DDI-kuvailu: Yhteiskunnalliset erot nyky-Venäjällä 2015 DDI description: Social Distinctions in Modern Russia 2015 3288 Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto 1.0.0 Yhteiskunnalliset erot nyky-Venäjällä 2015 [metadata]. Metadataversio 1.0.0 (2020-07-10). Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto [tuottaja ja jakaja]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3288; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3288 FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), joiden tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons 1.0 Yleismaailmallinen (CC0 1.0) -lisenssillä. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) are licensed under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) license. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) är licensierade under en Creative Commons 1.0 Universiell (CC0 1.0) licens. Yhteiskunnalliset erot nyky-Venäjällä 2015 Social Distinctions in Modern Russia 2015 3288 urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3288 10.60686/t-fsd3288 Nikula, Jouko 0000-0003-0525-6091 Tietoarkiston ja aineiston luovuttajan tekemän sopimuksen mukaisesti. Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto Yhteiskunnalliset erot nyky-Venäjällä

Yhteiskunnalliset erot nyky-Venäjällä -sarja tutkii venäläisten työikäisten ihmisten työelämää, hyvinvointia, yhteiskunnallisia asenteita ja toimintaa. Sarjan aineistot on kerätty vuosina 1990, 1998, 2006 ja 2015. Lisäksi sarjaan kuuluu kokoelma-aineisto. Monet kysymykset ovat pysyneet suurin piirtein samoina, joskin sarjan ensimmäiset aineistot eroavat jonkin verran myöhemmistä. Kohdejoukkona sarjassa on yli 18-vuotiaat venäläiset.

 1.0 Nikula, Jouko (Helsingin yliopisto): Yhteiskunnalliset erot nyky-Venäjällä 2015 [data]. Dataversio 1.0 (2020-07-10). Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto [jakaja]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3288; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3288 työelämä työpaikat työvelvollisuus koulutustausta työpaikkademokratia työpaikkakulttuuri perhesuhteet perhetausta ihmissuhteet elintaso talouselämä sosioekonominen asema mediankäyttö poliittinen toiminta poliittiset asenteet Yhteiskuntatieteet Talousjärjestelmät, taloudellinen kehitys ja kehitysyhteistyö Työolot Kielet ja kielitiede Poliittinen käyttäytyminen, poliittiset asenteet ja mielipiteet Poliittiset ideologiat Tietotekniikka Tasa-arvo, eriarvoisuus ja syrjäytyminen Perhe-elämä, avioliitto ja sukupolvet Työterveys Uskonto ja arvot Asuminen ja asunnot

Tutkimus on osa sarjaa, jossa kartoitettiin venäläisten sosioekonomista eriarvoisuutta ja työelämää. Ainestosarja, johon tämä tutkimus kuuluu, kattaa vuodet 1990, 1998, 2006 ja 2015, mikä mahdollistaa ajallisen muutoksen tutkimisen. Eriarvoisuus ymmärretään tutkimuksessa ammatin, sosiaalisen liikkuvuuden, omaisuuden ja tulojen kautta, mutta siihen liittyvät myös asenteet, politiikka ja uskonto. Tutkimuksessa haluttiin yhdistää ihmisten olosuhteet heidän arvoihinsa pyrkimyksenä tutkia näiden kahden välistä vuorovaikutusta.

Kyselyn alkupuoli käsitteli työelämää. Aluksi kysyttiin vastaajan perheen työ- ja koulutustaustasta, vastaajan koulutuksesta, työhistoriasta sekä nykyisestä työstä. Vastaajaa pyydettiin lisäksi arvioimaan työautonomiaansa ja mahdollisuuksia osallistua päätöksentekoon työpaikalla.

Seuraavaksi kysyttiin perheestä ja perhetaustasta. Vastaajaa pyydettiin kertomaan muun muassa puolisonsa työstä. Lisäksi oltiin kiinnostuneita vastaajan vapaa-ajan ja median käytöstä, hyvinvoinnista, tulotasosta, kulutuksesta ja vauraudesta. Vastaajaa pyydettiin esimerkiksi valitsemaan listasta erilaisia vapaa-ajan aktiviteetteja sekä arvioimaan tulojen muutosta aikaisemmasta.

Tutkimuksessa tutkittiin myös vastaajien terveyttä ja kokemuksia terveyspalveluista. Heiltä kysyttiin muun muassa ovatko he saaneet tarvittavaa terveydenhuoltoa. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa oltiin kiinnostuneita internetin ja median käytöstä. Vastaajilta tiedusteltiin internetin käytön syitä ja määrää.

Lopuksi tutkittiin uskomuksia ja poliittisia mielipiteitä. Vastaajalta kysyttiin, osallistuuko hän poliittisien puolueiden tai muiden ryhmittymien toimintaan. Edelleen oltiin kiinnostuneita luottamuksesta yhteiskunnallisiin instituutioihin, tyytyväisyydestä harjoitettuun politiikkaan, uskonnollisuudesta ja yhteiskunnallisista arvoista.

Taustamuuttujina ovat koulutus, työllisyyshistoria, työpaikan toimiala, ammatti, ammattiasema, työantajasektori, työaika, siviilisääty, lasten lukumäärä, kotitalouden koko, tulot, kansallinen ryhmä, äidinkieli, uskontokunta, ikä, sukupuoli ja paikkakuntatyyppi.

 Venäjä Venäjä Henkilö Individual Yli 18-vuotiaat venäläiset harvaanasutut alueet ja tiettyjen instituutioiden työntekijät (armeija, vankila, korkein hallinto ja sairaalat) Kvantitatiivinen Pitkittäisaineisto: trendi/toistuva poikkileikkausaineisto Longitudinal.TrendRepeatedCrossSection Chernysh, Mikhail Todennäköisyysotanta: suhteutettu ositettu otanta Probability.Stratified.Proportional Todennäköisyysotanta: yksinkertainen satunnaisotanta Probability.SimpleRandom

Otoksen koko on noin 3000 vastaajaa. Otoksen kokoamisessa noudatettiin seuraavia periaatteita: Tutkimuksen muoto tulee pysyä samanlaisena ja otoksen muodostus yksinkertaisena, jotta se voitaisiin toistaa tulevaisuudessa helposti. Otoksen tulee olla myös hyvin dokumentoitu.

Tämä asetti seuraavia rajoituksia: Harvaanasutut alueet eivät ole osa otosta. Tietyt instituutiot (armeija, vankila, korkein hallinto, sairaalat) eivät ole osa otosta. Tämä vähentää ja vääristää tutkimuksen miesvastaajia, sillä näiden instituutioiden työvoimasta huomattava osa (yli 80%) on miehiä.

Haastattelut organisoitiin rayoneiden kautta. Rayonit ovat hallinnollisia alueita, joiden koko vaihtelee 50 000 ja 300 000 asukkaan välillä. Rayoneita on Venäjällä n. 2800 kappaletta ja ne jaettiin: (1) suuriin kaupunkeihin, (2) kaupunkeihin ja kyliin sekä (3) urbaaneihin alueisiin. Otoksen muodostus perustuu Venäjän hallinnon (State Committee of Statistics) vuonna 1989 keräämään dataan. Vastaajat voitiin arpoa vaalialueiden avulla, joista löytyy tietoa yksittäisten ihmisten tarkkuudella. Suuret kaupungit (kuten Moskova ja Pietari) olivat otoksessa erillisinä. Suurissa kaupungeissa otos muodostettiin puhelinnumeroihin perustuneella satunnaisotannalla. Katso lisätietoa taustatietoa-tiedostosta.

 Kasvokkainen haastattelu: paperikyselylomake (PAPI) Interview.FaceToFace.PAPI Strukturoitu lomake Questionnaire.Structured Aineisto ei sisällä painomuuttujia. Aineisto on kuvailtu mahdollisimman kattavasti suomeksi ja englanniksi. Aineisto on tarkistettu ja muokattu yksityiskohtaisesti. Tarvittaessa aineistosta on poistettu tunnisteita. Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto Osa tutkijan tekemistä luokitteluista ja muuttujista on poistettu. Samoin muuttujat, jotka ovat tyhjiä tai epäselviä on jätetty pois lopullisesta aineistosta. Aineistosta on poistettu myös avomuuttujat, joista löytyi koodattu versio. Aineistossa oleva muuttuja (q97_11) puuttuu kyselylomakkeesta. Aineistossa oleva muuttujapatteriston (q71_1-q71_13) selitteet eroavat kyselylomakkeen vastaavista. Lopuksi haastattelun alkamis- ja loppumisajat on poistettu. Aineisto on käytettävissä (B) tutkimukseen, opetukseen ja opiskeluun. Aineistoon ja sen tekijöihin tulee viitata asianmukaisesti kaikissa julkaisuissa ja esityksissä, joissa aineistoa käytetään. Tietoarkiston antaman malliviittaustiedon voi merkitä lähdeluetteloon sellaisenaan tai sitä voi muokata julkaisun käytäntöjen mukaisesti. Viitetiedot julkaisuista, joissa aineistoa on käytetty, toimitetaan Tietoarkiston asiakaspalveluun asiakaspalvelu.fsd@tuni.fi. Aineiston alkuperäiset tekijät ja Tietoarkisto eivät ole vastuussa aineiston jatkokäytössä tuotetuista tuloksista ja tulkinnoista. Aineistosta on poistettu tunnisteellisuussyistä tarkka asuinpaikka sekä yhdistetty vanhimmat vastaajat yhteen luokkaan (q111, bv1). Harvinaiset uskonnot yhdistetty kategoriaan "Other" (q110). Birjukov, Dmitry & Nikula, Jouko (1999). Social distinctions in modern Russia (SDMR). Sample report 1998 Birjukov, Dmitry & Nikula, Jouko (1999). Social distinctions in modern Russia (SDMR). Sample report 1998 Social distinctions in modern Russia (SDMR). Sample report 1998 Social Distinctions in Contemporary Russia. Waiting for the Middle-Class Society? (2020). Eds. Nikula, Jouko & Chernysh, Mikhail. Londin: Routledge. Studies in Contemporary Russia. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003029298 Social Distinctions in Contemporary Russia. Waiting for the Middle-Class Society? 10.4324/9781003029298 daF3288.por 5335 380 SPSS Portable [fsd_no] Aineistonumero (lisätty FSD:ssä) Aineistonumero (lisätty FSD:ssä) 5335 3288 3288 3288.00 .000 [fsd_vr] Aineistoversio (lisätty FSD:ssä) Aineistoversio (lisätty FSD:ssä) 5335 1.0 1.0 1.000 .0000 [fsd_id] Havaintotunnus (lisätty FSD:ssä) Havaintotunnus (lisätty FSD:ssä) 5335 1 5335 2668.00 1540.226 [q1] Talking about the past. In which settlement did you live most of your time before you turned 16? Talking about the past. In which settlement did you live most of your time before you turned 16? One answer only 5331 1 6 3.52 1.388 1 In Moscow or St. Petersburg 509 2 In another city with a population of 500 thousand or more 1010 3 In a medium sized city (from population of 100 thousand to 499 thousand) 938 4 In a small city (population of less than 100 thousand) 993 5 Village or town 1855 6 Other 26 SYSMISS 4 [q2_1] Please, recall your childhood, the period of your life when you under 16. Who in that period played the role of a breadwinner in your family, who brought to the family the biggest part of its income? Please, recall your childhood, the period of your life when you under 16. Who in that period played the role of a breadwinner in your family, who brought to the family the biggest part of its income? Name no more than two of such people. 5335 1 10 1.46 1.372 1 Father 4008 2 Mother 1114 3 Mother's father 30 4 Mother's mother 30 5 Father's mother 6 6 Father's father 8 7 Father-in-law/stepfather 31 8 Mother-in-law/stepmother 0 9 Other relative 29 10 Lived in education institution 79 [q2_2] Please, recall your childhood, the period of your life when you under 16. Who in thatperiod played the role of a breadwinner in your family, who brought to the family the biggest part of its income? Please, recall your childhood, the period of your life when you under 16. Who in thatperiod played the role of a breadwinner in your family, who brought to the family the biggest part of its income? Name no more than two of such people. 2662 1 9 2.14 .781 1 Father 15 2 Mother 2537 3 Mother's father 12 4 Mother's mother 42 5 Father's mother 7 6 Father's father 4 7 Father-in-law/stepfather 34 8 Mother-in-law/stepmother 3 9 Other relative 8 10 Lived in education institution 0 SYSMISS 2673 [q3] Choose the first of these people. Let it be someone who brought the bigger part of income into your family. Who was that? Choose the first of these people. Let it be someone who brought the bigger part of income into your family. Who was that? Interviewer! choose the relevant figure from the list above and place it in the box 5255 1 9 1.39 .935 1 Father 3746 2 Mother 1364 3 Mother's father 28 4 Mother's mother 32 5 Father's mother 6 6 Father's father 8 7 Father-in-law/stepfather 43 8 Mother-in-law/stepmother 0 9 Other relative 28 10 Lived in education institution 0 SYSMISS 80 [q4] What was this person's occupation most of his or her working time? What was this person's occupation most of his or her working time? Characterize your profession and occupational position in the most detailed way. 5232 110 9999 5957.14 2763.868 [q5] What was his or her occupation's branch of economy/industry? What was his or her occupation's branch of economy/industry? Interviewer! if the respondent named chose only one breadwinner, go to question 8 5222 1 25 7.48 5.479 [q6] And now, name the second breadwinner of your family. And now, name the second breadwinner of your family. Interviewer! Choose the relevant digit from the list in q.2 and write it in the cell 2663 1 9 2.02 .794 1 Father 277 2 Mother 2287 3 Mother's father 14 4 Mother's mother 40 5 Father's mother 7 6 Father's father 4 7 Father-in-law/stepfather 22 8 Mother-in-law/stepmother 3 9 Other relative 9 10 Lived in education institution 0 SYSMISS 2672 [q7] What was his or her occupation's branch of economy? What was his or her occupation's branch of economy? 2661 1 25 9.72 6.102 [q8] Was any of your family members a member of the CPSU? During the Soviet era, responsible hard-working citizens tried to become members of the CPSU - the Communist Party. Was any of your family members a member of the CPSU? 5335 1 9 2.82 2.657 1 Yes 1323 2 No 3197 9 Can't say 815 [q9_1] Which member of your family, including you, was a CPSU member in Soviet times? Which member of your family, including you, was a CPSU member in Soviet times? You can choose several answers. 1321 1 9 2.28 2.449 1 Father 865 2 Mother 202 3 I was 61 8 Other family member 182 9 Can't say 11 SYSMISS 4014 [q9_2] Which member of your family, including you, was a CPSU member in Soviet times? Which member of your family, including you, was a CPSU member in Soviet times? You can choose several answers 287 2 8 2.53 1.566 1 Father 0 2 Mother 239 3 I was 27 8 Other family member 21 9 Can't say 0 SYSMISS 5048 [q9_3] Which member of your family, including you, was a CPSU member in Soviet times? Which member of your family, including you, was a CPSU member in Soviet times? You can choose several answers 47 3 8 5.13 2.499 1 Father 0 2 Mother 0 3 I was 27 8 Other family member 20 9 Can't say 0 SYSMISS 5288 [q9_4] Which member of your family, including you, was a CPSU member in Soviet times? Which member of your family, including you, was a CPSU member in Soviet times? You can choose several answers 15 8 8 8.00 .000 1 Father 0 2 Mother 0 3 I was 0 8 Other family member 15 9 Can't say 0 SYSMISS 5320 [q10] What is your educational level? What is your educational level? Specify the highest level. 