DDI description: Citizen's opinion: Social inequality and participation 2020 DDI-kuvailu: Kansalaismielipide: Sosiaalinen eriarvoisuus ja osallistuminen 2020 3907 Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Social Science Data Archive Finnish Social Science Data Archive 1.0.0 Citizen's opinion: Social inequality and participation 2020 [metadata]. Metadata version 1.0.0 (2025-07-03). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3907; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3907 FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), joiden tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons 1.0 Yleismaailmallinen (CC0 1.0) -lisenssillä. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) are licensed under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) license. FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) är licensierade under en Creative Commons 1.0 Universiell (CC0 1.0) licens. Citizen's opinion: Social inequality and participation 2020 Kansalaismielipide: Sosiaalinen eriarvoisuus ja osallistuminen 2020 3907 urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3907 10.60686/t-fsd3907 Finnish Research Infrastructure for Public Opinion (FIRIPO) Grönlund, Kimmo Christensen, Henrik Serup In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor. 345714 Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIRIPO Citizens' Opinion

Citizens' Opinion (in Finnish) is a survey panel focusing on society and politics. Members of the panel participate in different online surveys a few times each year. The panel is administered by Åbo Akademi University's Social Science Research Institute and is part of the Finnish Research Infrastructure for Public Opinion (FIRIPO) funded by the Academy of Finland. The recruiting of members for the panel began in 2019, and the panel currently has thousands of participants. The Citizens' Opinion panel offers possibilities to track developments in public opinion over time and makes it possible to react swiftly to current events and launch quick surveys that examine public opinion with a representative sample.

 1.0 Finnish Research Infrastructure for Public Opinion (FIRIPO) & Grönlund, Kimmo (Åbo Akademi University) & Christensen, Henrik Serup (Åbo Akademi University): Citizen's opinion: Social inequality and participation 2020 [dataset]. Data version 1.0 (2025-05-12). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3907; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3907 democracy social inequality political behaviour political participation political action political attitudes politics income distribution socio-economic status social systems Social sciences Political behaviour and attitudes Equality, inequality and social exclusion

The survey examines social inequality and its consequences in Finland. The data was collected as part of the Citizens' Opinion Panel, which is part of The Finnish Research Infrastructure for Public Opinion (FIRIPO).

First, the survey explored respondents' views on social inequality and the current and future state of inequality in Finland. Participants were asked, for example, about the current model of income distribution in Finland and their expectations for the situation 10 years from now. Next, respondents were asked to indicate which income bracket they felt they belonged to. This was followed by questions about their political opinions and political activity. Respondents were asked which forms of civic engagement they had participated in during the past 12 months. In addition, they were asked in more detail what actions they had taken to influence issues related to social inequality. The survey also included questions about trust in institutions such as the government and politicians, followed by questions about party preference. Finally, respondents were asked to evaluate various statements related to potential corruption in municipal decision-making.

Background variables included the respondent's age, gender, region of recidense, highest level of education, marital status, main activity, political party preference, monthly household income and number of children living in the household.

 Finland Finland Individual Individual Finnish citizens aged over 18 residing in Finland Quantitative Cross-section CrossSection Citizens' Opinion Mixed probability and non-probability MixedProbabilityNonprobability

The sample consisted of 2,285 participants from the Citizens' Opinion online panel.

 Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI) SelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.CAWI Structured questionnaire Questionnaire.Structured The data contains a weight variable that weights the data so that it is representative of the sample in terms of gender, age and education. 68.5 The graphs for questions Q13-Q19 can be found at the end of the questionnaire. The data also includes some respondents who did not answer any of the questions. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. The data are checked and processed in detail. If necessary, the data are anonymised. Finnish Social Science Data Archive As the survey was incorrectly answered by persons under the age of 18, their answers have been removed from the archived data. The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study. The dataset is (D) available only by permission from the data depositor/creator. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. To prevent identification of respondents, the variables referring to municipalities and one variable containing open-ended responses to the response option "Other, please specify" have been removed from the data at FSD. Knudsen, Mikkel S. & Christensen, Henrik S. (2021). Future Orientation and Political Participation: The Moderating Role of Political Trust. Frontiers in Political Science 3:791467. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2021.791467 Future Orientation and Political Participation: The Moderating Role of Political Trust 10.3389/fpos.2021.791467 daF3907_eng.sav 1667 101 SPSS Data File [fsd_no] FSD study number FSD study number 1667 3907 3907 3907.00 .000 [fsd_vr] FSD edition number FSD edition number 1667 1.0 1.0 1.000 .0000 [fsd_id] FSD case id FSD case id 1667 1 1667 834.00 481.366 [StartDate] Start Date Start Date 1667 23-SEP-2020 11:16:34 07-OCT-2020 08:00:10 25-SEP-2020 11:26:03 3 03:07:13.999 [EndDate] End Date End Date 1667 23-SEP-2020 11:20:27 07-OCT-2020 08:22:10 25-SEP-2020 13:24:18 3 03:51:10.444 [Progress] Progress Progress 1667 3 100 96.43 14.869 [Duration__in_seconds_] Duration (in seconds) Duration (in seconds) 1667 2 595245 7094.35 46343.310 [Finished] Finished Finished 1667 0 1 .94 .246 [RecordedDate] Recorded Date Recorded Date 1667 23-SEP-2020 11:24:29 07-OCT-2020 11:23:09 25-SEP-2020 23:50:05 3 13:59:40.422 [Q6] What is the highest level of education or degree you have completed? What is the highest level of education or degree you have completed? 1642 1 8 5.67 1.519 1 Primary education 9 2 Lower secondary education 40 3 Short vocational training (vocational school or course) 124 4 College level vocational education (post-secondary) 257 5 Upper secondary education (general) 185 6 Polytechnic degree or equivalent 315 7 University degree 692 8 Other/ don't want to say 20 SYSMISS 25 [Q7] What is your marital status? What is your marital status? 1648 1 7 2.44 1.671 1 Married or in a registered partnership 856 2 Widowed 63 3 Divorced or separated 195 4 Single, never married 272 5 Cohabiting 221 6 Other 26 7 Don't know / don't want to say 15 SYSMISS 19 [Q8] Do you have children living in your household? Do you have children living in your household? 1649 1 3 1.82 .394 1 Yes 304 2 No 1339 3 Don't want to say 6 SYSMISS 18 [Q9] How many children under the age of 18? How many children under the age of 18? 298 1 3 1.51 .593 1 1 160 2 2-3 123 3 4 or more 15 SYSMISS 1369 [Q11_1] First we would like to present some statements on inequality in Finland. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree. Finland is overall an equal society First we would like to present some statements on inequality in Finland. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree. Finland is overall an equal society 1628 1 5 2.57 1.070 1 Strongly agree 216 2 Somewhat agree 738 3 Neither agree nor disagree 252 4 Somewhat disagree 375 5 Strongly disagree 47 SYSMISS 39 [Q11_2] First we would like to present some statements on inequality in Finland. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree. Some minorities in Finland are discriminated against First we would like to present some statements on inequality in Finland. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree. Some minorities in Finland are discriminated against 1627 1 5 2.05 1.170 1 Strongly agree 659 2 Somewhat agree 555 3 Neither agree nor disagree 162 4 Somewhat disagree 170 5 Strongly disagree 81 SYSMISS 40 [Q11_3] First we would like to present some statements on inequality in Finland. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree. It is good to have income differences in society First we would like to present some statements on inequality in Finland. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree. It is good to have income differences in society 1627 1 5 3.39 1.205 1 Strongly agree 110 2 Somewhat agree 329 3 Neither agree nor disagree 334 4 Somewhat disagree 526 5 Strongly disagree 328 SYSMISS 40 [Q11_4] First we would like to present some statements on inequality in Finland. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree. Compared to most other people, I am better off financially First we would like to present some statements on inequality in Finland. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree. Compared to most other people, I am better off financially 1629 1 5 2.71 1.146 1 Strongly agree 242 2 Somewhat agree 526 3 Neither agree nor disagree 436 4 Somewhat disagree 307 5 Strongly disagree 118 SYSMISS 38 [Q11_5] First we would like to present some statements on inequality in Finland. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree. Compared to most other people, my social circle is better off financially First we would like to present some statements on inequality in Finland. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree. Compared to most other people, my social circle is better off financially 1630 1 5 2.86 1.036 1 Strongly agree 133 2 Somewhat agree 521 3 Neither agree nor disagree 493 4 Somewhat disagree 402 5 Strongly disagree 81 SYSMISS 37 [Q11_6] First we would like to present some statements on inequality in Finland. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree. In general people are treated fairly in Finland First we would like to present some statements on inequality in Finland. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree. In general people are treated fairly in Finland 1628 1 5 2.63 1.091 1 Strongly agree 191 2 Somewhat agree 740 3 Neither agree nor disagree 231 4 Somewhat disagree 405 5 Strongly disagree 61 SYSMISS 39 [Q11_7] First we would like to present some statements on inequality in Finland. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree. By working hard, you can become successful in Finland First we would like to present some statements on inequality in Finland. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree. By working hard, you can become successful in Finland 1627 1 5 2.37 1.133 1 Strongly agree 369 2 Somewhat agree 707 3 Neither agree nor disagree 200 4 Somewhat disagree 284 5 Strongly disagree 67 SYSMISS 40 [Q16] In your opinion, which of these types describes best the current structure of society in Finland? (Income distribution) In your opinion, which of these types describes best the current structure of society in Finland? (Income distribution) 1611 1 5 3.11 .874 1 Type A 73 2 Type B 307 3 Type C 619 4 Type D 600 5 Type E 12 SYSMISS 56 [Q17] In your opinion, which of these types is most likely to describe the situation in Finland 10 years from now? (Income distribution) In your opinion, which of these types is most likely to describe the situation in Finland 10 years from now? (Income distribution) 1605 1 5 2.61 1.060 1 Type A 262 2 Type B 523 3 Type C 437 4 Type D 351 5 Type E 32 SYSMISS 62 [Q18] In your opinion, which of these same types would be preferable to have in Finland now? (Income distribution) In your opinion, which of these same types would be preferable to have in Finland now? (Income distribution) 1605 1 5 4.05 .687 1 Type A 10 2 Type B 30 3 Type C 193 4 Type D 1014 5 Type E 358 SYSMISS 62 [Q19] For each of the types, there are seven levels from top to bottom. On which level would you say that you are currently placed? (Income brackets) For each of the types, there are seven levels from top to bottom. On which level would you say that you are currently placed? (Income brackets) 1610 1 7 4.20 1.493 [Q21_1] We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Write a letter to the editor We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Write a letter to the editor 1594 1 4 1.98 .775 1 Have done 397 2 Have not done but could do 927 3 Would never do 173 4 Cannot say 97 SYSMISS 73 [Q21_2] Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Contact politicians or civil servants on an issue We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Contact politicians or civil servants on an issue 1597 1 4 1.77 .714 1 Have done 570 2 Have not done but could do 878 3 Would never do 90 4 Cannot say 59 SYSMISS 70 [Q21_3] We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Sign a citizens' initiative We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Sign a citizens' initiative 1596 1 4 1.28 .507 1 Have done 1194 2 Have not done but could do 372 3 Would never do 22 4 Cannot say 8 SYSMISS 71 [Q21_4] We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Sign a petition We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Sign a petition 1596 1 4 1.42 .621 1 Have done 1022 2 Have not done but could do 501 3 Would never do 53 4 Cannot say 20 SYSMISS 71 [Q21_5] Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Participate in the activities of a political party We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Participate in the activities of a political party 1595 1 4 2.25 .908 1 Have done 328 2 Have not done but could do 716 3 Would never do 372 4 Cannot say 179 SYSMISS 72 [Q21_6] Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Participate in the activities of some other voluntary/civic organization We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Participate in the activities of some other voluntary/civic organization 1595 1 4 1.85 .826 1 Have done 575 2 Have not done but could do 799 3 Would never do 111 4 Cannot say 110 SYSMISS 72 [Q21_7] Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Try to influence political or social issues through my consumer choices We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Try to influence political or social issues through my consumer choices 1599 1 4 1.38 .712 1 Have done 1151 2 Have not done but could do 340 3 Would never do 54 4 Cannot say 54 SYSMISS 68 [Q21_8] We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Join a consumer boycott We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Join a consumer boycott 1588 1 4 1.85 .783 1 Have done 545 2 Have not done but could do 813 3 Would never do 152 4 Cannot say 78 SYSMISS 79 [Q21_9] Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Participate in peaceful demonstrations We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Participate in peaceful demonstrations 1593 1 4 2.10 .769 1 Have done 298 2 Have not done but could do 939 3 Would never do 255 4 Cannot say 101 SYSMISS 74 [Q21_10] Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Civil disobedience by participating in illegal, non-violent activities We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Civil disobedience by participating in illegal, non-violent activities 1590 1 4 2.63 .753 1 Have done 75 2 Have not done but could do 631 3 Would never do 694 4 Cannot say 190 SYSMISS 77 [Q21_11] Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Use violence to reach political goals We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Use violence to reach political goals 1594 1 4 2.99 .315 1 Have done 3 2 Have not done but could do 75 3 Would never do 1445 4 Cannot say 71 SYSMISS 73 [Q21_12] Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Posted or shared political content online We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Posted or shared political content online 1595 1 4 1.75 .903 1 Have done 837 2 Have not done but could do 389 3 Would never do 304 4 Cannot say 65 SYSMISS 72 [Q21_13] Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Wear/display campaign badge or sticker We now present different ways people can influence what is going on in society. Which of these have you done in the past 12 months or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Wear/display campaign badge or sticker 1594 1 4 2.01 .830 1 Have done 456 2 Have not done but could do 749 3 Would never do 305 4 Cannot say 84 SYSMISS 73 [Q22_1] And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Write a letter to the editor And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Write a letter to the editor 212 1 1 1.00 .000 1 Write a letter to the editor 212 SYSMISS 1455 [Q22_2] And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Contact politicians or civil servants on an issue And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Contact politicians or civil servants on an issue 343 1 1 1.00 .000 1 Contact politicians or civil servants on an issue 343 SYSMISS 1324 [Q22_3] And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Sign a citizens' initiative And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Sign a citizens' initiative 857 1 1 1.00 .000 1 Sign a citizens' initiative 857 SYSMISS 810 [Q22_4] And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Sign a petition And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Sign a petition 678 1 1 1.00 .000 1 Sign a petition 678 SYSMISS 989 [Q22_5] And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Participate in the activities of a political party And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Participate in the activities of a political party 223 1 1 1.00 .000 1 Participate in the activities of a political party 223 SYSMISS 1444 [Q22_6] And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Participate in the activities of some other voluntary/civic organization And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Participate in the activities of some other voluntary/civic organization 322 1 1 1.00 .000 1 Participate in the activities of some other voluntary/civic organization 322 SYSMISS 1345 [Q22_7] And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Try to influence political or social issues through my consumer choices And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Try to influence political or social issues through my consumer choices 731 1 1 1.00 .000 1 Try to influence political or social issues through my consumer choices 731 SYSMISS 936 [Q22_8] And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Join a consumer boycott And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Join a consumer boycott 270 1 1 1.00 .000 1 Join a consumer boycott 270 SYSMISS 1397 [Q22_9] And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Participate in peaceful demonstrations And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Participate in peaceful demonstrations 192 1 1 1.00 .000 1 Participate in peaceful demonstrations 192 SYSMISS 1475 [Q22_10] And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Civil disobedience by participating in illegal, non-violent activities And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Civil disobedience by participating in illegal, non-violent activities 29 1 1 1.00 .000 1 Civil disobedience by participating in illegal, non-violent activities 29 SYSMISS 1638 [Q22_11] And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Use violence to reach political goals And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Use violence to reach political goals 0 0 0 0 0 1 Use violence to reach political goals 0 SYSMISS 1667 [Q22_12] And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Posted or shared political content online And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Posted or shared political content online 613 1 1 1.00 .000 1 Posted or shared political content online 613 SYSMISS 1054 [Q22_13] And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Wear/display campaign badge or sticker And which of these did you do to address problems with social inequality in Finland: Wear/display campaign badge or sticker 252 1 1 1.00 .000 1 Wear/display campaign badge or sticker 252 SYSMISS 1415 [Q24] In general, how interested are you in politics? In general, how interested are you in politics? 