5 7 So that you would raise your recognition within your coworkers, friends and family 8 8 So that you would raise the level of your civilization, which is needed in raising children 12 9 So that you could earn more and raise your material wellbeing 28 10 Another reason, please tell 1 SYSMISS 2061 [q70_5] If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? So that you would receive a more important job If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? So that you would receive a more important job Interviewer: read the options for the respondent. Mark the ones the respondent chooses. 40 5 9 7.45 1.811 1 Because you would have a diploma and qualification 0 2 Because within time it's increasingly difficult to cope with the demands of the modern technology 0 3 Because management demands it 0 4 Because you could talk about productions questions more professionally 0 5 So that you would receive a more important job 12 6 So that you would get a higher position 2 7 So that you would raise your recognition within your coworkers, friends and family 3 8 So that you would raise the level of your civilization, which is needed in raising children 2 9 So that you could earn more and raise your material wellbeing 21 10 Another reason, please tell 0 SYSMISS 2093 [q70_6] If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? So that you would get a higher position If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? So that you would get a higher position Interviewer: read the options for the respondent. Mark the ones the respondent chooses. 11 6 9 7.45 1.128 1 Because you would have a diploma and qualification 0 2 Because within time it's increasingly difficult to cope with the demands of the modern technology 0 3 Because management demands it 0 4 Because you could talk about productions questions more professionally 0 5 So that you would receive a more important job 0 6 So that you would get a higher position 3 7 So that you would raise your recognition within your coworkers, friends and family 2 8 So that you would raise the level of your civilization, which is needed in raising children 4 9 So that you could earn more and raise your material wellbeing 2 10 Another reason, please tell 0 SYSMISS 2122 [q70_7] If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? So that you would raise your recognition within your coworkers, friends and family If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? So that you would raise your recognition within your coworkers, friends and family Interviewer: read the options for the respondent. Mark the ones the respondent chooses. 10 7 9 7.90 .994 1 Because you would have a diploma and qualification 0 2 Because within time it's increasingly difficult to cope with the demands of the modern technology 0 3 Because management demands it 0 4 Because you could talk about productions questions more professionally 0 5 So that you would receive a more important job 0 6 So that you would get a higher position 0 7 So that you would raise your recognition within your coworkers, friends and family 5 8 So that you would raise the level of your civilization, which is needed in raising children 1 9 So that you could earn more and raise your material wellbeing 4 10 Another reason, please tell 0 SYSMISS 2123 [q70_8] If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? So that you would raise the level of your civilization, which is needed in raising children If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? So that you would raise the level of your civilization, which is needed in raising children Interviewer: read the options for the respondent. Mark the ones the respondent chooses. 5 8 9 8.20 .447 1 Because you would have a diploma and qualification 0 2 Because within time it's increasingly difficult to cope with the demands of the modern technology 0 3 Because management demands it 0 4 Because you could talk about productions questions more professionally 0 5 So that you would receive a more important job 0 6 So that you would get a higher position 0 7 So that you would raise your recognition within your coworkers, friends and family 0 8 So that you would raise the level of your civilization, which is needed in raising children 4 9 So that you could earn more and raise your material wellbeing 1 10 Another reason, please tell 0 SYSMISS 2128 [q70_9] If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? So that you could earn more and raise your material wellbeing If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? So that you could earn more and raise your material wellbeing Interviewer: read the options for the respondent. Mark the ones the respondent chooses. 19 9 9 9.00 .000 1 Because you would have a diploma and qualification 0 2 Because within time it's increasingly difficult to cope with the demands of the modern technology 0 3 Because management demands it 0 4 Because you could talk about productions questions more professionally 0 5 So that you would receive a more important job 0 6 So that you would get a higher position 0 7 So that you would raise your recognition within your coworkers, friends and family 0 8 So that you would raise the level of your civilization, which is needed in raising children 0 9 So that you could earn more and raise your material wellbeing 19 10 Another reason, please tell 0 SYSMISS 2114 [q70_10] If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? Another reason, please tell If you will continue your studies, is it included in your near future plans? Why will you do so? Another reason, please tell Now a few questions about possible conflict situations at work place. When answering, please try to imagine the concrete place where you currently work. Interviewer: read the options for the respondent. Mark the ones the respondent chooses. 1 2 2 2.00 . 