5335 1 9 4.99 1.645 1 Primary, less than 8 grades 30 2 Unfinished secondary 226 3 General secondary 896 4 Secondary special (vocational school) 1097 5 Secondary technical (technicum) 1161 6 Unfinished higher (no less than 3 years of university or institute) 294 7 Higher 1563 8 Higher scientific (graduate course) 56 9 Scientific degree 12 99 No parent 0 [q11_1] How many years did you study at the following institutions? Secondary school How many years did you study at the following institutions? Secondary school 5335 .50 14.00 9.7229 1.09649 [q11_2] How many years did you study at the following institutions? Vocational school How many years did you study at the following institutions? Vocational school 5335 .00 9.00 .5934 1.19519 [q11_3] How many years did you study at the following institutions? Art school, ballet, music school How many years did you study at the following institutions? Art school, ballet, music school 5335 .00 15.00 .2375 1.10712 [q11_4] How many years did you study at the following institutions? Technicum How many years did you study at the following institutions? Technicum 5335 .00 9.00 .9298 1.52936 [q11_5] How many years did you study at the following institutions? Worker's faculty, rabfak How many years did you study at the following institutions? Worker's faculty, rabfak 5335 .00 11.00 .0297 .34983 [q11_6] How many years did you study at the following institutions? Pre-university preparation course How many years did you study at the following institutions? Pre-university preparation course 5335 .00 6.00 .0464 .27745 [q11_7] How many years did you study at the following institutions? University How many years did you study at the following institutions? University 5335 .00 14.00 1.7977 2.40137 [q11_8] How many years did you study at the following institutions? Master's course How many years did you study at the following institutions? Master's course 5335 .00 6.50 .0141 .18291 [q11_9] How many years did you study at the following institutions? Post-graduate, doctoral studies How many years did you study at the following institutions? Post-graduate, doctoral studies 5335 .00 5.00 .0216 .25433 [q11_10] How many years did you study at the following institutions? Refreshing course How many years did you study at the following institutions? Refreshing course 5335 .00 5.00 .0655 .31900 [q11_11] How many years did you study at the following institutions? Training course How many years did you study at the following institutions? Training course 5335 .00 6.00 .0804 .42674 [q12] What was/is your father's educational level? What was/is your father's educational level? Specify the highest 5321 1 99 17.27 32.851 1 Primary, less than 8 grades 594 2 Unfinished secondary 410 3 General secondary 759 4 Secondary special (vocational school) 1023 5 Secondary technical (technicum) 807 6 Unfinished higher (no less than 3 years of university or institute) 72 7 Higher 780 8 Higher scientific (graduate course) 107 9 Scientific degree 31 99 No parent 738 SYSMISS 14 [q13] What was/is your mothers' educational level? What was/is your mothers' educational level? 5303 1 99 6.73 15.702 1 Primary, less than 8 grades 677 2 Unfinished secondary 444 3 General secondary 916 4 Secondary special (vocational school) 993 5 Secondary technical (technicum) 1017 6 Unfinished higher (no less than 3 years of university or institute) 110 7 Higher 865 8 Higher scientific (graduate course) 129 9 Scientific degree 5 99 No parent 147 SYSMISS 32 [q14] What was your first permanent job? What was your occupation and position on your workplace? What was your first permanent job? What was your occupation and position on your workplace? 5335 110 9999 6303.59 2701.615 [q15] How many years were you then? How many years were you then? 4532 4.00 55.00 19.5483 3.17514 [q16] Where did you live then? Where did you live then? 4585 1 6 3.29 1.361 1 In Moscow or St. Petersburg 476 2 In another city with a population of 500 thousand or more 1083 3 In a medium sized city (from population of 100 thousand to 499 thousand) 908 4 In a small city (population of less than 100 thousand) 913 5 Village or town 1175 6 Other 30 SYSMISS 750 [q17] In what branch of industry did you work then? In what branch of industry did you work then? 4596 1 25 8.59 5.470 [q18_1] How did you find your first job? How did you find your first job? You can select up to two 4596 1 99 9.95 20.217 1 Read the company advertisement 332 2 Read about it in the paper 171 3 Through the Internet 111 4 Friends and relatives helped me 1691 5 Through an employment agency 126 6 My school distributed me to it 896 7 My employer found me 185 8 Created the job myself 65 9 Randomly offered my services to possible employers 773 88 Other 106 99 Don't remember now 140 SYSMISS 739 [q18_2] How did you find your first job? How did you find your first job? You can select up to two 67 2 88 11.61 19.516 1 Read the company advertisement 0 2 Read about it in the paper 3 3 Through the Internet 5 4 Friends and relatives helped me 5 5 Through an employment agency 3 6 My school distributed me to it 9 7 My employer found me 12 8 Created the job myself 2 9 Randomly offered my services to possible employers 24 88 Other 4 99 Don't remember now 0 SYSMISS 5268 [q19] Are you employed at present? Are you employed at present? 5335 1 2 1.46 .498 1 Yes 2896 2 No 2439 [q20] Why are you not employed now? Why are you not employed now? Interviewer! If the respondent is on parental leave describe the last workplace before leave 2439 1 9 3.94 2.694 1 Retired because of age, or work duration 834 2 Retired because of invalid status 216 3 Parental leave 152 4 Long leave without pay 9 5 Unemployed 391 6 Housewife 299 7 Student 366 9 Other reason 172 SYSMISS 2896 [q21] What is your way of employment? Do you work in an organization or are you self-employed? What is your way of employment? Do you work in an organization or are you self-employed? 3057 1 2 1.08 .278 1 Work in an organization 2800 2 Self-employed 257 SYSMISS 2278 [q22_1] Why are you working independently/self-employed? Why are you working independently/self-employed? You can select up to two answers. 257 1 8 2.17 1.759 1 Chance to be independent 148 2 A possibility to choose where and how to work 37 3 A possibility to use one's skills 16 4 A possibility to get a higher income 20 5 Absence of other employment 21 6 Prospects for business development 7 7 A possibility to work in the family 3 8 Other reasons 5 SYSMISS 5078 [q22_2] Why are you working independently/self-employed? Why are you working independently/self-employed? You can select up to two answers. 126 2 8 3.95 1.419 1 Chance to be independent 0 2 A possibility to choose where and how to work 29 3 A possibility to use one's skills 11 4 A possibility to get a higher income 49 5 Absence of other employment 15 6 Prospects for business development 19 7 A possibility to work in the family 2 8 Other reasons 1 SYSMISS 5209 [q23] What is your main occupation at present? What is your main occupation at present? Characterize in a most detailed form your specialty and work position. 3057 110 9999 4968.63 2387.588 [q24] What is your branch of economy? What is your branch of economy? 3057 1 25 9.61 5.403 [q25] What are your relations with the employer? What are your relations with the employer? Are you permanently employed, work on contract or temporarily on oral agreement? 3057 1 9 1.90 2.011 1 Permanently employed 2255 2 Work on contract 254 3 Work on oral agreement 184 4 Work on a one-time contract 110 8 Not relevant 226 9 Hard to say 28 SYSMISS 2278 [q26_1] How did you get this job? How did you get this job? Select no more than two answers 3057 1 99 10.55 21.317 1 Responded to the enterprise announcement 268 2 Responded to a call in the paper 147 3 Via internet 246 4 Relatives or friends helped me 1016 5 Via recruiting agency 76 6 Directed by the university or school 155 7 Employer found me 175 8 Created the job myself 246 9 Offered my services to enterprises 539 88 Other 106 99 Don't remember 83 SYSMISS 2278 [q26_2] How did you get this job? How did you get this job? Select no more than two answers 76 3 88 10.05 16.067 1 Responded to the enterprise announcement 0 2 Responded to a call in the paper 0 3 Via internet 13 4 Relatives or friends helped me 6 5 Via recruiting agency 0 6 Directed by the university or school 3 7 Employer found me 19 8 Created the job myself 2 9 Offered my services to enterprises 30 88 Other 3 99 Don't remember 0 SYSMISS 5259 [q27] How many years have you been working at this work place? How many years have you been working at this work place? Attention, interviewer! The questions 28-29 for respondents in organizations only, self-employed outside organization, to question 30. 2987 .00 51.00 8.3780 8.16354 [q28] What is this organization? Now questions on the organization that you work in as your main workplace. What is this organization? State, private or foreign enterprise? 2799 1 9 1.81 1.329 1 State-owned 1153 2 Private 1526 3 Foreign enterprise 29 8 Other 46 9 Hard to tell 45 SYSMISS 2536 [q29] How many people work there? How many people work there? If you're not certain, please give a rough estimate. 2203 0 1000000 3218.45 47603.019 [q30] Did you change your job in the last 10 years? Did you change your job in the last 10 years? 3057 1 9 1.96 1.625 1 Yes 1114 2 No 1801 9 Not relevant 142 SYSMISS 2278 [q31] Do you have a second job? Today many people are eager to find a second job to earn money. Do you have a second job? 3057 1 2 1.90 .305 1 Yes 317 2 No 2740 SYSMISS 2278 [q32] What is the work? From all of your additional work, select the most important to you. What is the work? Please tell your specialty and position for this job. Interviewer! All sub-paragraphs should be given answers. 317 1114 9999 5507.27 2592.787 [q33] What is the branch of economy of your second job? What is the branch of economy of your second job? 317 1 25 11.34 5.013 [q34] Does your work allow you to decide yourself how and what to do, and fulfil your own ideas? Does your work allow you to decide yourself how and what to do, and fulfil your own ideas? 3057 1 2 1.52 .500 1 Yes 1473 2 No 1584 9 Hard to do 0 SYSMISS 2278 [q35] To what extent does your work allow you to determine the nature of the product or service produced by you? To what extent does your work allow you to determine the nature of the product or service produced by you? 3057 1 3 1.99 .839 1 To an insignificant degree 1093 2 Partly yes, partly no 905 3 To a significant degree 1059 9 Hard to say 0 SYSMISS 2278 [q36] To what extent can you determine how to work, at what pace, at what time? To what extent can you determine how to work, at what pace, at what time? 2966 1 3 2.01 .804 1 To an insignificant degree 944 2 Partly yes, partly no 1051 3 To a significant degree 971 9 Hard to say 0 SYSMISS 2369 [q37] To what extent does your work require new ideas and non-standard solutions from you? To what extent does your work require new ideas and non-standard solutions from you? 3057 1 3 1.87 .822 1 To an insignificant degree 1266 2 Partly yes, partly no 936 3 To a significant degree 855 9 Hard to say 0 SYSMISS 2278 [q38] To what extent do you have the opportunity to plan your work? To what extent do you have the opportunity to plan your work? 3057 1 9 2.21 1.366 1 To an insignificant degree 943 2 Partly yes, partly no 1017 3 To a significant degree 1018 9 Hard to say 79 SYSMISS 2278 [q39] To what extend does your work allow you to use your skills/qualifications and knowledge? To what extend does your work allow you to use your skills/qualifications and knowledge? 3057 1 9 2.46 1.377 1 To an insignificant degree 734 2 Partly yes, partly no 706 3 To a significant degree 1532 9 Hard to say 85 SYSMISS 2278 [q40] To what extent does your work correspond to the specialty that you received in educational institution? To what extent does your work correspond to the specialty that you received in educational institution? 3057 1 9 2.34 1.719 1 To an insignificant degree 1126 2 Partly yes, partly no 634 3 To a significant degree 1152 9 Hard to say 145 SYSMISS 2278 [q41] At your workplace, how much do you think is the propotion of those who, working in the same position as you, will receive a promotion in the next five years? At your workplace, how much do you think is the propotion of those who, working in the same position as you, will receive a promotion in the next five years? 3057 0 9 2.78 3.265 0 No one 855 1 A few 716 2 Minority 455 3 About half 270 4 Most 115 5 Everyone 52 9 Hard to say 594 SYSMISS 2278 [q42] How many hours per week do you work at your main work place? How many hours per week do you work at your main work place? 3027 0 168 43.27 14.280 [q43] In this work place, how often do you get physically tired? In this work place, how often do you get physically tired? 3057 1 9 3.54 1.247 1 Never 185 2 Rarely 385 3 Sometimes 915 4 Often 836 5 Almost always 713 9 Hard to say 23 SYSMISS 2278 [q44] In this work place, how often do you get mentally tired? In this work place, how often do you get mentally tired? 3057 1 9 3.19 1.295 1 Never 345 2 Rarely 477 3 Sometimes 1019 4 Often 795 5 Almost always 393 9 Hard to say 28 SYSMISS 2278 [q45] In this work place, how often do you have to accelerate your work pace? In this work place, how often do you have to accelerate your work pace? 3057 1 9 3.27 1.167 1 Never 221 2 Rarely 424 3 Sometimes 1160 4 Often 910 5 Almost always 317 9 Hard to say 25 SYSMISS 2278 [q46_1] In this work place, who generally makes decisions on the following issues? When to come to work In this work place, who generally makes decisions on the following issues? You, your boss, you and your boss together? When to come to work Interviewer! Only the respondents working in organizations respond in this section. If the respondent works independently, go to the question 58. 2800 1 8 2.05 .685 1 You 257 2 My boss 2248 3 Together 273 8 Hard to say 22 SYSMISS 2535 [q46_2] In this work place, who generally makes decisions on the following issues? When to leave work In this work place, who generally makes decisions on the following issues? You, your boss, you and your boss together? When to leave work Interviewer! Only the respondents working in organizations respond in this section. If the respondent works independently, go to the question 58. 2800 1 8 2.03 .735 1 You 342 2 My boss 2160 3 Together 273 8 Hard to say 25 SYSMISS 2535 [q46_3] In this work place, who generally makes decisions on the following issues? When to take a one day paid leave In this work place, who generally makes decisions on the following issues? You, your boss, you and your boss together? When to take a one day paid leave Interviewer! Only the respondents working in organizations respond in this section. If the respondent works independently, go to the question 58. 2800 1 8 2.29 1.210 1 You 503 2 My boss 1414 3 Together 799 8 Hard to say 84 SYSMISS 2535 [q46_4] In this work place, who generally makes decisions on the following issues? Which tasks to accomplish In this work place, who generally makes decisions on the following issues? You, your boss, you and your boss together? Which tasks to accomplish Interviewer! Only the respondents working in organizations respond in this section. If the respondent works independently, go to the question 58. 2800 1 8 2.11 .867 1 You 389 2 My boss 1886 3 Together 490 8 Hard to say 35 SYSMISS 2535 [q46_5] In this work place, who generally makes decisions on the following issues? When to slow the pace of work In this work place, who generally makes decisions on the following issues? You, your boss, you and your boss together? When to slow the pace of work Interviewer! Only the respondents working in organizations respond in this section. If the respondent works independently, go to the question 58. 2800 1 8 2.18 1.493 1 You 751 2 My boss 1513 3 Together 392 8 Hard to say 144 SYSMISS 2535 [q46_6] In this work place, who generally makes decisions on the following issues? When to go on vacation In this work place, who generally makes decisions on the following issues? You, your boss, you and your boss together? When to go on vacation Interviewer! Only the respondents working in organizations respond in this section. If the respondent works independently, go to the question 58. 2800 1 8 2.22 .998 1 You 554 2 My boss 1273 3 Together 933 8 Hard to say 40 SYSMISS 2535 [q47] To which of the following categories do you belong? To which of the following categories do you belong? 