1560 1 4 3.44 .674 1 Not interested at all 17 2 Not very interested 111 3 Somewhat interested 605 4 Very interested 827 SYSMISS 107 [Q25_1] In political matters people talk of 'left' and 'right'. We here use a scale where '0' means furthest to the left and '10' means furthest to the right. Indicate what number best describes how you would place yourself on this scale In political matters people talk of "left" and "right". We here use a scale from 0-10 where '0' means furthest to the left and '10' means furthest to the right. Please indicate what number best describes how you would place yourself on this scale 1547 0 10 4.86 2.526 [Q26_1] In the following, we present a number of political actors and institutions. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you tend to trust them (0 No trust at all - 10 Trust completely): Parliament in Finland (Eduskunta) In the following, we present a number of political actors and institutions. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you tend to trust them (0 No trust at all - 10 Trust completely): Parliament in Finland (Eduskunta) 1562 0 10 5.70 2.316 [Q26_2] In the following, we present a number of political actors and institutions. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you tend to trust them (0 No trust at all - 10 Trust completely): Political parties in Finland In the following, we present a number of political actors and institutions. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you tend to trust them (0 No trust at all - 10 Trust completely): Political parties in Finland 1562 0 10 4.62 2.166 [Q26_3] In the following, we present a number of political actors and institutions. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you tend to trust them (0 No trust at all - 10 Trust completely): Finnish government In the following, we present a number of political actors and institutions. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you tend to trust them (0 No trust at all - 10 Trust completely): Finnish government 1562 0 10 5.85 2.850 [Q26_4] In the following, we present a number of political actors and institutions. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you tend to trust them (0 No trust at all - 10 Trust completely): Politicians in Finland In the following, we present a number of political actors and institutions. For each of these, please indicate the extent to which you tend to trust them (0 No trust at all - 10 Trust completely): Politicians in Finland 1562 0 10 4.61 2.184 [Q27_1] In general, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Finland? In general, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Finland? 1557 0 10 6.19 2.406 [Q28] What political party or party group would you vote for if parliamentary elections were held today? What political party or party group would you vote for if parliamentary elections were held today? 1562 1 11 4.58 2.995 1 Social democratic party 277 2 National Coalition Party 236 3 The Finns Party 202 4 Centre Party 76 5 Green League 184 6 The Left Alliance 217 7 Swedish People's Party 147 8 Christian Democrats 28 9 Movement Now 27 10 Other party or group, what? 64 11 I would not vote / Don't want to say 104 SYSMISS 105 [Q29_1] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Those elected to Parliament soon lose touch with the problems of ordinary people To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Those elected to Parliament soon lose touch with the problems of ordinary people 1557 1 5 2.32 1.007 1 Strongly agree 338 2 Somewhat agree 641 3 Neither agree nor disagree 330 4 Somewhat disagree 232 5 Strongly disagree 16 SYSMISS 110 [Q29_2] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Politicians are not interested in the opinions of ordinary people To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Politicians are not interested in the opinions of ordinary people 1554 1 5 3.00 1.081 1 Strongly agree 159 2 Somewhat agree 379 3 Neither agree nor disagree 379 4 Somewhat disagree 583 5 Strongly disagree 54 SYSMISS 113 [Q29_3] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Views of the citizens are taken into account in political decision making To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Views of the citizens are taken into account in political decision making 1556 1 5 3.09 .983 1 Strongly agree 34 2 Somewhat agree 479 3 Neither agree nor disagree 471 4 Somewhat disagree 463 5 Strongly disagree 109 SYSMISS 111 [Q29_4] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Politics is such a complex issue that people like me cannot understand what is going on To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Politics is such a complex issue that people like me cannot understand what is going on 1558 1 5 3.32 1.117 1 Strongly agree 61 2 Somewhat agree 400 3 Neither agree