1 Because you would have a diploma and qualification 0 2 Because within time it's increasingly difficult to cope with the demands of the modern technology 1 3 Because management demands it 0 4 Because you could talk about productions questions more professionally 0 5 So that you would receive a more important job 0 6 So that you would get a higher position 0 7 So that you would raise your recognition within your coworkers, friends and family 0 8 So that you would raise the level of your civilization, which is needed in raising children 0 9 So that you could earn more and raise your material wellbeing 0 10 Another reason, please tell 0 SYSMISS 2132 [q71] Imagine that a worker is laid off with unjust reasons. How likely is that his/her coworkers will do an active protest against such action? Imagine that a worker is laid off with unjust reasons. How likely is that his/her coworkers will do an active protest against such action? 2037 1 5 2.17 1.047 1 Of course they will 633 2 Possibly will 711 3 Doubt they would 440 4 Will not 211 5 There are no other workers, I don't work in a collective 42 9 41 SYSMISS 55 [q72] Imagine that the superior has unjustly punished a subordinate. How likely is that other workers would do an active protest against such action Imagine that the superior has unjustly punished a subordinate. How likely is that other workers would do an active protest against such action 2037 1 5 2.26 1.040 1 Of course they will 545 2 Possibly will 738 3 Doubt they would 483 4 Will not 226 5 There are no other workers, I don't work in a collective 45 9 44 SYSMISS 52 [q73] Imagine that other workers notice someone being guilty of a small stealing from the company. How likely is that they will report that to superiors? Imagine that other workers notice someone being guilty of a small stealing from the company. How likely is that they will report that to superiors? 2002 1 5 2.55 1.076 1 Of course they will 395 2 Possibly will 571 3 Doubt they would 622 4 Will not 363 5 There are no other workers, I don't work in a collective 51 9 66 SYSMISS 65 [q74] How likely will they try to make him/her to stop? How likely will they try to make him/her to stop? The following questions will be about your socializing with other people 2001 1 5 2.56 1.054 1 Of course they will 362 2 Possibly will 614 3 Doubt they would 624 4 Will not 350 5 There are no other workers, I don't work in a collective 51 9 67 SYSMISS 65 [q75] Are there many people living as your neighbors or suburb (less than 10 minutes' walk) who work at the same work place? Are there many people living as your neighbors or suburb (less than 10 minutes' walk) who work at the same work place? A lot, a few or none? 1954 1 3 2.04 .735 1 A lot 487 2 Few 896 3 None 571 9 37 SYSMISS 142 [q76] How often do you spend your free time (not lunch or smoke breaks) with your coworkers? How often do you spend your free time (not lunch or smoke breaks) with your coworkers? 2035 1 5 3.31 1.222 1 Once a week 214 2 Two or three times a week 204 3 A few times a year 809 4 Less than a few times a year 353 5 Never 455 9 38 SYSMISS 60 [q77] A few questions about your friend at your work. Which of the following fits best? A few questions about your friend at your work. Which of the following fits best? Now a few questions about your family 2020 1 4 2.21 .879 1 I have close friends at work 508 2 I have friends at work, but I don't consider them close 675 3 I have no friends at work, only acquaintances 734 4 I have no friends or acquaintances at work 103 9 51 SYSMISS 62 [q78] Which year were you born in? Which year were you born in? 2130 1920 1976 1949.34 15.055 [q79] Are you married, living in cohabitation, divorced, married but living separated, or have you never been married? Are you married, living in cohabitation, divorced, married but living separated, or have you never been married? 2124 1 6 2.28 1.915 1 Married 1374 2 Living in cohabitation 35 3 Widow/widower 173 4 Divorced 181 5 Married but living separated 14 6 I have never been married 347 9 1 SYSMISS 8 [q80] What kind of education does your spouse or partner have? What kind of education does your spouse or partner have? 1428 1 8 5.57 2.033 1 No education 13 2 Lower than incompleted middle level education (less than 7-8 grades) 130 3 Incompleted middle level education (8-9 grades) 99 4 General middle level education (10 grades) 242 5 Middle level vocational education (vocational school, factory school) 146 6 Middle level special education (teknikum) 332 7 Incompleted higher education (at least three years of institution or university) 37 8 Higher education 429 99 1 SYSMISS 704 [q81] Does your spouse work? Does your spouse work? 1412 1 2 1.19 .395 1 Yes 1139 2 No 273 SYSMISS 721 [q82] Would he/she like to find work? Would he/she like to find work? 297 1 2 1.75 .433 1 Yes 74 2 No 223 9 1 SYSMISS 1835 [q83] Has your partner sometimes been at work? Has your partner sometimes been at work? 240 1 2 1.11 .311 1 Yes 214 2 No 26 SYSMISS 1893 [q89] Does your partner work in state sector or outside of it? Does your partner work in state sector or outside of it? 1275 1 4 1.14 .493 1 State-owned company or bureau 1165 2 In a kolkhoz/collective, consumable cooperative 57 3 Outside public sector (state sector) 40 4 Somewhere else 13 9 8 SYSMISS 850 [q90] What is your partner's company or work like? What is your partner's company or work like? 124 1 5 3.45 1.558 1 Cooperative 31 2 Private activity, farm household 3 3 Labour hire 7 4 Work based on contracts 45 5 Something else (specify) 38 9 9 SYSMISS 2000 [q91] What is your partner's involvement in cooperative? What is your partner's involvement in cooperative? 60 1 2 1.55 .502 1 Member of cooperative 27 2 Paid employee 33 9 7 SYSMISS 2066 [q92] Is your partner in a managing position? Is your partner in a managing position? 1192 1 2 1.77 .420 1 Yes 272 2 No 920 9 15 SYSMISS 926 [q93] Which management category? Which management category? 