2800 1 9 2.88 .974 1 Manager of other managers 64 2 Manager of ordinary workers 537 3 Ordinary worker 2146 9 Not relevant 53 SYSMISS 2535 [q48] How many people work under your direct supervision? How many people work under your direct supervision? These are people whose task is to carry out your assignments. 593 0 532 14.28 36.136 [q49] Imagine a ladder of six steps. At the highest step is the director of the enterprise, at the lowest an ordinary worker. Which step are you on? Imagine a ladder of six steps. At the highest step is the director of the enterprise, at the lowest an ordinary worker. Which step are you on? 2800 1 9 5.45 1.319 1 Director 54 2 Lower than director, but higher than department manager 104 3 Department or shop manager 126 4 Lower than department manager 205 5 Shop or floor manager 233 6 Ordinary worker 2021 9 Hard to say 57 SYSMISS 2535 [q50] Does your official duty at the main place of work include managing subordinates or appointing other people for any type of work? Does your official duty at the main place of work include managing subordinates or appointing other people for any type of work? Interviewer! If the respondent in questions 47 and 49 answered "ordinary worker", and in the question 50 answered "no", go to question 52. 2800 1 2 1.77 .419 1 Yes 635 2 No 2165 SYSMISS 2535 [q51_1] To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Hiring employees To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Participate directly, take part in the discussion, do not participate? Hiring employees 698 1 3 1.81 .760 1 Do not participate 282 2 Take part in the discussion 269 3 Participate directly 147 SYSMISS 4637 [q51_2] To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Dismissing employees To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Participate directly, take part in the discussion, do not participate? Dismissing employees 698 1 3 1.81 .748 1 Do not participate 276 2 Take part in the discussion 282 3 Participate directly 140 SYSMISS 4637 [q51_3] To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Determining tasks to perform To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Participate directly, take part in the discussion, do not participate? Determining tasks to perform 698 1 3 2.28 .692 1 Do not participate 96 2 Take part in the discussion 309 3 Participate directly 293 SYSMISS 4637 [q51_4] To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Selecting materials To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Participate directly, take part in the discussion, do not participate? Selecting materials 696 1 3 2.16 .769 1 Do not participate 158 2 Take part in the discussion 267 3 Participate directly 271 SYSMISS 4639 [q51_5] To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Determining the volume of work To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Participate directly, take part in the discussion, do not participate? Determining the volume of work 697 1 3 2.19 .752 1 Do not participate 144 2 Take part in the discussion 280 3 Participate directly 273 SYSMISS 4638 [q51_6] To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Distributing the enterprise budget To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Participate directly, take part in the discussion, do not participate? Distributing the enterprise budget 698 1 3 1.50 .727 1 Do not participate 447 2 Take part in the discussion 154 3 Participate directly 97 SYSMISS 4637 [q51_7] To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Setting the pay level To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Participate directly, take part in the discussion, do not participate? Setting the pay level 698 1 3 1.51 .707 1 Do not participate 430 2 Take part in the discussion 181 3 Participate directly 87 SYSMISS 4637 [q51_8] To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Imposing sanctions To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Participate directly, take part in the discussion, do not participate? Imposing sanctions 698 1 3 1.78 .761 1 Do not participate 297 2 Take part in the discussion 260 3 Participate directly 141 SYSMISS 4637 [q51_9] To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Buying equipment To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Participate directly, take part in the discussion, do not participate? Buying equipment 698 1 3 1.67 .741 1 Do not participate 342 2 Take part in the discussion 241 3 Participate directly 115 SYSMISS 4637 [q51_10] To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Determining the variety of goods and services To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Participate directly, take part in the discussion, do not participate? Determining the variety of goods and services 698 1 3 1.59 .741 1 Do not participate 392 2 Take part in the discussion 199 3 Participate directly 107 SYSMISS 4637 [q51_11] To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Deciding to take credit To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Participate directly, take part in the discussion, do not participate? Deciding to take credit 698 1 3 1.33 .645 1 Do not participate 537 2 Take part in the discussion 93 3 Participate directly 68 SYSMISS 4637 [q51_12] To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Deciding partners of the enterprise To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Participate directly, take part in the discussion, do not participate? Deciding partners of the enterprise 698 1 3 1.45 .686 1 Do not participate 465 2 Take part in the discussion 155 3 Participate directly 78 SYSMISS 4637 [q51_13] To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Work results evaluation To what extent do you participate in the following issues regarding employees in your unit or the enterprise as a whole? Participate directly, take part in the discussion, do not participate? Work results evaluation 698 1 3 2.01 .726 1 Do not participate 179 2 Take part in the discussion 330 3 Participate directly 189 SYSMISS 4637 [q52_1] Are the following tasks included in your primary job obligations? Determining work tasks for employees, assigning them to any type of work Are the following tasks included in your primary job obligations? Determining work tasks for employees, assigning them to any type of work 2800 1 2 1.78 .412 1 Yes 607 2 No 2193 SYSMISS 2535 [q52_2] Are the following tasks included in your primary job obligations? Selecting instruments or materials to be used by other workers Are the following tasks included in your primary job obligations? Selecting instruments or materials to be used by other workers 2800 1 2 1.81 .392 1 Yes 531 2 No 2269 SYSMISS 2535 [q52_3] Are the following tasks included in your primary job obligations? Determining the pace of work for others Are the following tasks included in your primary job obligations? Determining the pace of work for others 2800 1 2 1.79 .405 1 Yes 579 2 No 2221 SYSMISS 2535 [q52_4] Are the following tasks included in your primary job obligations? Determing the duration of work for others Are the following tasks included in your primary job obligations? Determing the duration of work for others 2800 1 2 1.87 .340 1 Yes 374 2 No 2426 SYSMISS 2535 [q52_5] Are the following tasks included in your primary job obligations? Determining the volume of work for others Are the following tasks included in your primary job obligations? Determining the volume of work for others 2800 1 2 1.80 .404 1 Yes 573 2 No 2227 SYSMISS 2535 [q52_6] Are the following tasks included in your primary job obligations? Evaluation of quality of work accomplished Are the following tasks included in your primary job obligations? Evaluation of quality of work accomplished 2800 1 2 1.71 .453 1 Yes 804 2 No 1996 SYSMISS 2535 [q53_1] Can you influence the solution of the following questions? Promoting and raising salary for other workers Can you influence the solution of the following questions? Promoting and raising salary for other workers 2800 1 2 1.89 .317 1 Yes 317 2 No 2483 SYSMISS 2535 [q53_2] Can you influence the solution of the following questions? Blocking salary raise for other worker Can you influence the solution of the following questions? Blocking salary raise for other worker 2800 1 2 1.89 .310 1 Yes 301 2 No 2499 SYSMISS 2535 [q53_3] Can you influence the solution of the following questions? Dismissing other workers Can you influence the solution of the following questions? Dismissing other workers 2800 1 2 1.87 .331 1 Yes 351 2 No 2449 SYSMISS 2535 [q53_4] Can you influence the solution of the following questions? Reprimanding other workers Can you influence the solution of the following questions? Reprimanding other workers 2800 1 2 1.85 .359 1 Yes 425 2 No 2375 SYSMISS 2535 [q53_5] Can you influence the solution of the following questions? Other types of incentives or punishments Can you influence the solution of the following questions? Other types of incentives or punishments 2800 1 2 1.84 .371 1 Yes 462 2 No 2338 SYSMISS 2535 [q53_6] Can you influence the solution of the following questions? Evaluation of work performed Can you influence the solution of the following questions? Evaluation of work performed 2800 1 2 1.72 .449 1 Yes 781 2 No 2019 SYSMISS 2535 [q54_1] How have the following characteristics of your workplace changed over the past five years? Possibility to use your own skills, qualification, knowledge How have the following characteristics of your workplace changed over the past five years? For the better, for the worse, remained the same? Possibility to use your own skills, qualification, knowledge 2800 1 9 6.79 3.178 1 Worsened 33 2 Unchanged 612 3 Improved 274 9 Less than 5 years in the workplace 1881 SYSMISS 2535 [q54_2] How have the following characteristics of your workplace changed over the past five years? Salary level How have the following characteristics of your workplace changed over the past five years? For the better, for the worse, remained the same? Salary level 2800 1 9 6.78 3.201 1 Worsened 126 2 Unchanged 454 3 Improved 338 9 Less than 5 years in the workplace 1882 SYSMISS 2535 [q54_3] How have the following characteristics of your workplace changed over the past five years? Relations between managers and workers How have the following characteristics of your workplace changed over the past five years? For the better, for the worse, remained the same? Relations between managers and workers 2800 1 9 6.77 3.220 1 Worsened 56 2 Unchanged 658 3 Improved 197 9 Less than 5 years in the workplace 1889 SYSMISS 2535 [q54_4] How have the following characteristics of your workplace changed over the past five years? Social benefits How have the following characteristics of your workplace changed over the past five years? For the better, for the worse, remained the same? Social benefits 2800 1 9 6.73 3.296 1 Worsened 100 2 Unchanged 729 3 Improved 75 9 Less than 5 years in the workplace 1896 SYSMISS 2535 [q54_5] How have the following characteristics of your workplace changed over the past five years? A possibility to get a raise How have the following characteristics of your workplace changed over the past five years? For the better, for the worse, remained the same? A possibility to get a raise 2800 1 9 6.77 3.253 1 Worsened 64 2 Unchanged 722 3 Improved 114 9 Less than 5 years in the workplace 1900 SYSMISS 2535 [q54_6] How have the following characteristics of your workplace changed over the past five years? Technical provision How have the following characteristics of your workplace changed over the past five years? For the better, for the worse, remained the same? Technical provision 2800 1 9 6.79 3.194 1 Worsened 57 2 Unchanged 602 3 Improved 251 9 Less than 5 years in the workplace 1890 SYSMISS 2535 [q55] Is there a trade union at your enterprise? Is there a trade union at your enterprise? 2800 1 2 1.68 .467 1 Yes 899 2 No 1901 SYSMISS 2535 [q56_1] Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Hiring new employees Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Use a five-point scale on which "5" means "a lot of influence" and "1" means "no influence": Hiring new employees 899 1 9 3.52 3.111 1 No influence 393 2 2 72 3 3 129 4 4 68 5 A lot of influence 41 9 Hard to say 196 SYSMISS 4436 [q56_2] Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Dismissing employees Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Use a five-point scale on which "5" means "a lot of influence" and "1" means "no influence": Dismissing employees 899 1 9 3.61 2.943 1 No influence 317 2 2 86 3 3 171 4 4 100 5 A lot of influence 45 9 Hard to say 180 SYSMISS 4436 [q56_3] Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Fines, penalties, sanctions Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Use a five-point scale on which "5" means "a lot of influence" and "1" means "no influence": Fines, penalties, sanctions 899 1 9 3.69 3.023 1 No influence 317 2 2 98 3 3 148 4 4 94 5 A lot of influence 48 9 Hard to say 194 SYSMISS 4436 [q56_4] Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Salary, guarantees and compensation Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Use a five-point scale on which "5" means "a lot of influence" and "1" means "no influence": Salary, guarantees and compensation 899 1 9 3.75 2.874 1 No influence 274 2 2 96 3 3 155 4 4 131 5 A lot of influence 67 9 Hard to say 176 SYSMISS 4436 [q56_5] Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Workplace security Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Use a five-point scale on which "5" means "a lot of influence" and "1" means "no influence": Workplace security 899 1 9 3.87 2.688 1 No influence 233 2 2 77 3 3 151 4 4 162 5 A lot of influence 123 9 Hard to say 153 SYSMISS 4436 [q56_6] Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Working conditions Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Use a five-point scale on which "5" means "a lot of influence" and "1" means "no influence": Working conditions 899 1 9 3.88 2.625 1 No influence 208 2 2 81 3 3 182 4 4 156 5 A lot of influence 124 9 Hard to say 148 SYSMISS 4436 [q56_7] Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Getting benefits stipulated by the labor contract Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Use a five-point scale on which "5" means "a lot of influence" and "1" means "no influence": Getting benefits stipulated by the labor contract 899 1 9 4.16 2.551 1 No influence 158 2 2 65 3 3 179 4 4 189 5 A lot of influence 154 9 Hard to say 154 SYSMISS 4436 [q56_8] Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Fullfilling worker dismissal guarantees Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Use a five-point scale on which "5" means "a lot of influence" and "1" means "no influence": Fullfilling worker dismissal guarantees 899 1 9 4.18 2.729 1 No influence 188 2 2 63 3 3 169 4 4 170 5 A lot of influence 130 9 Hard to say 179 SYSMISS 4436 [q56_9] Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Working hours and leisure Determine the degree of influence of the trade union on the solution of the following questions. Use a five-point scale on which "5" means "a lot of influence" and "1" means "no influence": Working hours and leisure 899 1 9 4.02 2.670 1 No influence 195 2 2 77 3 3 180 4 4 153 5 A lot of influence 133 9 Hard to say 161 SYSMISS 4436 [q57] Is the respondent a trade union member? Is the respondent a trade union member? 