Aineiston nimi

Social Distinctions in Modern Russia 1998

Aineistonumero

FSD3286

Pysyvä tunniste

urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3286

Aineiston laatu

Kvantitatiivinen aineisto

Tekijät

• Nikula, Jouko (University of Helsinki. Aleksanteri Institute)

Sisällön kuvaus

This study is part of a survey series that charts various issues characterising social differentiation in contemporary Russian society. The surveys in the series have been conducted in 1990, 1998, 2006 and 2015, facilitating research on temporal change. Social differentiation in this study was mainly considered in terms of occupation, social mobility, property and income, but attitudes, politics and religion were also examined. The study aimed to survey the respondents' conditions in life together with their values in order to examine the interaction between the two.

Most questions in the survey concerned the respondents' working life. Questions focused on, for example, whether the respondents worked for the public or private sector, what kind of company they worked for, what kind of independency and responsibilities the respondents had in their work, whether the respondents were in a decision-making position at work, and what kind of equipment they used regularly in their work. Additionally, the respondents were asked whether they had been unemployed, laid off or part-time employed in the past 12 months and if yes, how they had managed economically at the time (e.g. whether they received benefits from the employer or state or support from family or friends).

The survey also included questions on the respondents' family, media use, religiosity, owned property, and political activity. The most important sources of income for the respondents' family as well as the benefits they received from the state or from employers were examined. The newspapers and magazines the respondents read most frequently were charted, and the respondents were asked whether they owned various property and items, such as their own house or car, a washing machine, pager/mobile phone, and computer. The respondents' political activity was charted with questions on, for example, whether they had signed a petition or taken part in a strike in 1997 or 1998. Finally, the respondents' trust in various institutions (e.g. the President, Government, Russian army, and Russian orthodox church) and opinions on the significance of different conditions in providing advancement in society were surveyed. The respondents were asked to evaluate the importance of, for example, coming from a rich family, good education, hard work, contacts abroad, and luck both as it was ten years ago and at the time of the survey.

Background variables included the sector in which the respondent worked in, the respondent's employment history, status in employment, working hours, industry of employment, education, marital status, number of children, household size, income, owned household durable goods, religious affiliation, nationality, gender, age, and type of municipality of residence.

Asiasanat

educational background; family environment; family life; interpersonal relations; labour and employment; occupational life; political action; political attitudes; socio-economic status; standard of living; workers participation

Tieteenala/Aihealue

• Social sciences (OKM:n tieteenalaluokitus)
• Economic systems and development (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Working conditions (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Language and linguistics (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Political behaviour and attitudes (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Political ideology (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Information technology (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Equality, inequality and social exclusion (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Family life and marriage (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Occupational health (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Religion and values (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Housing (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)

Sarja

Social Distinctions in Modern Russia

Jakelija

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Käyttöoikeudet

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

Kerääjät

• Chernysh, Mikhail (Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of Sociology)

Ajallinen kattavuus

1998

Aineistonkeruun ajankohta

1998-10 – 1998-12

Maa

Russia

Kohdealue

Russia

Havaintoyksikkötyyppi

Individual

Perusjoukko/otos

Russian citizens aged over 18 (poislukien sparsely populated areas and employees in certain institutions (the armed forces, prisons, highest positions in administration, and hospitals))

Tutkimuksen aikaulottuvuus

Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section

Otantamenetelmä

Probability: Stratified: Proportional

Probability: Simple random

The sample size was approximately 3,000 respondents. The sample was formed based on the following principles: the sample must allow for a reasonable equilibrium between the costs of the study, the precision of the data and the design of the sample should be clear enough to allow for easy replication in the future, and the sample must be well documented.

The above principles set some constraints on the sample design: sparsely populated areas or areas difficult to access were not included in the sample. Additionally, certain institutions (the armed forces, prisons, highest positions in administration, and hospitals) were not included. The exclusion of this part of the population from the sample led to a smaller proportion of males in the sample, because the majority of employees (over 80%) in these institutions are male.

The interviews were organised through administrative districts (rayons). The population of rayons ranges from 50,000 to 300,000, and there are close to 2,800 rayons in Russia. Rayons can be divided into three types: (1) big city rayons, (2) town and village rayons, (3) urban rayons. The given sample design was based on the data of the 1989 All-Russia Census conducted by the State Committee of Statistics, and the MicroCensus of 1994. It was possible to select the respondents randomly based on electoral areas, for which very in-depth information of the population is available. Big cities (such as Moscow and St. Petersburg) were analysed separately in the sample. In big cities, the sample was generated by a random choice of household telephone numbers. For more information on the formation on the sample, see the background file.

Keruumenetelmä

Face-to-face interview: Paper-and-pencil (PAPI)

Keruuväline tai –ohje

Structured questionnaire

Vastausprosentti

79.5

Datatiedostojen kieli

Aineistopaketti voi sisältää samoja tiedostoja eri kielisinä.

Aineisto sisältää datatiedostoja seuraavilla kielillä: englanti.

Tietoarkisto kääntää kvantitatiivisia datatiedostoja englanniksi. Lisätietoja käännöspyynnön jättämisestä.

Havaintojen ja muuttujien lukumäärä

293 muuttujaa ja 2506 havaintoa.

Datan versio

1.0

Aineiston käytössä huomioitavaa

To prevent identification of respondents, the oldest respondents were combined into one category in variables q85 and bv1.

Some of the occupation classifications and dummy variables created by the researcher were removed. Empty variables or variables that were not included in the questionnaire were removed from the data (q60_8, q60_9, q60_10, v74_8, v74_9, v74_10, q74_2, q74_3, q74_4, q74_5). Corrupted open-ended variables were removed from the data (q1_1, q1_2, q4_1, q7_1, q17_1, q31_1, q33B_1, q55_1, q19, q32, q33C, q56). Many questions included in the questionnaire are missing from the data (q12, q13, q14, q15, q16, q17, q18, q19, q20, q21, q22, q23, q24, q25, q26, q27, q28, q32, q33C, q33D, q33F, q35A, q36A, q38, q38A, q39, q40, q41, q45, q49D, q49E, q49F, q52, q53, q56, q58, q59, q65A, q65B_2, q65C, q66, q67, q80, q81, q82, q83). Finally, some variables appear twice in the data. In these cases, the duplicates were removed.

Painokertoimet

There are no weight variables in the data.

Viittausvaatimus

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Malliviittaus

Nikula, Jouko (University of Helsinki): Social Distinctions in Modern Russia 1998 [dataset]. Version 1.0 (2020-07-20). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3286

Julkaisusta tiedottaminen

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Varaumat

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Käytön ja kuvailun oheismateriaalit

Birjukov, Dmitry & Nikula, Jouko (1999). Social distinctions in modern Russia (SDMR). Sample report 1998

Julkaisut aineistosta

Jouko Nikula (ed): Restoration of Class Society in Russia? Ashgate Avebury 2002

Birjukov, Dmitry & Nikula, Jouko (1999). Social distinctions in modern Russia (SDMR). Sample report 1998

Social Distinctions in Contemporary Russia. Waiting for the Middle-Class Society? (2020). Eds. Nikula, Jouko & Chernysh, Mikhail. Londin: Routledge. Studies in Contemporary Russia. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003029298