955 1 3 2.67 .553 1 Managers' superior 40 2 Employees' superior 237 3 Not in managing position 678 9 13 SYSMISS 1165 [q96] Does your partner have other income sources besides main work? Does your partner have other income sources besides main work? 1296 1 2 1.85 .357 1 Yes 194 2 No 1102 9 6 SYSMISS 831 [q98] Do you have kids? Do you have kids? 2073 1 2 1.24 .426 1 Yes 1580 2 No 493 9 1 SYSMISS 59 [q99] How many kids? How many kids? 1612 1 5 1.80 .785 1 596 2 804 3 165 4 26 5 5 or more 21 SYSMISS 521 [q100] How many of the kids live with you? How many of the kids live with you? 1231 1 5 1.51 .613 [q101_1] What age are they? 1. child What age are they? 1. child 1572 1 70 19.25 12.722 [q101_2] What age are they? 2. child What age are they? 2. child 977 1 68 18.49 12.379 [q101_3] What age are they? 3. child What age are they? 3. child 189 1 64 21.69 13.902 [q101_4] What age are they? 4. child What age are they? 4. child 40 4 62 28.23 13.379 [q101_5] What age are they? 5. child What age are they? 5. child 19 5 62 32.26 11.855 [q105] Did he/she work in the state sector or outside? Did he/she work in the state sector or outside? 2035 1 2 1.12 .331 1 State sector 1781 2 Outside state sector 254 9 15 SYSMISS 83 [q106] What was the company or work like? What was the company or work like? 248 1 5 3.43 1.675 1 Cooperative 66 2 Private activity 19 3 Labour hire 4 4 Work based on contracts 60 5 Something else (specify) 99 9 12 SYSMISS 1873 [q107] What was their involvement in the cooperative - organisator or paid employee? What was their involvement in the cooperative - organisator or paid employee? Interviewer, note! If respondent named mother in the past questions, move on to question 115 102 1 2 1.84 .365 1 Organisator 16 2 Paid employee 86 9 11 SYSMISS 2020 [q110] Is the person in a managing position? Is the person in a managing position? 1729 1 2 1.74 .439 1 Yes 449 2 No 1280 9 31 SYSMISS 373 [q111] Which management category? Which management category? 1362 1 3 2.59 .616 1 Managers' superior 94 2 Employees' superior 366 3 Not in managing position 902 9 27 SYSMISS 744 [q112] Did your mother work when you were a child? From birth to age 16 Did your mother work when you were a child? From birth to age 16 1842 1 2 1.17 .377 1 Yes 1526 2 No 316 9 32 SYSMISS 259 [q115] What kind of education did your father have? Meaning the highest level What kind of education did your father have? Meaning the highest level 2017 1 10 3.98 2.429 1 No education 214 2 Lower than incompleted middle level education (less than 7-8 grades) 648 3 Incompleted middle level education (8-9 grades) 227 4 General middle level education (10 grades) 170 5 Middle level vocational education (vocational school, factory school) 144 6 Middle level special education (teknikum) 235 7 Incompleted higher education (at least three years of institution or university) 40 8 Higher education 319 9 Bachelor's degree 11 10 Doctor's degree or higher 9 99 28 SYSMISS 88 [q117_1] A few questions about childhood. First, where did you spend the most of your childhood? Republic A few questions about childhood. First, where did you spend the most of your childhood - which republic or country (is you were born abroad): Republic 2133 0 99 2.47 12.105 0 Not mentioned 98 1 Mentioned 2002 99 33 [q117_2] A few questions about childhood. First, where did you spend the most of your childhood? Abroad A few questions about childhood. First, where did you spend the most of your childhood - which republic or country (is you were born abroad): Abroad (which country) 2133 0 99 .13 3.035 0 Not mentioned 2058 1 Mentioned 73 99 2 [q117_3] A few questions about childhood. First, where did you spend the most of your childhood? We moved often A few questions about childhood. First, where did you spend the most of your childhood - which republic or country (is you were born abroad): We moved often 2133 0 1 .02 .125 0 Not mentioned 2099 1 Mentioned 34 [q118] When you were 16, where did you live? When you were 16, where did you live - in a large city (population 250 thousand to 1 million), middle sized city (population 50 - 250 thousand), a small city (population less than 50 thousand), suburb or village? 2120 1 8 3.15 1.693 1 Big city 587 2 Middle sized city 272 3 Small city 337 4 Suburb 115 5 Town 802 8 Don't know 7 SYSMISS 13 [q120] Do you consider yourself religious? Do you consider yourself religious? 2113 1 2 1.67 .470 1 Yes 693 2 No 1420 9 8 SYSMISS 12 [q122] How often do you go to religious gatherings? How often do you go to religious gatherings? 609 1 4 3.80 .563 1 A few times a week 10 2 About once a week 17 3 Two or three times a month 60 4 A few times a year 522 9 26 SYSMISS 1498 [q124] Gender Interviewer: mark respondent's gender 2125 1 2 1.58 .493 1 Male 885 2 Female 1240 SYSMISS 8 [q125] Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member? Are they a man or woman? Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member, spouse, parents, children, brother or sister? Are they a man or woman? 1742 1 2 1.57 .495 1 Man 746 2 Woman 996 9 128 SYSMISS 263 [q126] Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member? Does he/she go to work? Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member, spouse, parents, children, brother or sister? Does he/she go to work? 1735 1 2 1.27 .442 1 Yes 1273 2 No 462 9 57 SYSMISS 341 [q128] Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member? Where does he/she work - state sector or outside Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member, spouse, parents, children, brother or sister? Where does he/she work - state sector or outside 1264 1 2 1.08 .269 1 State sector 1165 2 Outside state sector 99 9 63 SYSMISS 806 [q129] Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member? What is his/her company like? Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member, spouse, parents, children, brother or sister? What is his/her company like? 136 1 5 3.16 1.657 1 Cooperative 45 2 Private activity 4 3 Labour hire 8 4 Work based on contracts 42 5 Other (specify) 37 9 62 SYSMISS 1935 [q130] Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member? What is his/her involvement in the cooperative? Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member, spouse, parents, children, brother or sister? What is his/her involvement in the cooperative? 74 1 3 1.88 .827 1 Cooperative member 30 2 Paid employee 23 3 I don't know 21 9 64 SYSMISS 1995 [q132] Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member? Does he/she have a managing position at work? Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member, spouse, parents, children, brother or sister? Does he/she have a managing position at work? 1210 1 3 1.80 .482 1 Yes 284 2 No 882 3 Don't know 44 9 68 SYSMISS 855 [q133] Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member? Is the person married, living in cohabitation or living alone? Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member, spouse, parents, children, brother or sister? Is the person married, living in cohabitation or living alone? 1718 1 2 1.39 .488 1 Yes 1047 2 No 671 9 59 SYSMISS 356 [q134] Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member? Does his/her partner work? Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member, spouse, parents, children, brother or sister? Does his/her partner work? 1045 1 2 1.19 .393 1 Yes 846 2 No 199 9 63 SYSMISS 1025 [q136] Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member? Does he/she work in the state sector or outside? Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member, spouse, parents, children, brother or sister? Does he/she work in the state sector or outside? 829 1 2 1.08 .267 1 State sector 765 2 Outside state sector 64 9 68 SYSMISS 1236 [q137] Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member? What is the company or work like? Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member, spouse, parents, children, brother or sister? What is the company or work like? 118 1 8 3.97 2.405 1 Cooperative 35 2 Private activity 0 3 Labour hire 4 4 Work based on contracts 36 5 Other (specify) 22 8 Don't know 21 9 65 SYSMISS 1950 [q138] Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member? What is his/her involvement in the cooperative Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member, spouse, parents, children, brother or sister? What is his/her involvement in the cooperative 60 1 3 1.77 .810 1 Member of cooperative 28 2 Paid employee 18 3 Don't know 14 9 66 SYSMISS 2007 [q140] Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member? Is your friend's partner in a managing position at his/her own work? Think about the person who is the closest to you but not your family member, spouse, parents, children, brother or sister? Is your friend's partner in a managing position at his/her own work? 833 1 3 1.94 .544 1 Yes 149 2 No 584 3 Don't know 100 9 65 SYSMISS 1235 [q141_1] Do you remember when you started going to work? How old were you when you got your first permanent job? Do you remember when you started going to work? How old were you when you got your first permanent job? 1928 7 76 18.30 3.713 [q141_2] If you have been at work for less than a year, which month did you start in? If you have been at work for less than a year, which month did you start in? 29 1 12 7.45 3.355 [q142] Think back to when you turned 25 years. What did you do then? Were you at work, look for work or study? This question is for over 25 year olds. Think back to when you turned 25 years. What did you do then? Were you at work, look for work or study? 1652 1 5 1.30 .993 1 At work 1499 2 Not at work 26 3 Looked for work 6 4 Took care of household 30 5 Studied 91 9 52 SYSMISS 429 [q143] Did you go to work when 27 years old? Did you go to work when 27 years old? 1044 1 2 1.07 .252 1 Yes 973 2 No 71 9 53 SYSMISS 1036 [q145] Did you work in the state sector or outside of it? Did you work in the state sector or outside of it? 1603 1 2 1.06 .235 1 State sector 1509 2 Outside state sector 94 9 53 SYSMISS 477 [q146] Which of the following categories were you? Which of the following categories were you? 1561 1 3 2.82 .412 1 Managers' superior 18 2 Employees' superior 242 3 Not in managing position 1301 9 54 SYSMISS 518 [q147] Think back to when you turned 35. What did you do? This question only for over 35 year olds. Think back to when you turned 35. What did you do? 1221 1 7 1.10 .627 1 At work 1180 2 Not at work 15 3 Looked for work 3 4 Took care of household 11 5 Studied 0 6 Was unable to work 6 7 Something else (specify) 6 9 37 SYSMISS 875 [q148] Did you work at 37 years old? Did you work at 37 years old? 892 1 2 1.03 .165 1 Yes 867 2 No 25 9 37 SYSMISS 1204 [q150] Did you work in state sector or outside of it? Did you work in state sector or outside of it? 1069 1 2 1.06 .236 1 State sector 1006 2 Outside state sector 63 9 47 SYSMISS 1017 [q151] Which of the following category were you? Which of the following category were you? 1031 1 3 2.68 .526 1 Managers' superior 31 2 Employees' superior 263 3 Not in managing position 737 9 47 SYSMISS 1055 [q152] Think back to when you turned 45. What did you do? This question only for over 45 years olds. Think back to when you turned 45. What did you do? 755 1 7 1.11 .685 1 At work 729 2 Not at work 10 3 Looked for work 0 4 Took care of household 5 5 Studied 0 6 Was unable to work 8 7 Something else (specify) 3 9 8 SYSMISS 1370 [q153] Did you work at 47 years old? Did you work at 47 years old? 508 1 2 1.04 .204 1 Yes 486 2 No 22 9 12 SYSMISS 1613 [q155] Did you work in state sector or outside of it? Did you work in state sector or outside of it? 698 1 2 1.06 .233 1 State sector 658 2 Outside state sector 40 9 9 SYSMISS 1426 [q156] Which of the following category were you? Which of the following category were you? 680 1 3 2.67 .564 1 Managers' superior 33 2 Employees' superior 158 3 Not in