899 1 2 1.43 .496 1 Yes 511 2 No 388 SYSMISS 4436 [q58] Have you been unemployed since 2008? Have you been unemployed since 2008? 5335 1 2 1.77 .421 1 Yes 1231 2 No 4104 [q59] Has the respondent been dismissed since 2008? Has the respondent been dismissed since 2008? Interviewer! Next question asked only from who responded "yes" at one of the previous two questions. Others move to question 61. 5335 1 2 1.87 .337 1 Yes 699 2 No 4636 [q60_1] How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Received compensation from employers since 2008? How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Received compensation from employers since 2008? 1349 1 2 1.87 .334 1 Yes 172 2 No 1177 SYSMISS 3986 [q60_2] How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent been in petty trade since 2008? How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent been in petty trade since 2008? 1349 1 2 1.88 .321 1 Yes 157 2 No 1192 SYSMISS 3986 [q60_3] How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent received any benefits from federal or local authorities? How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent received any benefits from federal or local authorities? 1349 1 2 1.79 .410 1 Yes 289 2 No 1060 SYSMISS 3986 [q60_4] How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent done any menial jobs since 2008? How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent done any menial jobs since 2008? 1349 1 2 1.56 .497 1 Yes 595 2 No 754 SYSMISS 3986 [q60_5] How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent sold any of his things since 2008? How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent sold any of his things since 2008? 1349 1 2 1.93 .252 1 Yes 92 2 No 1257 SYSMISS 3986 [q60_6] How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent lived on his savings since 2008? How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent lived on his savings since 2008? 1349 1 2 1.76 .425 1 Yes 319 2 No 1030 SYSMISS 3986 [q60_7] How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent got a bank credit since 2008? How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent got a bank credit since 2008? 1349 1 2 1.92 .269 1 Yes 106 2 No 1243 SYSMISS 3986 [q60_8] How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent got any material support from relatives since 2008? How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent got any material support from relatives since 2008? 1349 1 2 1.48 .500 1 Yes 701 2 No 648 SYSMISS 3986 [q60_9] How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent got any material assistance from their friends since 2008? How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent got any material assistance from their friends since 2008? 1349 1 2 1.90 .298 1 Yes 133 2 No 1216 SYSMISS 3986 [q60_10] How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent lived off his landplot or farmland since 2008? How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent lived off his landplot or farmland since 2008? 1349 1 2 1.80 .401 1 Yes 271 2 No 1078 SYSMISS 3986 [q60_11] How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent got a new job immediately? How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Has the respondent got a new job immediately? 1349 1 2 1.87 .338 1 Yes 177 2 No 1172 SYSMISS 3986 [q60_12] How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Other How did you manage to survive in this situation? How did you provide yourself and your family financially? Other 1349 1 2 1.90 .300 1 Yes 135 2 No 1214 SYSMISS 3986 [q61] What is your family status? What is your family status? 5335 1 9 2.51 1.661 1 Single/not married 1383 2 Married 2677 3 Married, living separated 43 4 Lived in an unregistered marriage 243 5 Divorced 526 6 Widowed 397 8 Do not want to answer 47 9 Other 19 [q62] Where does your spouse work? Where does your spouse work? Describe his/her main place of work. 2919 110 9999 6593.39 2627.486 [q63] Do you have children? Do you have children? 5335 1 2 1.30 .456 1 Yes 3759 2 No 1576 [q64] How many children? How many children? 3749 1 5 1.72 .785 1 One 1657 2 Two 1614 3 Three 377 4 Four 68 5 More than four 33 SYSMISS 1586 [q65] How many of them are underage? How many of them are underage? 3760 1 9 5.40 3.792 1 One 1114 2 Two 555 3 Three 100 4 Four 20 5 More than four 6 9 All are 1965 SYSMISS 1575 [q66] How many of them are in school age? How many of them are in school age? 1794 1 9 3.89 3.707 1 One 932 2 Two 226 3 Three 18 4 Four 3 5 More than four 1 9 All are 614 SYSMISS 3541 [q67] Who primarily takes care of them in the daytime? Who primarily takes care of them in the daytime? 1180 1 8 2.71 2.330 1 Mother 714 2 Father 15 3 Grandmother or grandfather 107 4 Another relative 3 5 Nanny 5 6 They go to municipal kindergarten 290 7 They go to private kindergarten 17 8 Other 29 SYSMISS 4155 [q68] How many members of your family, including you, live under the same roof? How many members of your family, including you, live under the same roof? 5335 1 11 2.95 1.348 [q69_1] Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? You can choose multiple answers. 5335 1 99 15.25 33.352 1 Spouse 2978 2 Your children 560 3 Adopted children 8 4 Your parents 989 5 Spouse's parents 8 6 Your spouse's children from another marriage 0 7 Your siblings 44 8 Your spouse's siblings 4 88 Other relatives 69 99 Not relevant 675 [q69_2] Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? You can choose multiple answers. 2618 1 99 8.15 20.731 1 Spouse 1 2 Your children 1926 3 Adopted children 22 4 Your parents 172 5 Spouse's parents 30 6 Your spouse's children from another marriage 11 7 Your siblings 278 8 Your spouse's siblings 14 88 Other relatives 163 99 Not relevant 1 SYSMISS 2717 [q69_3] Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? You can choose multiple answers. 413 3 88 30.40 38.654 1 Spouse 0 2 Your children 0 3 Adopted children 7 4 Your parents 176 5 Spouse's parents 75 6 Your spouse's children from another marriage 0 7 Your siblings 23 8 Your spouse's siblings 4 88 Other relatives 128 99 Not relevant 0 SYSMISS 4922 [q69_4] Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? You can choose multiple answers. 41 5 88 42.51 40.746 1 Spouse 0 2 Your children 0 3 Adopted children 0 4 Your parents 0 5 Spouse's parents 3 6 Your spouse's children from another marriage 0 7 Your siblings 16 8 Your spouse's siblings 4 88 Other relatives 18 99 Not relevant 0 SYSMISS 5294 [q69_5] Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? You can choose multiple answers. 5 8 88 72.00 35.777 1 Spouse 0 2 Your children 0 3 Adopted children 0 4 Your parents 0 5 Spouse's parents 0 6 Your spouse's children from another marriage 0 7 Your siblings 0 8 Your spouse's siblings 1 88 Other relatives 4 99 Not relevant 0 SYSMISS 5330 [q69_6] Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? You can choose multiple answers. 0 0 0 0 0 1 Spouse 0 2 Your children 0 3 Adopted children 0 4 Your parents 0 5 Spouse's parents 0 6 Your spouse's children from another marriage 0 7 Your siblings 0 8 Your spouse's siblings 0 88 Other relatives 0 99 Not relevant 0 SYSMISS 5335 [q69_7] Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? You can choose multiple answers. 0 0 0 0 0 1 Spouse 0 2 Your children 0 3 Adopted children 0 4 Your parents 0 5 Spouse's parents 0 6 Your spouse's children from another marriage 0 7 Your siblings 0 8 Your spouse's siblings 0 88 Other relatives 0 99 Not relevant 0 SYSMISS 5335 [q69_8] Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? You can choose multiple answers. 0 0 0 0 0 1 Spouse 0 2 Your children 0 3 Adopted children 0 4 Your parents 0 5 Spouse's parents 0 6 Your spouse's children from another marriage 0 7 Your siblings 0 8 Your spouse's siblings 0 88 Other relatives 0 99 Not relevant 0 SYSMISS 5335 [q69_9] Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? Which members of your family live with you under the same roof? You can choose multiple answers. 8 88 88 88.00 .000 [q70] Do you have to take care of elderly members of your family - your parents or the spouse's parents? Do you have to take care of elderly members of your family - your parents or the spouse's parents? 5335 1 2 1.80 .399 1 Yes 1061 2 No 4274 [q71_1] How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Going to a concert or theater How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Going to a concert or theater 5335 1 9 4.52 3.254 1 Less frequently 1574 2 3-6 times a year 974 3 Every month 317 4 Every week 56 5 Every day 9 8 Never 2290 9 Hard to say 115 [q71_2] How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Going to libraries How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Going to libraries 5335 1 9 6.05 2.943 1 Less frequently 901 2 3-6 times a year 333 3 Every month 284 4 Every week 170 5 Every day 36 8 Never 3481 9 Hard to say 130 [q71_3] How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Visiting local leisure centres How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Visiting local leisure centres 5335 1 9 5.67 3.093 1 Less frequently 986 2 3-6 times a year 628 3 Every month 284 4 Every week 98 5 Every day 26 8 Never 3174 9 Hard to say 139 [q71_4] How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Going to cafes, bars, pubs How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Going to cafes, bars, pubs 5335 1 9 4.55 2.988 1 Less frequently 961 2 3-6 times a year 1043 3 Every month 846 4 Every week 316 5 Every day 21 8 Never 2018 9 Hard to say 130 [q71_5] How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Visiting friends, relatives How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Visiting friends, relatives 5335 1 9 3.38 1.754 1 Less frequently 436 2 3-6 times a year 1118 3 Every month 1865 4 Every week 1277 5 Every day 183 8 Never 375 9 Hard to say 81 [q71_6] How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Receiving friends, relatives How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Receiving friends, relatives 5335 1 9 3.32 1.749 1 Less frequently 490 2 3-6 times a year 1173 3 Every month 1811 4 Every week 1258 5 Every day 174 8 Never 335 9 Hard to say 94 [q71_7] How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Going to the cinema How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Going to the cinema 5335 1 9 4.41 2.993 1 Less frequently 1062 2 3-6 times a year 1070 3 Every month 872 4 Every week 254 5 Every day 19 8 Never 1948 9 Hard to say 110 [q71_8] How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Going to a restaurant How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Going to a restaurant 5335 1 9 5.17 3.211 1 Less frequently 1265 2 3-6 times a year 697 3 Every month 341 4 Every week 115 5 Every day 23 8 Never 2734 9 Hard to say 160 [q71_9] How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Taking up sports, training How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Taking up sports, training 5335 1 9 5.58 2.667 1 Less frequently 588 2 3-6 times a year 303 3 Every month 435 4 Every week 871 5 Every day 496 8 Never 2468 9 Hard to say 174 [q71_10] How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Drinking in the company of friends How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Drinking in the company of friends 5335 1 9 4.43 2.888 1 Less frequently 855 2 3-6 times a year 998 3 Every month 1099 4 Every week 410 5 Every day 44 8 Never 1730 9 Hard to say 199 [q71_11] How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Going outdoors How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Going outdoors 5335 1 9 4.18 1.910 1 Less frequently 313 2 3-6 times a year 543 3 Every month 1045 4 Every week 1698 5 Every day 1016 8 Never 603 9 Hard to say 117 [q71_12] How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Visiting social networks How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Visiting social networks 5335 1 9 5.59 2.085 1 Less frequently 203 2 3-6 times a year 127 3 Every month 334 4 Every week 927 5 Every day 1802 8 Never 1806 9 Hard to say 136 [q71_13] How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Playing computer games How often do you spend time on the following pastimes? Playing computer games 5335 1 9 6.11 2.454 1 Less frequently 365 2 3-6 times a year 196 3 Every month 384 4 Every week 649 5 Every day 665 8 Never 2896 9 Hard to say 180 [q72_1] How important to your family are the following sources of income? Main job salary How important to your family are the following sources of income? Main job salary 5335 1 9 5.65 1.536 1 Not important 58 2 A little bit important 34 3 Important 112 4 4 194 5 Very important 3552 8 No such source 1313 9 Hard to say 72 [q72_2] How important to your family are the following sources of income? Second job salary How important to your family are the following sources of income? Second job salary 5335 1 9 6.86 2.064 1 Not important 175 2 A little bit important 119 3 Important 246 4 4 321 5 Very important 602 8 No such source 3719 9 Hard to say 153 [q72_3] How important to your family are the following sources of income? Relatives' assistance How important to your family are the following sources of income? Relatives' assistance 5335 1 9 5.78 2.461 1 Not important 322 2 A little bit important 310 3 Important 597 4 4 524 5 Very important 922 8 No such source 2554 9 Hard to say 106 [q72_4] How important to your family are the following sources of income? Selling landplot yields How important to your family are the following sources of income? Selling landplot yields 5335 1 9 7.05 2.157 1 Not important 313 2 A little bit important 136 3 Important 211 4 4 154 5 Very important 172 8 No such source 4231 9 Hard to say 118 [q72_5] How important to your family are the following sources of income? Selling nature products How important to your family are the following sources of income? Selling nature products 5335 1 9 7.20 2.064 1 Not important 312 2 A little bit important 115 3 Important 164 4 4 97 5 Very important 108 8 No such source 4419 9 Hard to say 120 [q72_6] How important to your family are the following sources of income? Small scale trade How important to your family are the following sources of income? Small scale trade 5335 1 9 7.27 1.975 1 Not important 290 2 A little bit important 84 3 Important 144 4 4 92 5 Very important 134 8 No such source 4462 9 Hard to say 129 [q72_7] How important to your family are the following sources of income? Pensions, social benefits How important to your family are the following sources of income? Pensions, social benefits 5335 1 9 6.23 2.115 1 Not important 209 2 A little bit important 141 3 Important 239 4 4 262 5 Very important 1662 8 No such source 2717 9 Hard to say 105 [q72_8] How important to your family are the following sources of income? Renting out an apartment How important to your family are the following sources of income? Renting out an apartment 5335 1 9 7.32 1.877 1 Not important 237 2 A little bit important 74 3 Important 144 4 4 111 5 Very important 164 8 No such source 4477 9 Hard to say 128 [q72_9] How important to your family are the following sources of income? Interest on bank deposits How important to your family are the following sources of income? Interest on bank deposits 5335 1 9 7.09 2.098 1 Not important 259 2 A little bit important 168 3 Important 190 4 4 146 5 Very important 215 8 No such source 4219 9 Hard to say 138 [q72_10] How important to your family are the following sources of income? Savings How important to your family are the following sources of income? Savings 5335 1 9 6.74 2.217 1 Not important 218 2 A little bit important 196 3 Important 326 4 4 275 5 Very important 477 8 No such source 3709 9 Hard to say 134 [q72_11] How important to your family are the following sources of income? Investment in bonds and shares How important to your family are the following sources of income? Investment in bonds and shares 5335 1 9 7.37 1.871 1 Not important 252 2 A little bit important 88 3 Important 123 4 4 81 5 Very important 82 8 No such source 4571 9 Hard to say 138 [q72_12] How important to your family are the following sources of income? Occasional work How important to your family are the following sources of income? Occasional work 5335 1 9 6.76 2.197 1 Not important 210 2 A little bit important 179 3 Important 336 4 4 293 5 Very important 441 8 No such source 3754 9 Hard to say 122 [q72_13] How important to your family are the following sources of income? Charity How important to your family are the following sources of income? Charity 5335 1 9 7.35 1.915 1 Not important 252 2 A little bit important 98 3 Important 161 4 4 81 5 Very important 53 8 No such source 4530 9 Hard to say 160 [q72_14] How important to your family are the following sources of income? Other How important to your family are the following sources of income? Other 5335 1 9 7.59 1.803 1 Not important 219 2 A little bit important 60 3 Important 119 4 4 66 5 Very important 62 8 No such source 4053 9 Hard to say 756 [q73] If you work, how is your work paid at your main work place? If you work, how is your work paid at your main work place? 