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  <docDscr>
    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>DDI description: Digital Citizenship and Access to Services in Rural Areas: Citizen Survey 2016</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">DDI-kuvailu: Digikansalaisuus ja palveluiden saavutettavuus maaseudulla: kansalaiskysely 2016</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">3556</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <producer abbr="FSD">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</producer>
        <copyright>Finnish Social Science Data Archive</copyright>
        <prodPlac>Finnish Social Science Data Archive</prodPlac>
      </prodStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version date="2022-08-01" type="mef_eng">1.0.0</version>
      </verStmt>
      <biblCit>Digital Citizenship and Access to Services in Rural Areas: Citizen Survey 2016 [metadata]. Metadata version 1.0.0 (2022-08-01). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3556; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3556</biblCit>
      <holdings location="Finnish Social Science Data Archive FSD" URI="https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3556" />
    </citation>
    <notes xml:lang="fi">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), joiden tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons 1.0 Yleismaailmallinen (CC0 1.0) -lisenssillä.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.fi" />
    </notes>
    <notes xml:lang="en">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) are licensed under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) license.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en" />
    </notes>
    <notes xml:lang="sv">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) är licensierade under en Creative Commons 1.0 Universiell (CC0 1.0) licens.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.sv" />
    </notes>
  </docDscr>
  <stdyDscr>
    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>Digital Citizenship and Access to Services in Rural Areas: Citizen Survey 2016</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">Digikansalaisuus ja palveluiden saavutettavuus maaseudulla: kansalaiskysely 2016</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">3556</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="URN">urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3556</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">10.60686/t-fsd3556</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <rspStmt>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Lapland">Kivivirta, Ville
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-3096" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0003-2550-3096</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Lapland. Faculty of Social Sciences">Selkälä, Arto
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9182-3357" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0002-9182-3357</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Lapland">Suikkanen, Asko</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Lapland">Syväjärvi, Antti
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7336-4831" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0001-7336-4831</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Lapland University of Applied Sciences">Viinamäki, Leena</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Vaasa. Levón Institute">Voutilainen, Olli
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2661-1611" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0003-2661-1611</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <othId>Research assistant Jaana Ilmasti participated in developing and conducting the survey by commenting on the survey's contents and storing the responses received to the survey.</othId>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <copyright>In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor.</copyright>
      </prodStmt>
      <distStmt>
        <distrbtr abbr="FSD" URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</distrbtr>
        <distDate date="2023-07-20" />
      </distStmt>
      <serStmt ID="S8" URI="https://services.fsd.tuni.fi/catalogue/series/8?lang=en">
        <serName>Individual datasets</serName>
        <serInfo>
          <p>Individual datasets that do not belong to any series.</p>
        </serInfo>
      </serStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version date="2022-08-01" type="main_data">1.0</version>
      </verStmt>
      <biblCit>Kivivirta, Ville (University of Lapland) &amp; Selkälä, Arto (University of Lapland) &amp; Suikkanen, Asko (University of Lapland) &amp; Syväjärvi, Antti (University of Lapland) &amp; Viinamäki, Leena (Lapland University of Applied Sciences) &amp; Voutilainen, Olli (University of Vaasa): Digital Citizenship and Access to Services in Rural Areas: Citizen Survey 2016 [dataset]. Data version 1.0 (2022-08-01). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3556; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3556</biblCit>
      <holdings location="Finnish Social Science Data Archive FSD" URI="https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3556" />
    </citation>
    <stdyInfo>
      <subject>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">information society</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">online services</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">telecommunications equipment</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">public services</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">public sector</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">countryside</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">rural planning</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">technological literacy</keyword>
        <topcClas vocab="OKM" vocabURI="http://www.yso.fi/onto/okm-tieteenala/conceptscheme">Social sciences</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Information society</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Information technology</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Social change</topcClas>
      </subject>
      <abstract>
        <p>The survey charted the experiences and views of people living in the Lapland, Ostrobothnia and North Karelia regions on the use and accessibility of digital services. The survey focused especially on the usability and functionality of e-services in sparsely populated rural areas. The survey was conducted as part of the Digikansalaisuus ja palveluiden saavutettavuus maaseudulla (Digital Citizenship and Access to Services in Rural Areas) research project by the Universities of Lapland and Vaasa and the Lapland University of Applied Sciences. The project was funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Development Fund for Agriculture and Forestry, MAKERA).</p>