managing position 489 9 10 SYSMISS 1443 [q161_1] Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Own house, apartment Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Own house, apartment 2097 1 3 1.42 .583 1 I have 1307 2 Don't have but would like to have 690 3 Don't have and I don't want 100 9 20 SYSMISS 16 [q161_2] Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Microwave oven Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Microwave oven 2025 1 3 2.37 .515 1 I have 32 2 Don't have but would like to have 1212 3 Don't have and I don't want 781 9 54 SYSMISS 54 [q161_3] Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Dishwasher Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Dishwasher 2016 1 3 2.38 .498 1 I have 14 2 Don't have but would like to have 1232 3 Don't have and I don't want 770 9 56 SYSMISS 61 [q161_4] Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Washing machine Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Washing machine 2102 1 3 1.25 .490 1 I have 1626 2 Don't have but would like to have 422 3 Don't have and I don't want 54 9 18 SYSMISS 13 [q161_5] Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Vacuum cleaner Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Vacuum cleaner 2093 1 3 1.33 .563 1 I have 1501 2 Don't have but would like to have 492 3 Don't have and I don't want 100 9 20 SYSMISS 20 [q161_6] Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Motorcycle, scooter, moped Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Motorcycle, scooter, moped 1963 1 3 2.48 .783 1 I have 357 2 Don't have but would like to have 305 3 Don't have and I don't want 1301 9 59 SYSMISS 111 [q161_7] Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Colour television Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Colour television 2098 1 3 1.47 .608 1 I have 1231 2 Don't have but would like to have 741 3 Don't have and I don't want 126 9 22 SYSMISS 13 [q161_8] Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Video recorder Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Video recorder 2022 1 3 2.28 .567 1 I have 121 2 Don't have but would like to have 1212 3 Don't have and I don't want 689 9 51 SYSMISS 60 [q161_9] Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Stereo equipment Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Stereo equipment 2044 1 3 1.96 .824 1 I have 736 2 Don't have but would like to have 654 3 Don't have and I don't want 654 9 50 SYSMISS 39 [q161_10] Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Photo or video camera Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Photo or video camera 2017 1 3 2.30 .786 1 I have 411 2 Don't have but would like to have 588 3 Don't have and I don't want 1018 9 55 SYSMISS 61 [q161_11] Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Computer Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Computer 2021 1 3 2.60 .520 1 I have 31 2 Don't have but would like to have 739 3 Don't have and I don't want 1251 9 61 SYSMISS 51 [q161_12] Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Car Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Car 2082 1 3 2.06 .701 1 I have 453 2 Don't have but would like to have 1053 3 Don't have and I don't want 576 9 37 SYSMISS 14 [q161_13] Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Summer cottage Which of the following items do you have and what would you like to have? Summer cottage 2064 1 3 1.94 .807 1 I have 737 2 Don't have but would like to have 714 3 Don't have and I don't want 613 9 36 SYSMISS 33 [q162] How much did you earn last month, including overtime pay, incentives, other rewards? (rubles) How much did you earn last month, including overtime pay, incentives, other rewards? (rubles) Now other positions from which you get income - secondary jobs. 1933 30 3500 258.81 207.475 [q163] Last year, did you get income from secondary jobs? Last year, did you get income from secondary jobs? Now a few questions about your opinions on a few social problems, for example having to do with production organization and work processes. 1836 1 2 1.80 .403 1 Yes 375 2 No 1461 9 112 SYSMISS 185 [q171_1] In your opinion, who should decide the following questions? Length of lunch break In your opinion, who should decide the following questions? Mainly managers or employees in collectives' non-manager position workers? Length of lunch break 2037 1 3 1.96 .918 1 Mainly managers 897 2 Mainly non-managers 320 3 Everyone together 820 9 71 SYSMISS 25 [q171_2] In your opinion, who should decide the following questions? Coming to and getting off work In your opinion, who should decide the following questions? Mainly managers or employees in collectives' non-manager position workers? Coming to and getting off work 2040 1 3 1.74 .908 1 Mainly managers 1175 2 Mainly non-managers 220 3 Everyone together 645 9 69 SYSMISS 24 [q175_1] How much you think they earn on average in a month? Middleschool teacher (rubles) I will tell you work positions, and you should tell how much you think they earn on average in a month? Middleschool teacher (rubles) 1798 90 2400 207.30 81.660 [q175_2] How much you think they earn on average in a month? Qualified factory worker (rubles) I will tell you work positions, and you should tell how much you think they earn on average in a month? Qualified factory worker (rubles) 1805 80 2000 320.58 108.659 [q175_3] How much you think they earn on average in a month? Engineer (rubles) I will tell you work positions, and you should tell how much you think they earn on average in a month? Engineer (rubles) 1816 100 3000 234.67 121.140 [q175_4] How much you think they earn on average in a month? Secretary-typewriter (rubles) I will tell you work positions, and you should tell how much you think they earn on average in a month? Secretary-typewriter (rubles) 1792 20 1800 134.56 64.348 [q175_5] How much you think they earn on average in a month? Cleaner / janitor (rubles) I will tell you work positions, and you should tell how much you think they earn on average in a month? Cleaner / janitor (rubles) 1803 60 1000 108.13 58.761 [q175_6] How much you think they earn on average in a month? University professor (rubles) I will tell you work positions, and you should tell how much you think they earn on average in a month? University professor (rubles) 1668 150 3000 559.50 201.730 [q175_7] How much you think they earn on average in a month? Manager of a large factory (rubles) I will tell you work positions, and you should tell how much you think they earn on average in a month? Manager of a large factory (rubles) 1722 60 5000 734.03 329.478 [q175_8] How much you think they earn on average in a month? Regular state official (rubles) I will tell you work positions, and you should tell how much you think they earn on average in a month? Regular state official (rubles) 1699 85 2500 238.35 111.507 [q175_9] How much you think they earn on average in a month? Leader of main management (rubles) I will tell you work positions, and you should tell how much you think they earn on average in a month? Leader of main management (rubles) 1601 170 8001 746.17 428.207 [q175_10] How much you think they earn on average in a month? Surgeon (rubles) I will tell you work positions, and you should tell how much you think they earn on average in a month? Surgeon (rubles) 1724 100 6300 284.46 192.921 [q176_1] How much you think a person in such position should earn? Middleschool teacher (rubles) And how much you think a person in such position should earn? Middleschool teacher (rubles) 1923 100 4500 386.65 255.043 [q176_2] How much you think a person in such position should earn? Qualified factory worker (rubles) And how much you think a person in such position should earn? Qualified factory worker (rubles) 1918 100 5000 500.78 288.577 [q176_3] How much you think a person in such position should earn? Engineer (rubles) And how much you think a person in such position should earn? Engineer (rubles) 1918 100 5000 459.03 330.737 [q176_4] How much you think a person in such position should earn? Secretary-typewriter (rubles) And how much you think a person in such position should earn? Secretary-typewriter (rubles) 1900 70 2000 209.24 116.801 [q176_5] How much you think a person in such position should earn? Cleaner / janitor (rubles) And how much you think a person in such position should earn? Cleaner / janitor (rubles) 1908 70 9920 201.72 258.494 [q176_6] How much you think a person in such position should earn? University professor (rubles) And how much you think a person in such position should earn? University professor (rubles) 1799 100 8000 729.25 487.083 [q176_7] How much you think a person in such position should earn? Manager of a large factory (rubles) And how much you think a person in such position should earn? Manager of a large factory (rubles) 1849 100 9998 907.09 622.708 [q176_8] How much you think a person in such position should earn? Regular state official (rubles) And how much you think a person in such position should earn? Regular state official (rubles) 1817 50 5000 282.51 176.587 [q176_9] How much you think a person in such position should earn? Leader of main management (rubles) And how much you think a person in such position should earn? Leader of main management (rubles) 1691 10 9998 790.39 566.437 [q176_10] How much you think a person in such position should earn? Surgeon (rubles) And how much you think a person in such position should earn? Surgeon (rubles) 1884 3 9998 638.46 514.980 [q177_1] How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Middle school teacher Another similar question. How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Middle school teacher 2035 1 5 2.87 .995 1 Significantly improve 113 2 Improve 739 3 No change 572 4 Worse 528 5 Significantly worse 83 9 87 SYSMISS 11 [q177_2] How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Qualified factory worker Another similar question. How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Qualified factory worker 2026 1 5 3.00 .939 1 Significantly improve 89 2 Improve 551 3 No change 729 4 Worse 583 5 Significantly worse 74 9 97 SYSMISS 10 [q177_3] How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Engineer Another similar question. How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Engineer 2011 1 5 3.05 .920 1 Significantly improve 66 2 Improve 527 3 No change 738 4 Worse 602 5 Significantly worse 78 9 102 SYSMISS 20 [q177_4] How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Secretary-typewriter Another similar question. How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Secretary-typewriter 2012 1 5 3.20 .851 1 Significantly improve 39 2 Improve 331 3 No change 938 4 Worse 588 5 Significantly worse 116 9 103 SYSMISS 18 [q177_5] How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Cleaner / janitor Another similar question. How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Cleaner / janitor 1993 1 5 3.25 .894 1 Significantly improve 37 2 Improve 350 3 No change 828 4 Worse 630 5 Significantly worse 148 9 106 SYSMISS 34 [q177_6] How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? University professor Another similar question. How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? University professor 1989 1 5 2.72 .823 1 Significantly improve 106 2 Improve 667 3 No change 931 4 Worse 244 5 Significantly worse 41 9 111 SYSMISS 33 [q177_7] How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Manager of a large factory Another similar question. How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Manager of a large factory 2000 1 5 2.46 .882 1 Significantly improve 249 2 Improve 836 3 No change 692 4 Worse 194 5 Significantly worse 29 9 108 SYSMISS 25 [q177_8] How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Regular state official Another similar