3034 1 9 3.34 1.536 1 Individual volume of work 621 2 Collective volume of work 196 3 Time on the job 293 4 Fixed salary 1651 5 Depends on the profit of the enterprise 191 8 Other 49 9 Hard to say 33 SYSMISS 2301 [q74] What is your total monthly income, including all sources? (rubles) What is your total monthly income, including all sources? (rubles) 3622 100 410000 22249.38 20307.725 [q75] What is the total monthly income of your family, including all sources? (rubles) What is the total monthly income of your family, including all sources? (rubles) 3542 100 500000 40163.71 32799.768 [q76_1] Which state benefits do you receive? Unemployment benefit Which state benefits do you receive? Unemployment benefit 5335 1 2 1.98 .131 1 Yes 93 2 No 5242 [q76_2] Which state benefits do you receive? Child benefit Which state benefits do you receive? Child benefit 5335 1 2 1.87 .335 1 Yes 686 2 No 4649 [q76_3] Which state benefits do you receive? Allowance for adopted children Which state benefits do you receive? Allowance for adopted children 5335 1 2 2.00 .056 1 Yes 17 2 No 5318 [q76_4] Which state benefits do you receive? Housing benefits Which state benefits do you receive? Housing benefits 5335 1 2 1.90 .300 1 Yes 533 2 No 4802 [q76_5] Which state benefits do you receive? Allowance for the handicapped Which state benefits do you receive? Allowance for the handicapped 5335 1 2 1.94 .241 1 Yes 331 2 No 5004 [q76_6] Which state benefits do you receive? Pensions Which state benefits do you receive? Pensions 5335 1 2 1.75 .431 1 Yes 1317 2 No 4018 [q76_7] Which state benefits do you receive? Medicine purchase benefit Which state benefits do you receive? Medicine purchase benefit 5335 1 2 1.94 .241 1 Yes 331 2 No 5004 [q76_8] Which state benefits do you receive? Other Which state benefits do you receive? Other 5335 1 2 1.97 .173 1 Yes 165 2 No 5170 [q77] Have you received maternity capital in the last 5 years? Have you received maternity capital in the last 5 years? 2828 1 2 1.84 .363 1 Yes 442 2 No 2386 9 Not applicable 0 SYSMISS 2507 [q78_1] Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Faster access to housing Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Faster access to housing 5335 1 9 6.19 3.424 1 Yes 38 2 No 2087 8 Hard to say 102 9 Not applicable 3108 [q78_2] Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Kindergarten Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Kindergarten 5335 1 9 6.31 3.427 1 Yes 171 2 No 1844 8 Hard to say 101 9 Not applicable 3219 [q78_3] Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Privileged access to rest homes or sanatoria Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Privileged access to rest homes or sanatoria 5335 1 9 6.03 3.513 1 Yes 340 2 No 1860 8 Hard to say 128 9 Not applicable 3007 [q78_4] Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Privileged food pricing in a cafeteria Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Privileged food pricing in a cafeteria 5335 1 9 5.94 3.523 1 Yes 303 2 No 1970 8 Hard to say 86 9 Not applicable 2976 [q78_5] Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Work clothes Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Work clothes 5335 1 9 5.74 3.666 1 Yes 875 2 No 1479 8 Hard to say 60 9 Not applicable 2921 [q78_6] Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Coverage of travel to workplace and back Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Coverage of travel to workplace and back 5335 1 9 5.97 3.502 1 Yes 217 2 No 2047 8 Hard to say 81 9 Not applicable 2990 [q78_7] Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Privileged access to food products Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Privileged access to food products 5335 1 9 6.01 3.468 1 Yes 87 2 No 2166 8 Hard to say 86 9 Not applicable 2996 [q78_8] Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Privileged access to consumer goods Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Privileged access to consumer goods 5335 1 9 6.03 3.457 1 Yes 54 2 No 2188 8 Hard to say 92 9 Not applicable 3001 [q78_9] Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Holiday payment Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Holiday payment 5335 1 9 5.34 3.877 1 Yes 1907 2 No 602 8 Hard to say 53 9 Not applicable 2773 [q78_10] Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Sick leave payment Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Sick leave payment 5335 1 9 5.44 3.813 1 Yes 1575 2 No 904 8 Hard to say 67 9 Not applicable 2789 [q78_11] Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Medical insurance Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Medical insurance 5335 1 9 5.59 3.747 1 Yes 1279 2 No 1119 8 Hard to say 110 9 Not applicable 2827 [q78_12] Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Covering education costs Which of the following social benefits do you get at your workplace now? Covering education costs 5335 1 9 6.32 3.409 1 Yes 125 2 No 1879 8 Hard to say 127 9 Not applicable 3204 [q79] What are your living conditions? What are your living conditions? 5335 1 8 1.91 1.085 1 Own house 1467 2 Apartment in a block of flats 3570 3 Rooms in a communal apartment 89 4 A room in a hostel 77 5 Rooms in a barack 11 8 Other 121 [q80] What is the total area of the house or apartment in which you live? (square metres) What is the total area of the house or apartment in which you live? Indicate in square metres. 5190 .00 80000.00 70.8335 1110.12900 [q81] I will read to you characteristics of several groups. Which one do you relate to? I will read to you characteristics of several groups. Which one do you relate to? 5316 1 6 3.36 .855 1 We cannot make ends meet. 106 2 We have money only for food. 540 3 We are able to buy food and clothes. However, we have problem when there is a need to buy durables. 2420 4 We have enough money for food, clothes and durables. But things that are expensive are beyond our means. 1852 5 We can buy durables without any problems. However, we do not have a chance to go for really expensive things. 363 6 We have no material problems. 35 SYSMISS 19 [q82] How has your financial situation changed since 2010? How has your financial situation changed since 2010? 5335 1 9 3.14 1.438 1 Significantly deteriorated 258 2 Decreased 1401 3 Has not changed 2186 4 Has improved 1117 5 Significantly improved 166 8 Not applicable 49 9 Hard to tell 158 [q83] Has your marital status changed since 2010? Has your marital status changed since 2010? 5335 1 2 1.76 .429 1 Yes 1301 2 No 4034 [q84_1] How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Medical drugs How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Medical drugs 3913 1 9 2.99 1.680 1 Decreased 131 2 No change 1438 3 Increased 2042 8 No such expense 163 9 Hard to say 139 SYSMISS 1422 [q84_2] How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Food How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Food 3916 1 9 2.81 1.013 1 Decreased 158 2 No change 869 3 Increased 2811 8 No such expense 14 9 Hard to say 64 SYSMISS 1419 [q84_3] How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Hobbies, leisure How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Hobbies, leisure 3909 1 9 4.61 2.886 1 Decreased 208 2 No change 1241 3 Increased 896 8 No such expense 1424 9 Hard to say 140 SYSMISS 1426 [q84_4] How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Travel How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Travel 3907 1 9 5.15 2.949 1 Decreased 256 2 No change 933 3 Increased 778 8 No such expense 1798 9 Hard to say 142 SYSMISS 1428 [q84_5] How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Big buys (a car) How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Big buys (a car) 3906 1 9 5.65 2.888 1 Decreased 217 2 No change 734 3 Increased 677 8 No such expense 2144 9 Hard to say 134 SYSMISS 1429 [q84_6] How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Small buys (clothes) How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Small buys (clothes) 3911 1 9 2.96 1.710 1 Decreased 261 2 No change 1332 3 Increased 1998 8 No such expense 223 9 Hard to say 97 SYSMISS 1424 [q84_7] How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Children education How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Children education 3906 1 9 5.43 2.805 1 Decreased 68 2 No change 743 3 Increased 1054 8 No such expense 1888 9 Hard to say 153 SYSMISS 1429 [q84_8] How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Communal payments How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Communal payments 3915 1 9 3.12 1.368 1 Decreased 54 2 No change 590 3 Increased 3055 8 No such expense 109 9 Hard to say 107 SYSMISS 1420 [q84_9] How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Tax payments How have the following expenses of your family changed this year, compared to 2010? Tax payments 3898 1 9 4.28 2.657 1 Decreased 46 2 No change 1050 3 Increased 1644 8 No such expense 822 9 Hard to say 336 SYSMISS 1437 [q85] What do you expect from the future? How do you assume your financial situation will change in the next three years? What do you expect from the future? How do you assume your financial situation will change in the next three years? 5335 1 9 4.07 2.119 1 Deteriorate significantly 215 2 Deteriorate slightly 621 3 Will not change 1760 4 Improve slightly 1465 5 Improve significantly 585 9 Hard to say 689 [q86_1] How do you and your family receive medical services? We go to a local polyclinic or hospital How do you and your family receive medical services? We go to a local polyclinic or hospital 5335 1 2 1.07 .259 1 Yes 4949 2 No 386 [q86_2] How do you and your family receive medical services? We use medical services provided by workplace How do you and your family receive medical services? We use medical services provided by workplace 5335 1 2 1.88 .328 1 Yes 652 2 No 4683 [q86_3] How do you and your family receive medical services? We go to private clinics and specialists How do you and your family receive medical services? We go to private clinics and specialists 5335 1 2 1.70 .458 1 Yes 1591 2 No 3744 [q86_4] How do you and your family receive medical services? We get referral to the clinics of Moscow and other cities How do you and your family receive medical services? We get referral to the clinics of Moscow and other cities 5335 1 2 1.95 .224 1 Yes 282 2 No 5053 [q86_5] How do you and your family receive medical services? We use services of healers and psychics How do you and your family receive medical services? We use services of healers and psychics 5335 1 2 1.99 .121 1 Yes 79 2 No 5256 [q86_6] How do you and your family receive medical services? We go abroad for treatment How do you and your family receive medical services? We go abroad for treatment 5335 1 2 1.99 .091 1 Yes 45 2 No 5290 [q86_7] How do you and your family receive medical services? We independently search for medicines and methods of treatment on the internet How do you and your family receive medical services? We independently search for medicines and methods of treatment on the internet 5335 1 2 1.84 .370 1 Yes 873 2 No 4462 [q86_8] How do you and your family receive medical services? Other How do you and your family receive medical services? Other 5335 1 2 1.97 .165 1 Yes 150 2 No 5185 [q87] Do you always receive fully the medical care that you need? Do you always receive fully the medical care that you need? 5330 1 9 4.40 1.546 1 Never 70 2 Not in most cases 324 3 In half cases and in half, no 1009 4 Yes, in most cases 1284 5 Yes, always 2310 9 No need for medical care 333 SYSMISS 5 [q88_1] How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? Doctors services too expensive How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? Doctors services too expensive 2703 1 9 3.75 1.739 1 Never 275 2 Rarely 268 3 Sometimes 624 4 Often 814 5 Always 578 9 Hard to say 144 SYSMISS 2632 [q88_2] How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? Staying in a hospital too expensive How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? Staying in a hospital too expensive 2676 1 9 4.24 2.496 1 Never 434 2 Rarely 228 3 Sometimes 387 4 Often 592 5 Always 594 9 Hard to say 441 SYSMISS 2659 [q88_3] How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? No specialists of the needed profile How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? No specialists of the needed profile 2676 1 9 3.71 1.893 1 Never 304 2 Rarely 309 3 Sometimes 649 4 Often 777 5 Always 447 9 Hard to say 190 SYSMISS 2659 [q88_4] How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? Clinics are too far from my place of residence How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? Clinics are too far from my place of residence 2670 1 9 2.88 2.205 1 Never 1021 2 Rarely 379 3 Sometimes 434 4 Often 356 5 Always 284 9 Hard to say 196 SYSMISS 2665 [q88_5] How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? No necessary equipment How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? No necessary equipment 2676 1 9 3.68 2.180 1 Never 434 2 Rarely 330 3 Sometimes 653 4 Often 581 5 Always 410 9 Hard to say 268 SYSMISS 2659 [q88_6] How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? Hard to get a permission for examination How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? Hard to get a permission for examination 2674 1 9 3.56 2.162 1 Never 516 2 Rarely 357 3 Sometimes 541 4 Often 591 5 Always 430 9 Hard to say 239 SYSMISS 2661 [q88_7] How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? No medical insurance How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? No medical insurance 2665 1 9 2.53 2.579 1 Never 1685 2 Rarely 161 3 Sometimes 191 4 Often 157 5 Always 178 9 Hard to say 293 SYSMISS 2670 [q88_8] How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? Specialists' low skills How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? Specialists' low skills 2669 1 9 3.63 2.053 1 Never 416 2 Rarely 315 3 Sometimes 643 4 Often 656 5 Always 417 9 Hard to say 222 SYSMISS 2666 [q88_9] How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? My insurance works only in my region How often the following reasons make it difficult for you to get medical care? My insurance works only in my region 2672 1 9 3.69 2.858 1 Never 939 2 Rarely 218 3 Sometimes 356 4 Often 288 5 Always 391 9 Hard to say 480 SYSMISS 2663 [q89] Do you use the internet? Do you use the internet? 