Study title

Ingrian-Finnish Remigrants 2008-2013

Dataset ID Number

FSD3315

Persistent identifier

urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3315

Data Type

Quantitative

Authors

• Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga (University of Helsinki. Faculty of Social Sciences)
• Renvik, Tuuli Anna (University of Helsinki. Open University)

Abstract

The study examined Ingrian-Finnish remigrants and their social adjustment in Finland. Main themes included, among others, the respondents' motives for moving from Russia to Finland, integration into Finnish society, social well-being, and perceptions of Finnish and Russian culture and values. The data consist of four surveys conducted between 2008 and 2013. The study follows the same remigrants throughout the surveys, and the first survey was conducted in Russia before the respondents moved to Finland. Some questions were repeated, although not always identically, in the four surveys. The surveys were conducted in Russian, but the data are in Finnish and English. Because the data do not contain all questions included in the questionnaire, only the questions included in the data are described here.

The first three surveys were conducted as part of the INPRES (Intervening at the pre-migration stage: Providing tools for promoting integration and adaptation) research project and the fourth survey was conducted as part of the LADA (The Long-Term Adaptation of Diaspora Migrants) research project. The aim of the projects was to study pre- and post-migration factors involved in the long-term adaptation of ethnic re-migrants from Russia to Finland. Both research projects were funded by the Academy of Finland.

In the first survey, which was the most extensive out of the four surveys, the motives for the respondents' prospective move to Finland (e.g. aspiration to secure children's future, will to live in the country of their ancestors, concerns regarding financial circumstances, will to live with relatives residing in Finland) as well as with whom they were planning to move were charted. The respondents' sources of information regarding Finland and Finnish society, for example, relatives/friends, Finnish language teachers, authorities or the media, as well as whether they had received support from the same sources were surveyed. Finally, the first survey charted whether the respondents had learned Finnish and for how long.

In the four surveys, question sets charting the respondents' values, attitudes and prejudices against Finns and Russians were repeated. Several character trait descriptions were presented to the respondents, and they were asked to evaluate how well the descriptions fit a typical Finn, a typical Russian or them personally. The character trait descriptions included various themes, such as the importance of wealth, willingness to draw attention or take risks, devotion to friends, and importance of tradition.

The respondents' social activity and participation in Finland were also charted from the second survey onwards with recurring questions on, for example, whether they spoke Russian/Finnish at home or with friends, read books in Russian/Finnish, and participated in different events. In the fourth survey, political activity was surveyed with questions on whether the respondents followed political discussion, voted and participated in collective activity. Additionally, other recurring questions in the surveys examined, for example, the respondents' satisfaction in their decision to move, their social networks and language skills, the stressfulness of the move as well as general information on the respondents' health and well-being.

The respondents' sociodemographic background information was charted thoroughly in this study. Among other things, they were asked about their family, housing arrangements, employment situation, religious affiliation, religiosity and education. Background variables included, among others, the respondent's age (categorised), gender, marital status, financial circumstances, and economic activity and occupational status.

Keywords

cultural identity; discrimination; employment; immigration; minority groups; participation; second languages; social adjustment

Topic Classification

• Social sciences (Fields of Science Classification)
• Minorities (CESSDA Topic Classification)
• Migration (CESSDA Topic Classification)
• Cultural and national identity (CESSDA Topic Classification)

Series

Individual datasets

Distributor

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Access

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

Data Collector

• Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga (University of Helsinki. Faculty of Social Sciences)
• Renvik, Tuuli Anna (University of Helsinki. Open University)