        <p>First, the respondents were asked about their skills and habits regarding internet use. Questions included, for example, which digital devices the respondents had at home, how they would describe the internet connection they used, for which purposes they had used the internet in the past year, and how often they used the internet on average. The respondents were also presented with various statements regarding the use of digital services, such as whether they thought it was too expensive to use digital services or using digital services saved time. Further questions charted the respondents' use of public e-services, including whether they had both used the e-services and visited the physical office of the same public service in the past month or year. Additionally, the respondents were asked how important they thought various aspects of public services were (e.g. a physical office in their municipality of residence, ease of use of the e-services) and how well the same aspects were fulfilled in their own experience. Finally, the functionality and usefulness of public e-services from the respondents' personal point of view were examined.</p>
        <p>Background variables included the respondent's municipality of residence, distance from municipality of residence to the regional centre of the NUTS3 region, main way of transportation when travelling to the regional centre, gender, age, level of education, and status in employment.</p>
      </abstract>
      <sumDscr>
        <timePrd event="single" date="2016" />
        <collDate event="single" date="2016-10" />
        <nation abbr="FI">Finland</nation>
        <geogCover>Finland</geogCover>
        <geogCover>Lapland (excluding Rovaniemi)</geogCover>
        <geogCover>Ostrobothnia (excluding Vaasa)</geogCover>
        <geogCover>North Karelia (excluding Joensuu)</geogCover>
        <anlyUnit>Individual
          <concept vocab="DDI Analysis Unit" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:AnalysisUnit:2.1.3">Individual</concept>
        </anlyUnit>
        <universe clusion="I">People aged over 18 residing in Lapland, Ostrobothnia and North Karelia</universe>
        <universe clusion="E">residents of the regional centres (Rovaniemi, Vaasa and Joensuu)</universe>
        <dataKind>Quantitative</dataKind>
      </sumDscr>
    </stdyInfo>
    <method>
      <dataColl>
        <timeMeth>Cross-section
          <concept vocab="DDI Time Method" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TimeMethod:1.2.3">CrossSection</concept>
        </timeMeth>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Lapland">Kivivirta, Ville</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Lapland. Faculty of Social Sciences">Selkälä, Arto</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Lapland">Suikkanen, Asko</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="Lapland University of Applied Sciences">Viinamäki, Leena</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Vaasa. Levón Institute">Voutilainen, Olli</dataCollector>
        <sampProc>Probability: Stratified: Disproportional
          <concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:SamplingProcedure:2.0.2">Probability.Stratified.Disproportional</concept>
        </sampProc>
        <sampProc>Probability: Stratified: Proportional
          <concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:SamplingProcedure:2.0.2">Probability.Stratified.Proportional</concept>
        </sampProc>
        <sampProc>
          <p>The total sample (3,000) was first divided equally (equal allocation) between all three regions. A sample of 1,000 persons was drawn from each region using proportional stratified sampling. Municipality of residence formed the first degree of stratification and age the second. In each region, people were drawn from all municipalities except the regional centres.</p>
        </sampProc>
        <collMode>Self-administered questionnaire: Paper
          <concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:ModeOfCollection:5.0.1">SelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.Paper</concept>
        </collMode>
        <resInstru>Structured questionnaire
          <concept vocab="DDI Type of Instrument" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TypeOfInstrument:1.1.2">Questionnaire.Structured</concept>
        </resInstru>
        <weight>The data contain a weight variable [paino] formed by the researchers. To ensure a representative study, the samples from North Karelia and Lapland were weighted to be representative of the population in terms of age groups, and the sample from Ostrobothnia was weighted in terms of municipality of residence and age groups by first combining the Swedish-speaking municipalities with the Finnish-speaking municipalities to ensure a sufficient number of respondents in each sample.</weight>
      </dataColl>
      <anlyInfo>
        <respRate>35.4</respRate>
      </anlyInfo>
      <stdyClas type="A">Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. The data are checked and processed in detail. If necessary, the data are anonymised.</stdyClas>
    </method>
    <dataAccs>
      <setAvail>
        <accsPlac URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</accsPlac>
        <complete>The researchers added value 8 "Entrepreneur/self-employed", which was not included in the questionnaire, to variable k3 in the data. The archived data do not include variables k14, k33, k34 or the open-ended responses to variables k7, k8, k11k8, k12k5, k30 and k31, because they were not delivered to FSD.</complete>
      </setAvail>
      <useStmt>
        <restrctn>The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.</restrctn>
        <citReq>The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.</citReq>
        <deposReq>Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.</deposReq>
        <disclaimer>The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.</disclaimer>
      </useStmt>
      <notes>To prevent identification of individuals, the variable denoting the respondent's year of birth was removed from the data at FSD, and a new continuous age variable was created. Additionally, information on the respondent's postal code and mother tongue were removed from the data.</notes>
    </dataAccs>
    <othrStdyMat>
      <relMat>Viinamäki, Leena &amp; Kivivirta, Ville &amp; Selkälä, Arto &amp; Voutilainen, Olli &amp; Syväjärvi, Antti &amp; Suikkanen, Asko 2017. ...ajasta ja paikasta riippumatta... Digikansalaisuus ja palveluiden saavutettavuus maaseudulla -hankkeen loppuraportti. LAPIN AMKIN JULKAISUJA. Sarja A. Referee-tutkimukset 1/2017. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-316-190-0</relMat>
      <relStdy>FSD3557 Digital Citizenship and Access to Services in Rural Areas: Public Authority Survey 2017
        <ExtLink URI="https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD3557?lang=en&amp;study_language=en" />
      </relStdy>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Viinamäki, Leena &amp; Kivivirta, Ville &amp; Selkälä, Arto &amp; Voutilainen, Olli &amp; Syväjärvi, Antti &amp; Suikkanen, Asko 2017. ...ajasta ja paikasta riippumatta... Digikansalaisuus ja palveluiden saavutettavuus maaseudulla -hankkeen loppuraportti. LAPIN AMKIN JULKAISUJA. Sarja A. Referee-tutkimukset 1/2017.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>...ajasta ja paikasta riippumatta... Digikansalaisuus ja palveluiden saavutettavuus maaseudulla -hankkeen loppuraportti</titl>
            <IDNo agency="URN">URN:ISBN:978-952-316-190-0</IDNo>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2017" />
          </distStmt>
          <holdings URI="https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-316-190-0" />
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
    </othrStdyMat>
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