5335 1 2 1.29 .452 1 Yes 3803 2 No 1532 [q90_1] Where do you usually get access to internet? Where do you usually get access to internet? Here you can select several answers. 3803 1 9 1.13 .925 1 At home 3683 2 At work 54 3 Out of work or home: cafe, library, educational institution 5 4 At relatives' or friends' place 12 9 Other 49 SYSMISS 1532 [q90_2] Where do you usually get access to internet? Where do you usually get access to internet? Here you can select several answers. 1322 1 9 2.40 .839 1 At home 1 2 At work 941 3 Out of work or home: cafe, library, educational institution 275 4 At relatives' or friends' place 95 9 Other 10 SYSMISS 4013 [q90_3] Where do you usually get access to internet? Where do you usually get access to internet? Here you can select several answers. 402 3 9 3.54 .921 1 At home 0 2 At work 0 3 Out of work or home: cafe, library, educational institution 226 4 At relatives' or friends' place 168 9 Other 8 SYSMISS 4933 [q90_4] Where do you usually get access to internet? Where do you usually get access to internet? Here you can select several answers. 155 4 9 4.19 .968 1 At home 0 2 At work 0 3 Out of work or home: cafe, library, educational institution 0 4 At relatives' or friends' place 149 9 Other 6 SYSMISS 5180 [q91_1] How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Payment of communal and other payments How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Payment of communal and other payments 3794 1 9 6.85 3.280 1 Less frequently 300 2 1-2 times a month 725 3 1-2 times a week 63 4 3-5 times a week 28 5 Every day 45 9 Never 2633 SYSMISS 1541 [q91_2] How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Buying food products How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Buying food products 3790 1 9 8.00 2.518 1 Less frequently 302 2 1-2 times a month 107 3 1-2 times a week 42 4 3-5 times a week 48 5 Every day 32 9 Never 3259 SYSMISS 1545 [q91_3] How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Communication with authority How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Communication with authority 3781 1 9 7.19 3.193 1 Less frequently 579 2 1-2 times a month 191 3 1-2 times a week 67 4 3-5 times a week 41 5 Every day 67 9 Never 2836 SYSMISS 1554 [q91_4] How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Entertainment and games How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Entertainment and games 3788 1 9 5.61 2.954 1 Less frequently 350 2 1-2 times a month 288 3 1-2 times a week 422 4 3-5 times a week 571 5 Every day 655 9 Never 1502 SYSMISS 1547 [q91_5] How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Reading newspapers and magazines How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Reading newspapers and magazines 3779 1 9 5.73 3.012 1 Less frequently 277 2 1-2 times a month 354 3 1-2 times a week 539 4 3-5 times a week 501 5 Every day 483 9 Never 1625 SYSMISS 1556 [q91_6] How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Reading news sites How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Reading news sites 3789 1 9 4.89 2.295 1 Less frequently 156 2 1-2 times a month 252 3 1-2 times a week 588 4 3-5 times a week 855 5 Every day 1187 9 Never 751 SYSMISS 1546 [q91_7] How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Receiving and sending email How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Receiving and sending email 3787 1 9 5.12 2.470 1 Less frequently 173 2 1-2 times a month 250 3 1-2 times a week 588 4 3-5 times a week 704 5 Every day 1130 9 Never 942 SYSMISS 1548 [q91_8] How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Communicating by Skype, video calls to relatives and friends How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Communicating by Skype, video calls to relatives and friends 3790 1 9 4.89 2.869 1 Less frequently 356 2 1-2 times a month 491 3 1-2 times a week 682 4 3-5 times a week 609 5 Every day 541 9 Never 1111 SYSMISS 1545 [q91_9] How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Spending time on Facebook network How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Spending time on Facebook network 3785 1 9 7.01 2.928 1 Less frequently 276 2 1-2 times a month 199 3 1-2 times a week 251 4 3-5 times a week 257 5 Every day 288 9 Never 2514 SYSMISS 1550 [q91_10] How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Spending time on Vkontakte network How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Spending time on Vkontakte network 3796 1 9 5.58 2.536 1 Less frequently 165 2 1-2 times a month 199 3 1-2 times a week 358 4 3-5 times a week 615 5 Every day 1258 9 Never 1201 SYSMISS 1539 [q91_11] How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Spending time on Twitter How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Spending time on Twitter 3792 1 9 7.57 2.730 1 Less frequently 286 2 1-2 times a month 127 3 1-2 times a week 149 4 3-5 times a week 142 5 Every day 162 9 Never 2926 SYSMISS 1543 [q91_12] How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Spending time on Livejournal How often do you use the internet for the following purposes? Spending time on Livejournal 3791 1 9 7.90 2.545 1 Less frequently 259 2 1-2 times a month 123 3 1-2 times a week 101 4 3-5 times a week 77 5 Every day 59 9 Never 3172 SYSMISS 1544 [q92_1] Which of the following did you have to do in the last seven days? Read newspaper that wasn't distributed for free Which of the following did you have to do in the last seven days? Read newspaper that wasn't distributed for free 5335 1 2 1.58 .493 1 Yes 2235 2 No 3100 [q92_2] Which of the following did you have to do in the last seven days? Read a journal Which of the following did you have to do in the last seven days? Read a journal 5335 1 2 1.64 .479 1 Yes 1898 2 No 3437 [q92_3] Which of the following did you have to do in the last seven days? Listened to the radio Which of the following did you have to do in the last seven days? Listened to the radio 5335 1 2 1.50 .500 1 Yes 2686 2 No 2649 [q92_4] Which of the following did you have to do in the last seven days? Watched TV Which of the following did you have to do in the last seven days? Watched TV 5335 1 2 1.05 .222 1 Yes 5057 2 No 278 [q93_1] In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Signed a petition In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Signed a petition 5335 1 2 1.94 .234 1 Yes 311 2 No 5024 [q93_2] In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Participated in public organization congresses or conferences In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Participated in public organization congresses or conferences 5335 1 2 1.97 .167 1 Yes 154 2 No 5181 [q93_3] In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Participated in a strike In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Participated in a strike 5335 1 2 1.99 .089 1 Yes 43 2 No 5292 [q93_4] In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Participated in a demonstration or protest march In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Participated in a demonstration or protest march 5335 1 2 1.98 .152 1 Yes 126 2 No 5209 [q93_5] In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Participated in festive events and festivities on the Victory day In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Participated in festive events and festivities on the Victory day 5335 1 2 1.62 .486 1 Yes 2040 2 No 3295 [q93_6] In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Participated in a rally In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Participated in a rally 5335 1 2 1.94 .245 1 Yes 343 2 No 4992 [q93_7] In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Wrote a letter to a newspaper In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Wrote a letter to a newspaper 5335 1 2 1.98 .141 1 Yes 108 2 No 5227 [q93_8] In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Participated in the election team of one of the candidates In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Participated in the election team of one of the candidates 5335 1 2 1.95 .224 1 Yes 283 2 No 5052 [q93_9] In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Voted in local elections In which of the following events did you take part in 2013-2014? Voted in local elections 5335 1 2 1.56 .497 1 Yes 2371 2 No 2964 [q94_1] Which organisations do you participate in? Charity organizations Which organisations do you participate in? Charity organizations 5335 1 3 2.92 .380 1 Yes, taking part fully 183 2 A member, but do not participate 76 3 Not a member and do not participate 5076 [q94_2] Which organisations do you participate in? Religious organizations, church parishes Which organisations do you participate in? Religious organizations, church parishes 5335 1 3 2.93 .336 1 Yes, taking part fully 135 2 A member, but do not participate 84 3 Not a member and do not participate 5116 [q94_3] Which organisations do you participate in? Cultural and art organizations and groups Which organisations do you participate in? Cultural and art organizations and groups 5335 1 3 2.94 .318 1 Yes, taking part fully 119 2 A member, but do not participate 83 3 Not a member and do not participate 5133 [q94_4] Which organisations do you participate in? Trade unions Which organisations do you participate in? Trade unions 5335 1 3 2.87 .445 1 Yes, taking part fully 228 2 A member, but do not participate 236 3 Not a member and do not participate 4871 [q94_5] Which organisations do you participate in? Political parties Which organisations do you participate in? Political parties 5335 1 3 2.96 .239 1 Yes, taking part fully 58 2 A member, but do not participate 81 3 Not a member and do not participate 5196 [q94_6] Which organisations do you participate in? Minority protection organizations Which organisations do you participate in? Minority protection organizations 5335 1 3 2.99 .111 1 Yes, taking part fully 8 2 A member, but do not participate 34 3 Not a member and do not participate 5293 [q94_7] Which organisations do you participate in? Environmental organizations Which organisations do you participate in? Environmental organizations 5335 1 3 2.96 .242 1 Yes, taking part fully 64 2 A member, but do not participate 64 3 Not a member and do not participate 5207 [q94_8] Which organisations do you participate in? Veteran organizations Which organisations do you participate in? Veteran organizations 5335 1 3 2.97 .233 1 Yes, taking part fully 61 2 A member, but do not participate 52 3 Not a member and do not participate 5222 [q94_9] Which organisations do you participate in? Organizations for the protection of the rights of people with disabilities Which organisations do you participate in? Organizations for the protection of the rights of people with disabilities 5335 1 3 2.98 .178 1 Yes, taking part fully 32 2 A member, but do not participate 43 3 Not a member and do not participate 5260 [q94_10] Which organisations do you participate in? Youth organizations (clubs) Which organisations do you participate in? Youth organizations (clubs) 5335 1 3 2.96 .259 1 Yes, taking part fully 75 2 A member, but do not participate 68 3 Not a member and do not participate 5192 [q94_11] Which organisations do you participate in? Women's organizations Which organisations do you participate in? Women's organizations 5335 1 3 2.97 .212 1 Yes, taking part fully 48 2 A member, but do not participate 53 3 Not a member and do not participate 5234 [q94_12] Which organisations do you participate in? Sports clubs and unions Which organisations do you participate in? Sports clubs and unions 5335 1 3 2.92 .385 1 Yes, taking part fully 190 2 A member, but do not participate 68 3 Not a member and do not participate 5077 [q94_13] Which organisations do you participate in? Consumer organizations Which organisations do you participate in? Consumer organizations 5335 1 3 2.98 .188 1 Yes, taking part fully 35 2 A member, but do not participate 52 3 Not a member and do not participate 5248 [q94_14] Which organisations do you participate in? Formal or informal gatherings or tenants or courtyard meetings Which organisations do you participate in? Formal or informal gatherings or tenants or courtyard meetings 5335 1 3 2.85 .489 1 Yes, taking part fully 303 2 A member, but do not participate 178 3 Not a member and do not participate 4854 [q94_15] Which organisations do you participate in? Intererest groups (fishermen, hunters etc.) Which organisations do you participate in? Intererest groups (fishermen, hunters etc.) 5335 1 3 2.93 .336 1 Yes, taking part fully 138 2 A member, but do not participate 73 3 Not a member and do not participate 5124 [q94_16] Which organisations do you participate in? Volunteer organizations Which organisations do you participate in? Volunteer organizations 5335 1 3 2.96 .266 1 Yes, taking part fully 84 2 A member, but do not participate 51 3 Not a member and do not participate 5200 [q94_17] Which organisations do you participate in? National movements and organizations Which organisations do you participate in? National movements and organizations 5335 1 3 2.99 .143 1 Yes, taking part fully 19 2 A member, but do not participate 34 3 Not a member and do not participate 5282 [q94_18] Which organisations do you participate in? Other clubs or organizations Which organisations do you participate in? Other clubs or organizations 5335 1 3 2.96 .248 1 Yes, taking part fully 72 2 A member, but do not participate 48 3 Not a member and do not participate 5215 [q95_1] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Council of the Federation To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Council of the Federation 5335 1 9 3.88 2.085 1 Completely distrust 460 2 Mainly distrust 483 3 Partially trust 1830 4 Mainly trust 1385 5 Fully trust 586 9 Hard to say 591 [q95_2] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? State Duma To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? State Duma 5335 1 9 3.54 1.861 1 Completely distrust 587 2 Mainly distrust 663 3 Partially trust 1817 4 Mainly trust 1312 5 Fully trust 585 9 Hard to say 371 [q95_3] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? President of Russia To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? President of Russia 5335 1 9 4.16 1.344 1 Completely distrust 232 2 Mainly distrust 250 3 Partially trust 911 4 Mainly trust 1558 5 Fully trust 2243 9 Hard to say 141 [q95_4] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Government of Russia To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Government of Russia 5335 1 9 3.76 1.587 1 Completely distrust 402 2 Mainly distrust 443 3 Partially trust 1454 4 Mainly trust 1683 5 Fully trust 1122 9 Hard to say 231 [q95_5] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Regional administration To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Regional administration 5335 1 9 3.47 1.891 1 Completely distrust 624 2 Mainly distrust 744 3 Partially trust 1894 4 Mainly trust 1190 5 Fully trust 499 9 Hard to say 384 [q95_6] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Municipal, village administration To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Municipal, village administration 5335 1 9 3.44 1.937 1 Completely distrust 680 2 Mainly distrust 800 3 Partially trust 1831 4 Mainly trust 1158 5 Fully trust 463 9 Hard to say 403 [q95_7] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Russian orthodox church To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Russian orthodox church 5335 1 9 4.09 2.070 1 Completely distrust 488 2 Mainly distrust 422 3 Partially trust 1236 4 Mainly trust 1460 5 Fully trust 1152 9 Hard to say 577 [q95_8] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Army To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Army 5335 1 9 4.01 1.779 1 Completely distrust 366 2 Mainly distrust 415 3 Partially trust 1249 4 Mainly trust 1597 5 Fully trust 1334 9 Hard to say 374 [q95_9] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Courts To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Courts 5335 1 9 3.59 2.067 1 Completely distrust 639 2 Mainly distrust 742 3 Partially trust 1815 4 Mainly trust 1153 5 Fully trust 479 9 Hard to say 507 [q95_10] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Police To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Police 5335 1 9 3.46 1.927 1 Completely distrust 648 2 Mainly distrust 777 3 Partially trust 1876 4 Mainly trust 1169 5 Fully trust 461 9 Hard to say 404 [q95_11] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Trade unions To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Trade unions 5335 1 9 4.31 2.798 1 Completely distrust 710 2 Mainly distrust 687 3 Partially trust 1460 4 Mainly trust 864 5 Fully trust 362 9 Hard to say 1252 [q95_12] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Non-governmental, non-commercial organizations To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Non-governmental, non-commercial organizations 5335 1 9 4.10 2.936 1 Completely distrust 962 2 Mainly distrust 880 3 Partially trust 1460 4 Mainly trust 563 5 Fully trust 182 9 Hard to say 1288 [q95_13] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Television To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Television 5335 1 9 3.36 1.576 1 Completely distrust 497 2 Mainly distrust 683 3 Partially trust 2149 4 Mainly trust 1330 5 Fully trust 450 9 Hard to say 226 [q95_14] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Newspapers To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Newspapers 5335 1 9 3.45 1.739 1 Completely distrust 446 2 Mainly distrust 709 3 Partially trust 2209 4 Mainly trust 1249 5 Fully trust 391 9 Hard to say 331 [q95_15] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Banks To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Banks 5335 1 9 3.35 2.042 1 Completely distrust 778 2 Mainly distrust 933 3 Partially trust 1880 4 Mainly trust 1021 5 Fully trust 257 9 Hard to say 466 [q95_16] To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Entrepreneurs To what extent do you trust the following authorities, public organizations or groups? Entrepreneurs 5335 1 9 3.61 2.400 1 Completely distrust 790 2 Mainly distrust 880 3 Partially trust 1899 4 Mainly trust 812 5 Fully trust 202 9 Hard to say 752 [q96] In general, would you say that you can trust others in your country? In general, would you say that you can trust others in your country? 5335 1 9 3.21 1.432 1 In our country, nobody should be trusted 357 2 A minority of people can be trusted 938 3 Some of our people should be trusted, and some not 2427 4 Most of our fellow citizens can be trusted 1187 5 Our people can always be trusted 241 9 Hard to say 185 [q97_1] In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? The state of health care In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? The state of health care 5335 1 9 3.28 1.449 1 Completely unsatisfied 485 2 Mainly unsatisfied 770 3 Somewhat satisfied, somewhat unsatisfied 2034 4 Mainly satisfied 1484 5 Completely satisfied 400 9 Hard to say 162 [q97_2] In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? The state of educational system In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? The state of educational system 5335 1 9 3.69 2.010 1 Completely unsatisfied 397 2 Mainly unsatisfied 796 3 Somewhat satisfied, somewhat unsatisfied 1840 4 Mainly satisfied 1415 5 Completely satisfied 363 9 Hard to say 524 [q97_3] In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? The work of local administration In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? The work of local administration 5335 1 9 3.36 1.807 1 Completely unsatisfied 569 2 Mainly unsatisfied 891 3 Somewhat satisfied, somewhat unsatisfied 2008 4 Mainly satisfied 1187 5 Completely satisfied 336 9 Hard to say 344 [q97_4] In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? The work of local social services In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? The work of local social services 5335 1 9 3.77 2.199 1 Completely unsatisfied 456 2 Mainly unsatisfied 777 3 Somewhat satisfied, somewhat unsatisfied 1932 4 Mainly satisfied 1169 5 Completely satisfied 338 9 Hard to say 663 [q97_5] In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? The work of regional administrations In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? The work of regional administrations 5335 1 9 3.75 2.197 1 Completely unsatisfied 459 2 Mainly unsatisfied 784 3 Somewhat satisfied, somewhat unsatisfied 1974 4 Mainly satisfied 1154 5 Completely satisfied 303 9 Hard to say 661 [q97_6] In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? Activities of the State Duma In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? Activities of the State Duma 5335 1 9 3.62 1.915 1 Completely unsatisfied 453 2 Mainly unsatisfied 724 3 Somewhat satisfied, somewhat unsatisfied 1884 4 Mainly satisfied 1375 5 Completely satisfied 458 9 Hard to say 441 [q97_7] In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? Activities of the government In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? Activities of the government 5335 1 9 3.70 1.670 1 Completely unsatisfied 359 2 Mainly unsatisfied 540 3 Somewhat satisfied, somewhat unsatisfied 1696 4 Mainly satisfied 1674 5 Completely satisfied 766 9 Hard to say 300 [q97_8] In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? Activities of the President of Russia In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? Activities of the President of Russia 5335 1 9 4.11 1.414 1 Completely unsatisfied 198 2 Mainly unsatisfied 279 3 Somewhat satisfied, somewhat unsatisfied 1100 4 Mainly satisfied 1679 5 Completely satisfied 1885 9 Hard to say 194 [q97_9] In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? Activities of opposition parties In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? Activities of opposition parties 5335 1 9 4.20 2.848 1 Completely unsatisfied 734 2 Mainly unsatisfied 842 3 Somewhat satisfied, somewhat unsatisfied 1597 4 Mainly satisfied 669 5 Completely satisfied 225 9 Hard to say 1268 [q97_10] In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? Police work In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? Police work 5335 1 9 3.41 1.873 1 Completely unsatisfied 518 2 Mainly unsatisfied 844 3 Somewhat satisfied, somewhat unsatisfied 2170 4 Mainly satisfied 1122 5 Completely satisfied 279 9 Hard to say 402 [q97_11] In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? Courts In general, how satisfied are you with the work of the following organizations and individuals? Courts 5335 1 9 3.61 2.165 1 Completely unsatisfied 562 2 Mainly unsatisfied 806 3 Somewhat satisfied, somewhat unsatisfied 2090 4 Mainly satisfied 1001 5 Completely satisfied 269 9 Hard to say 607 [q98_1] To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Income differences are too large in this country To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Income differences are too large in this country 5335 1 8 4.46 .984 1 Completely disagree 50 2 Mainly disagree 116 3 Somewhat agree, somewhat disagree 626 4 Mainly agree 1398 5 Completely agree 3037 8 Hard to say 108 [q98_2] To what extent do you agree with the following statements? The government should provide decent standard of living for the unemployed To what extent do you agree with the following statements? The government should provide decent standard of living for the unemployed 5335 1 8 3.88 1.400 1 Completely disagree 244 2 Mainly disagree 477 3 Somewhat agree, somewhat disagree 1418 4 Mainly agree 1372 5 Completely agree 1612 8 Hard to say 212 [q98_3] To what extent do you agree with the following statements? The government should spend less on benefits for the poor To what extent do you agree with the following statements? The government should spend less on benefits for the poor 5335 1 8 2.51 1.661 1 Completely disagree 1729 2 Mainly disagree 1395 3 Somewhat agree, somewhat disagree 1200 4 Mainly agree 506 5 Completely agree 260 8 Hard to say 245 [q98_4] To what extent do you agree with the following statements? People should take care of themselves, not relying on the government To what extent do you agree with the following statements? People should take care of themselves, not relying on the government 5335 1 8 3.42 1.439 1 Completely disagree 508 2 Mainly disagree 701 3 Somewhat agree, somewhat disagree 1808 4 Mainly agree 1214 5 Completely agree 932 8 Hard to say 172 [q98_5] To what extent do you agree with the following statements? People like me cannot influence on the government decisions To what extent do you agree with the following statements? People like me cannot influence on the government decisions 5335 1 8 4.00 1.447 1 Completely disagree 327 2 Mainly disagree 412 3 Somewhat agree, somewhat disagree 1136 4 Mainly agree 1155 5 Completely agree 2096 8 Hard to say 209 [q98_6] To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Entrepreneurs should have more influence on the life of the country To what extent do you agree with the following statements? Entrepreneurs should have more influence on the life of the country 5335 1 8 3.60 1.934 1 Completely disagree 635 2 Mainly disagree 759 3 Somewhat agree, somewhat disagree 1736 4 Mainly agree 1007 5 Completely agree 590 8 Hard to say 608 [q98_7] To what extent do you agree with the following statements? A job must be interesting, money is less important To what extent do you agree with the following statements? A job must be interesting, money is less important 5335 1 8 2.75 1.599 1 Completely disagree 1323 2 Mainly disagree 1190 3 Somewhat agree, somewhat disagree 1550 4 Mainly agree 682 5 Completely agree 378 8 Hard to say 212 [q98_8] To what extent do you agree with the following statements? A country can develop only if it has honest police, courts and power To what extent do you agree with the following statements? A country can develop only if it has honest police, courts and power 5335 1 8 4.36 1.180 1 Completely disagree 86 2 Mainly disagree 198 3 Somewhat agree, somewhat disagree 868 4 Mainly agree 1275 5 Completely agree 2722 8 Hard to say 186 [q98_9] To what extent do you agree with the following statements? A few strong patriotic leaders can do more for the country than all laws taken together To what extent do you agree with the following statements? A few strong patriotic leaders can do more for the country than all laws taken together 5335 1 8 4.01 1.719 1 Completely disagree 297 2 Mainly disagree 431 3 Somewhat agree, somewhat disagree 1562 4 Mainly agree 1261 5 Completely agree 1249 8 Hard to say 535 [q99_1] In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? Because they have been unlucky In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? Because they have been unlucky 5335 1 8 3.20 1.688 1 Completely disagree 996 2 Partly disagree 726 3 Partly agree, partly disagree 1632 4 Mainly agree 1041 5 Completely agree 659 8 Hard to say 281 [q99_2] In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? Because of laziness and lack of will In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? Because of laziness and lack of will 5335 1 8 3.54 1.529 1 Completely disagree 562 2 Partly disagree 629 3 Partly agree, partly disagree 1492 4 Mainly agree 1282 5 Completely agree 1160 8 Hard to say 210 [q99_3] In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? Because our society is unjustly arranged In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? Because our society is unjustly arranged 5335 1 8 3.79 1.464 1 Completely disagree 273 2 Partly disagree 425 3 Partly agree, partly disagree 1771 4 Mainly agree 1416 5 Completely agree 1164 8 Hard to say 286 [q99_4] In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? It is inevitable in the modern world In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? It is inevitable in the modern world 5335 1 8 3.56 1.699 1 Completely disagree 531 2 Partly disagree 688 3 Partly agree, partly disagree 1711 4 Mainly agree 1290 5 Completely agree 710 8 Hard to say 405 [q99_5] In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? They lack talent and abilities In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? They lack talent and abilities 5335 1 8 3.24 1.625 1 Completely disagree 742 2 Partly disagree 865 3 Partly agree, partly disagree 1772 4 Mainly agree 1135 5 Completely agree 528 8 Hard to say 293 [q99_6] In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? It has always been like this in our country In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? It has always been like this in our country 5335 1 8 3.49 1.797 1 Completely disagree 699 2 Partly disagree 814 3 Partly agree, partly disagree 1495 4 Mainly agree 1111 5 Completely agree 792 8 Hard to say 424 [q99_7] In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? Those who have appropriated natural resources are to blame In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? Those who have appropriated natural resources are to blame 5335 1 8 3.91 1.574 1 Completely disagree 354 2 Partly disagree 427 3 Partly agree, partly disagree 1368 4 Mainly agree 1399 5 Completely agree 1440 8 Hard to say 347 [q99_8] In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? Our government acts in the interests of the rich In your opinion, what are the main reasons why some of our citizens live in poverty? Our government acts in the interests of the rich 5335 1 8 3.97 1.590 1 Completely disagree 253 2 Partly disagree 414 3 Partly agree, partly disagree 1566 4 Mainly agree 1358 5 Completely agree 1328 8 Hard to say 416 [q100_1] In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Taking care of children In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Taking care of