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  <docDscr>
    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>DDI description: Loneliness Barometer 2023</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">DDI-kuvailu: Yksinäisyysbarometri 2023</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">3770</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <producer abbr="FSD">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</producer>
        <copyright>Finnish Social Science Data Archive</copyright>
        <prodPlac>Finnish Social Science Data Archive</prodPlac>
      </prodStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version date="2024-05-06" type="mef_eng">1.0.0</version>
      </verStmt>
      <biblCit>Loneliness Barometer 2023 [metadata]. Metadata version 1.0.0 (2024-05-06). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3770; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3770</biblCit>
      <holdings location="Finnish Social Science Data Archive FSD" URI="https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3770" />
    </citation>
    <notes xml:lang="fi">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), joiden tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons 1.0 Yleismaailmallinen (CC0 1.0) -lisenssillä.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.fi" />
    </notes>
    <notes xml:lang="en">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) are licensed under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) license.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en" />
    </notes>
    <notes xml:lang="sv">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) är licensierade under en Creative Commons 1.0 Universiell (CC0 1.0) licens.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.sv" />
    </notes>
  </docDscr>
  <stdyDscr>
    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>Loneliness Barometer 2023</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">Yksinäisyysbarometri 2023</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">3770</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="URN">urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3770</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">10.60686/t-fsd3770</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <rspStmt>
        <AuthEnty>Finnish Red Cross</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty>Taloustutkimus</AuthEnty>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <copyright>In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor.</copyright>
      </prodStmt>
      <distStmt>
        <distrbtr abbr="FSD" URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</distrbtr>
        <distDate date="2024-06-10" />
      </distStmt>
      <serStmt ID="S8" URI="https://services.fsd.tuni.fi/catalogue/series/8?lang=en">
        <serName>Individual datasets</serName>
        <serInfo>
          <p>Individual datasets that do not belong to any series.</p>
        </serInfo>
      </serStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version date="2024-04-06" type="main_data">1.0</version>
      </verStmt>
      <biblCit>Finnish Red Cross &amp; Taloustutkimus: Loneliness Barometer 2023 [dataset]. Data version 1.0 (2024-04-06). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3770; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3770</biblCit>
      <holdings location="Finnish Social Science Data Archive FSD" URI="https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3770" />
    </citation>
    <stdyInfo>
      <subject>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">loneliness</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">social interaction</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">interpersonal relations</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">psychological well-being</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">well-being (society)</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">emotional states</keyword>
        <topcClas vocab="OKM" vocabURI="http://www.yso.fi/onto/okm-tieteenala/conceptscheme">Social sciences</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">General health and well-being</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Social behaviour and attitudes</topcClas>
      </subject>
      <abstract>
        <p>The survey studied experienced loneliness and opinions on issues related to loneliness in Finland. The survey was carried out by Taloustutkimus on behalf of the Finnish Red Cross.</p>
        <p>First, the respondents were asked how often they feel they find company when they want it. They were also asked how strongly they feel this way and how long they had felt this way. The same questions were asked in relation to the statement 'there are people who really understand me'. Next, the respondents were asked how often they experience loneliness, feel isolated from other people and feel left out.</p>
        <p>Next, those who had experienced loneliness were asked how long they had been lonely and what they think was the cause of their loneliness. The respondents were further asked where they had sought help for their loneliness. As open questions, the respondents were asked what they had done to alleviate their loneliness and what they would like to see done to reduce it. Finally, they were asked how serious a problem they consider loneliness to be.</p>