question. How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Regular state official 1996 1 5 2.93 .901 1 Significantly improve 89 2 Improve 553 3 No change 823 4 Worse 468 5 Significantly worse 63 9 115 SYSMISS 22 [q177_9] How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Leader of main management Another similar question. How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Leader of main management 1981 1 5 2.49 .901 1 Significantly improve 265 2 Improve 742 3 No change 745 4 Worse 198 5 Significantly worse 31 9 114 SYSMISS 38 [q177_10] How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Surgeon Another similar question. How do you think that the material situation of people in the mentioned professions will change in the next five years? Surgeon 2005 1 5 2.70 .975 1 Significantly improve 170 2 Improve 774 3 No change 610 4 Worse 391 5 Significantly worse 60 9 104 SYSMISS 24 [q178] How much your own family's wellbeing will change in the next five years? How much your own family's wellbeing will change in the next five years? 2080 1 5 3.44 .930 1 Significantly improve 42 2 Improve 302 3 No change 640 4 Worse 882 5 Significantly worse 214 9 44 SYSMISS 9 [q179] And average Soviet family wellbeing? And average Soviet family wellbeing? 2090 1 5 3.69 .836 1 Significantly improve 22 2 Improve 197 3 No change 432 4 Worse 1196 5 Significantly worse 243 9 35 SYSMISS 8 [q180_1] Which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Post office Lately there has been a lot of talk about if private sector is needed and in which fields. In your opinion, which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Post office 2078 1 3 1.44 .790 1 Mainly state 1560 2 Mainly private 125 3 Mixed ownership 393 9 45 SYSMISS 10 [q180_2] Which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Railways Lately there has been a lot of talk about if private sector is needed and in which fields. In your opinion, which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Railways 2077 1 3 1.22 .595 1 Mainly state 1819 2 Mainly private 67 3 Mixed ownership 191 9 50 SYSMISS 6 [q180_3] Which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Metal industry Lately there has been a lot of talk about if private sector is needed and in which fields. In your opinion, which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Metal industry 2070 1 3 1.27 .651 1 Mainly state 1758 2 Mainly private 75 3 Mixed ownership 237 9 55 SYSMISS 8 [q180_4] Which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Electricity industry Lately there has been a lot of talk about if private sector is needed and in which fields. In your opinion, which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Electricity industry 2076 1 3 1.14 .492 1 Mainly state 1914 2 Mainly private 35 3 Mixed ownership 127 9 50 SYSMISS 7 [q180_5] Which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Banks Lately there has been a lot of talk about if private sector is needed and in which fields. In your opinion, which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Banks 2069 1 3 1.87 .932 1 Mainly state 1054 2 Mainly private 237 3 Mixed ownership 778 9 52 SYSMISS 12 [q180_6] Which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Hospitals, polyclinics Lately there has been a lot of talk about if private sector is needed and in which fields. In your opinion, which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Hospitals, polyclinics 2078 1 3 2.18 .911 1 Mainly state 711 2 Mainly private 289 3 Mixed ownership 1078 9 45 SYSMISS 10 [q180_7] Which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Middle schools Lately there has been a lot of talk about if private sector is needed and in which fields. In your opinion, which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Middle schools 2074 1 3 1.88 .946 1 Mainly state 1064 2 Mainly private 190 3 Mixed ownership 820 9 48 SYSMISS 11 [q180_8] Which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Large department stores / warehouses Lately there has been a lot of talk about if private sector is needed and in which fields. In your opinion, which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Large department stores / warehouses 2073 1 3 1.89 .905 1 Mainly state 977 2 Mainly private 351 3 Mixed ownership 745 9 48 SYSMISS 12 [q180_9] Which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Small restaurants Lately there has been a lot of talk about if private sector is needed and in which fields. In your opinion, which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Small restaurants 2074 1 3 2.11 .626 1 Mainly state 306 2 Mainly private 1237 3 Mixed ownership 531 9 47 SYSMISS 12 [q180_10] Which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Agriculture, farming Lately there has been a lot of talk about if private sector is needed and in which fields. In your opinion, which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Agriculture, farming 2078 1 3 2.31 .752 1 Mainly state 365 2 Mainly private 703 3 Mixed ownership 1010 9 43 SYSMISS 12 [q180_11] Which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Fire department Lately there has been a lot of talk about if private sector is needed and in which fields. In your opinion, which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Fire department 2073 1 3 1.19 .555 1 Mainly state 1841 2 Mainly private 72 3 Mixed ownership 160 9 49 SYSMISS 11 [q180_12] Which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Cities' traffic departments Lately there has been a lot of talk about if private sector is needed and in which fields. In your opinion, which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Cities' traffic departments 2079 1 3 1.62 .900 1 Mainly state 1394 2 Mainly private 89 3 Mixed ownership 596 9 46 SYSMISS 8 [q180_13] Which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Kindergartens Lately there has been a lot of talk about if