Time Period Covered

2008 – 2013

Collection Dates

• 2008
• 2009-09 – 2010-04
• 2011-12 – 2012-04
• 2013-09 – 2013-12

Nation

Finland, Russia

Geographical Coverage

Finland, Gatchina, Saint Petersburg, Petrozavodsk

Analysis/Observation Unit Type

Individual

Universe

Ingrian-Finnish persons planning to move from Russia to Finland

Time Method

Longitudinal: Cohort/Event-based

Sampling Procedure

Non-probability: Availability

The first survey in the INPRES/LADA longitudinal research project was conducted in 2008 in Saint Petersburg, Petrozavodsk and Gatchina in Russia. The participants were contacted mainly through Finnish language courses organised by immigration authorities. 225 potential Ingrian-Finnish remigrants participated in the first survey. Data for the first follow-up study were collected during the years 2009 and 2010. For the follow-up studies, the participants' contact information was provided by the Digital and Population Data Services Agency. The second follow-up study was conducted during the years 2011 and 2012, when the participants had lived in Finland for approximately two years. The last follow-up study was conducted in 2013, when the participants had lived in Finland for approximately three years.

At the beginning of the project, data were collected from the Ingrian-Finnish remigrants, who were the main participants, as well as from their spouses and children. In the archived data, only data collected from the Ingrian-Finnish main participants during the four surveys are included.

Collection Mode

Self-administered questionnaire: Paper

Research Instrument

Structured questionnaire

Data File Language

Downloaded data package may contain different language versions of the same files.

The data files of this dataset are available in the following languages: Finnish.

FSD translates quantitative data into English on request, free of charge. More information on ordering data translation.

Data Version

1.0

Completeness of Data and Restrictions

The variable and value labels are not literal translations of the original questionnaires, which were in Russian. The questions were translated varyingly into Finnish and English. The original questionnaires are included in the dataset in Russian, and the numbering of the variables in the data corresponds to the numbering of the original questionnaires. In the data, different questionnaires can be identified by the first letter in the variable name (a-d, [a] referring to the chronologically first survey questionnaire etc.). For example, variable b_b5 refers to question b5 in the second questionnaire (the first follow-up study).

To prevent identification of individuals, responses denoting the respondent's age were classified. Other identifiers, such as specific dates of birth and open-ended responses containing specific occupations and distinct information on language skills, were removed from the data.

The data do not contain all questions included in the questionnaires.

Weighting

There are no weight variables in the data.

Citation Requirement

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Bibliographical Citation

Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga (University of Helsinki) & Renvik, Tuuli Anna (University of Helsinki): Ingrian-Finnish Remigrants 2008-2013 [dataset]. Version 1.0 (2020-02-25). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3315

Deposit Requirement

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Disclaimer

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Related Publications

Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Mähönen, T. A., & Ketokivi, M. (2012). The dynamics of ethnic discrimination, identities and outgroup attitudes: A pre-post longitudinal study of ethnic migrants. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42(7), 904-914.

Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Mähönen, T. A., & Liebkind, K. (2012b). Identity and attitudinal reactions to perceptions of intergroup interactions among ethnic migrants: A longitudinal study. British Journal of Social Psychology, 51(2), 312-329.

Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Mähönen, T. A., Varjonen, S., Arnold, L., Yijälä, A. & Jurva, K. (2013). Two perspectives on diaspora migrant identities: The case of Ingrian Finns. Teoksessa E. Tartakovsky (toim.), Immigration: Policies, Challenges and Impact. Nova Science.

Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., & Yijälä, A. (2011). The model of pre-acculturative stress. A longitudinal study of potential migrants from Russia to Finland. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(4), 499-510.

Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Mähönen, T. A., Varjonen, S., Arnold, L., Yijälä, A., Jurva, K., & Kinunen, T. (2012). Identities and integration in the context of ethnic migration: A longitudinal, multi-pronged approach to studying Ingrian-Finnish migrants. Diaspora 1/2012, 178-196.

Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Mähönen, T. A., Varjonen, S., Arnold, L., Yijälä, A., & Jurva, K. (2012). Identities and integration in the context of ethnic migration: A longitudinal, multi-pronged approach to studying Ingrian-Finnish migrants. Siirtolaisuus 1/2012, 3-12.