children 5335 1 9 3.08 2.114 1 Citizens 2288 2 Private companies 43 3 Municipal authorities 675 4 Regional authorities 446 5 Federal authorities 1674 9 Hard to say 209 [q100_2] In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Taking care of the elderly In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Taking care of the elderly 5335 1 9 3.65 1.885 1 Citizens 1248 2 Private companies 78 3 Municipal authorities 1038 4 Regional authorities 708 5 Federal authorities 2064 9 Hard to say 199 [q100_3] In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Taking care of people with disabilities In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Taking care of people with disabilities 5335 1 9 4.23 1.566 1 Citizens 431 2 Private companies 78 3 Municipal authorities 1111 4 Regional authorities 806 5 Federal authorities 2695 9 Hard to say 214 [q100_4] In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Taking care of orphans In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Taking care of orphans 5335 1 9 4.51 1.379 1 Citizens 117 2 Private companies 73 3 Municipal authorities 1025 4 Regional authorities 859 5 Federal authorities 3015 9 Hard to say 246 [q100_5] In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Housing In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Housing 5335 1 9 3.95 1.579 1 Citizens 232 2 Private companies 173 3 Municipal authorities 2078 4 Regional authorities 1091 5 Federal authorities 1482 9 Hard to say 279 [q100_6] In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Leisure institutions In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Leisure institutions 5335 1 9 3.81 1.765 1 Citizens 159 2 Private companies 680 3 Municipal authorities 2144 4 Regional authorities 894 5 Federal authorities 1081 9 Hard to say 377 [q100_7] In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Medical care In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Medical care 5335 1 9 4.53 1.274 1 Citizens 31 2 Private companies 80 3 Municipal authorities 945 4 Regional authorities 1187 5 Federal authorities 2863 9 Hard to say 229 [q100_8] In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Schools In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Schools 5335 1 9 4.51 1.262 1 Citizens 36 2 Private companies 58 3 Municipal authorities 1008 4 Regional authorities 1137 5 Federal authorities 2878 9 Hard to say 218 [q100_9] In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Universities In your opinion, who should provide the following services? Universities 5335 1 9 4.78 1.225 1 Citizens 39 2 Private companies 52 3 Municipal authorities 512 4 Regional authorities 905 5 Federal authorities 3563 9 Hard to say 264 [q101_1] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Rich parents How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Rich parents 5335 1 9 4.11 1.360 1 Completely unimportant 336 2 Unimportant 239 3 Not important nor unimportant 868 4 Important 1377 5 Very important 2408 9 Hard to say 107 [q101_2] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Relatives in managerial positions How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Relatives in managerial positions 5335 1 9 4.24 1.238 1 Completely unimportant 223 2 Unimportant 213 3 Not important nor unimportant 740 4 Important 1375 5 Very important 2696 9 Hard to say 88 [q101_3] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Good education How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Good education 5335 1 9 4.39 1.121 1 Completely unimportant 136 2 Unimportant 154 3 Not important nor unimportant 691 4 Important 1165 5 Very important 3114 9 Hard to say 75 [q101_4] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Useful connections How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Useful connections 5335 1 9 4.44 1.035 1 Completely unimportant 85 2 Unimportant 112 3 Not important nor unimportant 602 4 Important 1418 5 Very important 3043 9 Hard to say 75 [q101_5] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Hard work How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Hard work 5335 1 9 4.35 1.088 1 Completely unimportant 105 2 Unimportant 162 3 Not important nor unimportant 773 4 Important 1272 5 Very important 2957 9 Hard to say 66 [q101_6] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Persistence in achieving goals How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Persistence in achieving goals 5335 1 9 4.42 1.082 1 Completely unimportant 80 2 Unimportant 138 3 Not important nor unimportant 696 4 Important 1299 5 Very important 3034 9 Hard to say 88 [q101_7] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Ability to take risks How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Ability to take risks 5335 1 9 3.98 1.443 1 Completely unimportant 227 2 Unimportant 363 3 Not important nor unimportant 1359 4 Important 1421 5 Very important 1786 9 Hard to say 179 [q101_8] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Ambition, ability to set high goals How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Ambition, ability to set high goals 5335 1 9 4.12 1.351 1 Completely unimportant 173 2 Unimportant 260 3 Not important nor unimportant 1153 4 Important 1545 5 Very important 2043 9 Hard to say 161 [q101_9] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Inborn intellect How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Inborn intellect 5335 1 9 4.30 1.188 1 Completely unimportant 128 2 Unimportant 185 3 Not important nor unimportant 849 4 Important 1382 5 Very important 2688 9 Hard to say 103 [q101_10] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Living in a capital How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Living in a capital 5335 1 9 3.21 1.666 1 Completely unimportant 1072 2 Unimportant 732 3 Not important nor unimportant 1275 4 Important 1047 5 Very important 1080 9 Hard to say 129 [q101_11] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Connections abroad How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Connections abroad 5335 1 9 3.09 1.933 1 Completely unimportant 1398 2 Unimportant 835 3 Not important nor unimportant 1160 4 Important 824 5 Very important 860 9 Hard to say 258 [q101_12] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Charm, communicative skills How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Charm, communicative skills 5335 1 9 3.99 1.335 1 Completely unimportant 239 2 Unimportant 321 3 Not important nor unimportant 1150 4 Important 1674 5 Very important 1827 9 Hard to say 124 [q101_13] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Correct political views How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Correct political views 5335 1 9 3.55 1.884 1 Completely unimportant 759 2 Unimportant 707 3 Not important nor unimportant 1372 4 Important 1089 5 Very important 1093 9 Hard to say 315 [q101_14] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Right ethnic backround How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Right ethnic backround 5335 1 9 3.15 1.971 1 Completely unimportant 1313 2 Unimportant 803 3 Not important nor unimportant 1274 4 Important 843 5 Very important 804 9 Hard to say 298 [q101_15] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Honesty How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Honesty 5335 1 9 3.74 1.531 1 Completely unimportant 491 2 Unimportant 533 3 Not important nor unimportant 1244 4 Important 1192 5 Very important 1742 9 Hard to say 133 [q101_16] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Law abidance How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Law abidance 5335 1 9 3.77 1.488 1 Completely unimportant 417 2 Unimportant 495 3 Not important nor unimportant 1349 4 Important 1229 5 Very important 1713 9 Hard to say 132 [q101_17] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Independence How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Independence 5335 1 9 3.92 1.526 1 Completely unimportant 334 2 Unimportant 405 3 Not important nor unimportant 1312 4 Important 1347 5 Very important 1746 9 Hard to say 191 [q101_18] How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Luck How important do you think that the following qualities are for advancing the Russian society? Luck 5335 1 9 4.19 1.346 1 Completely unimportant 217 2 Unimportant 241 3 Not important nor unimportant 993 4 Important 1330 5 Very important 2413 9 Hard to say 141 [q102_1] In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between rich and poor In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between rich and poor 5335 1 9 4.08 1.497 1 Not a threat 373 2 2 290 3 3 972 4 4 1279 5 A serious threat 2251 9 Hard to say 170 [q102_2] In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between young people and the older generation In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between young people and the older generation 5335 1 9 2.75 1.790 1 Not a threat 1691 2 2 931 3 3 1213 4 4 785 5 A serious threat 525 9 Hard to say 190 [q102_3] In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between oligarchs and ordinary workers In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between oligarchs and ordinary workers 5335 1 9 3.86 1.589 1 Not a threat 500 2 2 424 3 3 1117 4 4 1317 5 A serious threat 1798 9 Hard to say 179 [q102_4] In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between prosperous and disadvantaged families In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between prosperous and disadvantaged families 5335 1 9 3.33 1.750 1 Not a threat 925 2 2 697 3 3 1395 4 4 1157 5 A serious threat 951 9 Hard to say 210 [q102_5] In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between men and women In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between men and women 5335 1 9 2.19 1.789 1 Not a threat 2731 2 2 937 3 3 841 4 4 421 5 A serious threat 196 9 Hard to say 209 [q102_6] In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? National differences In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? National differences 5335 1 9 3.18 1.745 1 Not a threat 1075 2 2 806 3 3 1369 4 4 1028 5 A serious threat 868 9 Hard to say 189 [q102_7] In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Religious differences In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Religious differences 5335 1 9 3.18 1.808 1 Not a threat 1120 2 2 791 3 3 1361 4 4 1002 5 A serious threat 839 9 Hard to say 222 [q102_8] In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between urban and rural life In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between urban and rural life 5335 1 9 2.73 1.799 1 Not a threat 1688 2 2 905 3 3 1382 4 4 729 5 A serious threat 420 9 Hard to say 211 [q102_9] In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between people with various political views In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between people with various political views 5335 1 9 3.21 1.847 1 Not a threat 1054 2 2 761 3 3 1531 4 4 1103 5 A serious threat 611 9 Hard to say 275 [q102_10] In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between patriots and westernizers In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between patriots and westernizers 5335 1 9 3.51 2.078 1 Not a threat 937 2 2 718 3 3 1365 4 4 1070 5 A serious threat 811 9 Hard to say 434 [q102_11] In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between Muscovites and provincial residents In your opinion, which of the following are threats to your country? Differences between Muscovites and provincial residents 5335 1 9 2.98 2.045 1 Not a threat 1556 2 2 821 3 3 1338 4 4 786 5 A serious threat 486 9 Hard to say 348 [q103] In your opinion, do you have enough will to drastically change your life if needed? In your opinion, do you have enough will to drastically change your life if needed? 5335 1 6 3.10 1.362 1 No, I feel that I could not radically change my life 835 2 Most likely I could not 813 3 In some situations yes, in some situations no 1819 4 Most likely I could 1008 5 I'm certain that I could 590 6 Hard to say 270 [q104] How would you like to see Russia in the future? How would you like to see Russia in the future? 5335 1 6 2.57 1.579 1 A socialist country like the USSR 1363 2 A country with developed social services are developed, with free medicine and education, like Finland or Germany 2190 3 A country with economic freedom and a developed democracy, such as the UK 521 4 Rapidly developing country, where society is under strict control, such as China 587 6 Hard to say 674 [q105] Which nationality do you belong to? Which nationality do you belong to? 5329 1 9 1.72 2.006 1 Russian 4566 2 Tatar 150 3 Ukrainian 65 4 Bashkir 16 5 Chuvash 31 6 Chechen 29 7 Armenian 71 8 Other 385 9 Hard to say 16 SYSMISS 6 [q106] Which language do you consider to be your native language? Which language do you consider to be your native language? This refers to the language in which you are talking with your parents' family. 5325 1 9 1.49 1.702 1 Russian 4819 2 Tatar 108 3 Ukrainian 15 4 Bashkir 9 5 Chuvashia 8 6 Chechen 54 7 Armenian 27 8 Other 281 9 Hard to say 4 SYSMISS 10 [q107] If Russian language is not your native language, how would you rate your Russian skills? If Russian language is not your native language, how would you rate your Russian skills? 498 1 6 1.34 .898 1 I speak and write well 400 2 I speak well but don't write well 70 3 I speak a little 12 4 I only read 1 5 No command 5 6 Hard to say 10 SYSMISS 4837 [q108] To what extent do you speak English? To what extent do you speak English? 5335 1 6 4.24 1.187 1 I speak and write well 307 2 I speak well but don't write well 165 3 I speak a little 851 4 I only read 733 5 No command 3192 6 Hard to say 87 [q109] Are you a believer? Are you a believer? 5335 1 2 1.24 .426 1 Yes 4067 2 No 1268 [q110] Which religion do you belong to? Which religion do you belong to? 4063 1 10 1.30 1.313 1 Orthodoxy 3624 2 Islam 317 7 Buddhism 38 9 Other 65 10 Neither one religion 19 SYSMISS 1272 [q111] Which year were you born in? Which year were you born in? 5333 1945 1997 1973.60 14.642 [bv1] Respondent's sex Age 5335 1 2 1.52 .500 1 Man 2551 2 Woman 2784 [bv2] Type of settlement Region 5334 1 10 5.75 2.574 1 Moscow 394 2 St. Petersburg 168 3 City with the population of one million or more 645 4 City with the population from 500 to 999 thousand 492 5 City with the population from 100 to 499 thousand 1013 6 Town with the population from 50 to 99 thousand 445 7 Town with the population from 10 to 49 thousand 500 8 Small urban type settlement 344 9 Big village, no fewer than 100 families 1267 10 Small village, less than 100 families 66 SYSMISS 1 [bv3] Age Wright Class Typology 5333 18 70 41.39 14.643 [bv3_1] Age (classified) Age (classified) 5333 1 5 2.72 1.398 1 Younger than 30 1465 2 30 - 39 1063 3 40 - 49 1011 4 50 - 59 1085 5 Older than 60 709 SYSMISS 2 [bv4] Region Occupational groups 5017 1 9 4.08 2.636 1 North-western 864 2 Central 1322 3 Siberia 328 4 Ural 676 5 Far-East 156 6 South-Caucasia 329 7 Southern 331 8 Volga 914 9 Crimea 97 SYSMISS 318 [bv5] Wright Class Typology Wright Class Typology 5335 1 7 5.57 1.852 1 Entrepreneurs 257 2 Managers 208 3 Experts 580 4 Supervisors 129 5 Skilled workers 1001 6 Unskilled workers 353 7 Others 2807 [bv6] Occupational groups Occupational groups 2972 1 27 13.70 8.680