        <p>Background variables included the respondent's gender, age, NUTS3 region of residence, education, occupation, household composition and size, ages of children living at home and household's gross annual income.</p>
      </abstract>
      <sumDscr>
        <timePrd event="single" date="2023" />
        <collDate event="start" date="2023-01-02" />
        <collDate event="end" date="2023-01-10" />
        <nation abbr="FI">Finland</nation>
        <geogCover>Finland</geogCover>
        <anlyUnit>Individual
          <concept vocab="DDI Analysis Unit" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:AnalysisUnit:2.1.3">Individual</concept>
        </anlyUnit>
        <universe clusion="I">People aged 15-84 residing in Finland</universe>
        <universe clusion="E">the Åland Islands</universe>
        <dataKind>Quantitative</dataKind>
      </sumDscr>
    </stdyInfo>
    <method>
      <dataColl>
        <timeMeth>Cross-section
          <concept vocab="DDI Time Method" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TimeMethod:1.2.3">CrossSection</concept>
        </timeMeth>
        <dataCollector>Taloustutkimus</dataCollector>
        <sampProc>Probability: Simple random
          <concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:SamplingProcedure:2.0.2">Probability.SimpleRandom</concept>
        </sampProc>
        <sampProc>
          <p>The survey has been conducted among respondents aged 15-79 as part of the weekly Telebus Consumer Survey. Interviews with 80-84 year olds (50 respondents) were conducted as a separate telephone interview survey. For both target groups, the sample was randomly selected from the Bisnode Ltd contact register. A total of 1055 respondents completed the survey.</p>
        </sampProc>
        <collMode>Telephone interview: Computer-assisted (CATI)
          <concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:ModeOfCollection:5.0.1">Interview.Telephone.CATI</concept>
        </collMode>
        <resInstru>Structured questionnaire
          <concept vocab="DDI Type of Instrument" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TypeOfInstrument:1.1.2">Questionnaire.Structured</concept>
        </resInstru>
        <weight>The data includes a weight variable (PAINO) that weights the sample by age, gender, area of residence and household size to be representative of the target group.</weight>
      </dataColl>
      <stdyClas type="A">Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. The data are checked and processed in detail. If necessary, the data are anonymised.</stdyClas>
    </method>
    <dataAccs>
      <setAvail>
        <accsPlac URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</accsPlac>
      </setAvail>
      <useStmt>
        <restrctn>The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.</restrctn>
        <citReq>The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.</citReq>
        <deposReq>Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.</deposReq>
        <disclaimer>The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.</disclaimer>
      </useStmt>
      <notes type="TIIPII">To prevent identification of respondents, the variables containing open-ended responses of the type "other, please specify" were removed from the data at FSD. For the same reason, the number of persons in the household was top-coded and from the variables denoting the ages of the children in the household, the responses from those with more than six persons in the household were removed. From the open-ended variables left in the data, two identifiers related to location and work were removed. Changes made at FSD are marked with [square brackets] in the open-ended variables.</notes>
    </dataAccs>
    <othrStdyMat>
      <relMat>Suomen Punainen Risti &amp; Taloustutkimus Oy (2023). Yksinäisyysbarometri 2023. Tutkimusraportti. SPR &amp; Ttu, Helsinki. https://www.punainenristi.fi/globalassets/13.-uutiset/2023/yksinaisyys-koskettaa-yha-useampaa-suomessa/spr_yksinaisyysbarometri_2023_raportti.pdf
        <ExtLink URI="https://www.punainenristi.fi/globalassets/13.-uutiset/2023/yksinaisyys-koskettaa-yha-useampaa-suomessa/spr_yksinaisyysbarometri_2023_raportti.pdf" />
      </relMat>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Setälä, Alina (2025). Sosiaalinen yksinäisyys alle kouluikäisten lasten vanhemmilla: Sukupuolen yhteys koettuun yksinäisyyteen. Yhteiskuntatieteiden kandidaatin tutkielma. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Sosiaalinen yksinäisyys alle kouluikäisten lasten vanhemmilla: Sukupuolen yhteys koettuun yksinäisyyteen</titl>
            <IDNo agency="URN">URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202504304485</IDNo>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2025" />
          </distStmt>
          <holdings URI="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202504304485" />
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Suomen Punainen Risti &amp; Taloustutkimus Oy (2023). Yksinäisyysbarometri 2023. Tutkimusraportti. SPR &amp; Ttu, Helsinki. https://www.punainenristi.fi/globalassets/13.-uutiset/2023/yksinaisyys-koskettaa-yha-useampaa-suomessa/spr_yksinaisyysbarometri_2023_raportti.pdf
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Yksinäisyysbarometri 2023</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2023" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
    </othrStdyMat>
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