private sector is needed and in which fields. In your opinion, which of the fields of economy listed below should be mixed fields in both state and private ownership? Kindergartens 2075 1 3 1.98 .931 1 Mainly state 923 2 Mainly private 275 3 Mixed ownership 877 9 46 SYSMISS 12 [q186] How often during the past two years have you taken part in such action as strike, demonstration, group meeting (not taking into account may day and revolution parties) How often during the past two years have you taken part in such action as strike, demonstration, group meeting (not taking into account may day and revolution parties) 2067 1 3 2.89 .356 1 Often 27 2 Rarely 181 3 Never 1859 9 29 SYSMISS 37 [q187_1] A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. All industrial societies have divided into specialists who make decisions and those who fulfil them A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. All industrial societies have divided into specialists who make decisions and those who fulfil them 2038 1 4 1.42 .764 1 Completely agree 1451 2 Agree 407 3 Disagree 97 4 Completely disagree 83 9 80 SYSMISS 15 [q187_2] A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. If you had a chance, you with your coworkers would cope completely without superiors A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. If you had a chance, you with your coworkers would cope completely without superiors 2042 1 4 2.57 1.115 1 Completely agree 478 2 Agree 457 3 Disagree 566 4 Completely disagree 541 9 75 SYSMISS 16 [q187_3] A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. One of the main reasons for misery is that many people are too dumb and uncivilized to cope with the modern society A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. One of the main reasons for misery is that many people are too dumb and uncivilized to cope with the modern society 2047 1 4 2.75 1.114 1 Completely agree 391 2 Agree 423 3 Disagree 549 4 Completely disagree 684 9 74 SYSMISS 12 [q187_4] A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. One of the main reasons for misery is that the poor don't have a chance to get education and proper work A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. One of the main reasons for misery is that the poor don't have a chance to get education and proper work 2052 1 4 2.78 1.113 1 Completely agree 378 2 Agree 408 3 Disagree 547 4 Completely disagree 719 9 65 SYSMISS 16 [q187_5] A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. One of the main reasons for poverty is that the poor don't want to work A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. One of the main reasons for poverty is that the poor don't want to work 2054 1 4 2.94 1.120 1 Completely agree 323 2 Agree 379 3 Disagree 443 4 Completely disagree 909 9 63 SYSMISS 16 [q187_6] A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. One of the main reasons for poverty is the government policy A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. One of the main reasons for poverty is the government policy 2048 1 4 1.65 .902 1 Completely agree 1175 2 Agree 554 3 Disagree 179 4 Completely disagree 140 9 60 SYSMISS 25 [q187_7] A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. One of the main reasons for poverty is that in every society there are small and big people A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. One of the main reasons for poverty is that in every society there are small and big people (?) 2039 1 4 2.04 1.070 1 Completely agree 851 2 Agree 532 3 Disagree 379 4 Completely disagree 277 9 72 SYSMISS 22 [q187_8] A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. In order to reduce crime, criminal punishments should be increased A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. In order to reduce crime, criminal punishments should be increased 2064 1 4 1.87 1.040 1 Completely agree 1040 2 Agree 473 3 Disagree 326 4 Completely disagree 225 9 56 SYSMISS 13 [q187_9] A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. Cooperatives get rich with the cost of ordinary people, workers and other consumers A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. Cooperatives get rich with the cost of ordinary people, workers and other consumers 2069 1 4 1.73 .970 1 Completely agree 1172 2 Agree 453 3 Disagree 282 4 Completely disagree 162 9 56 SYSMISS 8 [q187_10] A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. In order to reduce crime, the poor should be guaranteed a possibility to have education and work A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. In order to reduce crime, the poor should be guaranteed a possibility to have education and work 2050 1 4 2.20 1.131 1 Completely agree 741 2 Agree 551 3 Disagree 356 4 Completely disagree 402 9 67 SYSMISS 16 [q187_11] A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. If parents were more strict towards their children, crime would be reduced A few questions about your opinion on a few social phenomena. If parents were more strict towards their children, crime would be reduced 2069 1 4 1.97 1.063 1 Completely agree 946 2 Agree 503 3 Disagree 363 4 Completely disagree 257 9 52 SYSMISS 12 [q188] Imagine that workers of a central industry would pronounce a strike demanding pay raise and better work conditions. Which of the following would be the best result of the strike? Imagine that workers of a central industry would pronounce a strike demanding pay raise and better work conditions. Which of the following would be the best result of the strike? 2002 1 4 1.99 .871 1 All the most important demands of workers would be fulfilled 619 2 All the most important demands of workers would be fulfilled, but they make some amendments 940 3 A small number of the workers' demands will be fulfilled but they make large amendments 291 4 Workers will return to their work places and not get their most important demands fulfilled 152 9 73 SYSMISS 58