Lönnqvist, J.-E., Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., & Verkasalo, M. (2011). Personal Values before and after Migration: A Longitudinal Case Study on Value Change in Ingrian-Finnish Migrants. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(6), 584-591.

Lönnqvist, J. E., Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., & Verkasalo, M. (2013a). Group-Level and Intraindividual Stability of National Stereotypes A Four-Year Longitudinal Study on Ingrian Finn Immigrants Pre-and Postmigration Stereotypes of a Typical Finn. Journal of Cross- Cultural Psychology, 44(5), 765-785.

Lönnqvist, J. E., Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., & Verkasalo, M. (2013b). Rebound effect in personal values: Ingrian Finnish migrants values two years after migration. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(7), 1122-1126.

Lönnqvist, J., Leikas, S., Mähönen, T. A., & Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. (2015). The mixed blessings of migration - Psychological and social well-being over the course of migration. European Journal of Social Psychology, 45(4), 496-514.

Lönnqvist, J., Leikas, S., Mähönen, T. A., & Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. (2015). The mixed blessings of migration - Psychological and social well-being over the course of migration. European Journal of Social Psychology, 45(4), 496-514.

Lönnqvist, J., Yijälä, A., Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., & Verkasalo, M. (2012). Accuracy and contrast in national value stereotypes - A Case study using Ingrian-Finns as bi-cultural experts. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(2), 271-278.

Mähönen, T. A. (2015). Predicting immigrant integration: common denominators and individual trajectories, teoksessa E. Heikkilä, A. Kostiainen, I. Söderling, & J. Leinonen, Participation, Integration, and Recognition: Changing Pathways to Immigrant Integration (s. 21-31). Migration Studies C24 / Histories 4. Turku: Siirtolaisuusinstituutti.

Mähönen, T. A., & Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. (2012). Anticipated and perceived intergroup relations as predictors of immigrants identification patterns: A follow-up study. European Psychologist, 17(2), 120-130.

Mähönen, T. A., Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., & Ketokivi, M. (2014). Mapping the individual-level dynamics of perceived discrimination and attitudes toward multiculturalism and cultural maintenance: A pre-post study of migration. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 39(1), 124-135.

Mähönen, T. A., Leinonen E., & Jasinskaja-Lahti, I (2013). Met expectations and the wellbeing of diaspora immigrants. A longitudinal study. International Journal of Psychology, 48(3), 324-333.

Mähönen, T. A., & Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. (2015a). Meet me halfway: Socio-cultural adaptation and perceived contact willingness of host nationals as predictors of immigrants threat perceptions. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 26(2), 125-135.

Mähönen, T. A., & Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. (2015b). The ironic effect of national identification on support for collective action. European Journal of Social Psychology, 45(5), 567-574.

Mähönen, T. A., & Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. (2016). Ramifications of positive and negative contact experiences among remigrants from Russia to Finland. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 22(2), 247-255.

Mähönen, T. A., Varjonen, S., Prindiville, N., Arnold, L., & Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. (2015). Boundaries of National Belonging in Ingrian Finnish Return Migration: A Multi-level Perspective. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 5(3), 126-134.

Mähönen, T. A., & Yijälä, A. (2016). Inkerinsuomalaisten paluumuuttajien kotoutuminen Suomeen. Helsingin kaupunki, Tietokeskus.

Pihko, S. (2015). Inkerinsuomalaiset Venäjällä: Inkerinsuomalaisten puhetta paluumuuton vetävistä ja työntävistä tekijöistä sekä inkeriläisyhteisön tulevaisuudesta Venäjällä. Julkaisematon sosiaalipsykologian pro gradu -tutkielma. Helsingin yliopisto: Sosiaalitieteiden laitos.

Yijälä, A., Lönnqvist, J. E., Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., & Verkasalo, M. (2011). Values as predictors of anticipated socio-cultural adaptation among potential migrants from Russia to Finland. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 22(2), 95-110.

Yijälä, A., & Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. (2010). Pre-migration acculturation attitudes among potential ethnic migrants from Russia to Finland. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(4), 326-339.