nor disagree 298 4 Somewhat disagree 580 5 Strongly disagree 219 SYSMISS 109 [Q29_5] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I feel I could play an active role in a group dealing with political issues To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I feel I could play an active role in a group dealing with political issues 1557 1 5 2.84 1.193 1 Strongly agree 214 2 Somewhat agree 467 3 Neither agree nor disagree 370 4 Somewhat disagree 364 5 Strongly disagree 142 SYSMISS 110 [Q29_6] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I am perfectly able to understand and assess important political questions To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I am perfectly able to understand and assess important political questions 1562 1 5 2.10 .974 1 Strongly agree 463 2 Somewhat agree 658 3 Neither agree nor disagree 292 4 Somewhat disagree 120 5 Strongly disagree 29 SYSMISS 105 [Q30_1] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Ordinary people all pull together To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Ordinary people all pull together 1558 1 5 3.59 .906 1 Strongly agree 11 2 Somewhat agree 217 3 Neither agree nor disagree 373 4 Somewhat agree 757 5 Strongly disagree 200 SYSMISS 109 [Q30_2] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Ordinary people are of good and honest character To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Ordinary people are of good and honest character 1554 1 5 2.80 .902 1 Strongly agree 50 2 Somewhat agree 615 3 Neither agree nor disagree 535 4 Somewhat agree 302 5 Strongly disagree 52 SYSMISS 113 [Q30_3] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Ordinary people share the same values and interests To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Ordinary people share the same values and interests 1557 1 5 3.73 .895 1 Strongly agree 4 2 Somewhat agree 182 3 Neither agree nor disagree 315 4 Somewhat agree 779 5 Strongly disagree 277 SYSMISS 110 [Q30_4] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Although the Finns are very different from each other, when it comes down to it they all think the same To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Although the Finns are very different from each other, when it comes down to it they all think the same 1556 1 5 3.72 .936 1 Strongly agree 12 2 Somewhat agree 208 3 Neither agree nor disagree 263 4 Somewhat agree 792 5 Strongly disagree 281 SYSMISS 111 [Q30_5] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The Finns are basically honest and upright To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The Finns are basically honest and upright 1552 1 5 2.58 .878 1 Strongly agree 89 2 Somewhat agree 760 3 Neither agree nor disagree 456 4 Somewhat agree 211 5 Strongly disagree 36 SYSMISS 115 [Q30_6] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The Finns are a coherent entity, rather than just a bunch of individuals To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The Finns are a coherent entity, rather than just a bunch of individuals 1553 1 5 3.07 1.015 1 Strongly agree 43 2 Somewhat agree 503 3 Neither agree nor disagree 416 4 Somewhat agree 477 5 Strongly disagree 114 SYSMISS 114 [Q31_1] For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7. I consider how things might be in the future, and try to influence those things with my day to day behavior For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7, where '1' means extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like you), while '7' means extremely characteristic of you (very much like you). I consider how things might be in the future, and try to influence those things with my day to day behavior 1559 1 7 5.23 1.289 [Q31_2] For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7. Often I engage in particular behavior in order to achieve outcomes that may not result for many years For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7, where '1' means extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like you), while '7' means extremely characteristic of you (very much like you). Often I engage in particular behavior in order to achieve outcomes that may not result for many years 1553 1 7 4.73 1.345 [Q31_3] For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7. I only act to satisfy immediate concerns, figuring the future will take care of itself For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7, where '1' means extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like you), while '7' means extremely characteristic of you (very much like you). I only act to satisfy immediate concerns, figuring the future will take care of itself 1556 1 7 2.16 1.262 [Q31_4] For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7. My behavior is only influenced by the immediate (i.e., a matter of days or weeks) outcomes of my actions For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7, where '1' means extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like you), while '7' means extremely characteristic of you (very much like you). My behavior is only influenced by the immediate (i.e., a matter of days or weeks) outcomes of my actions 1552 1 7 2.32 1.337 [Q31_5] For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7. My convenience is a big factor in the decisions I make or the actions I take For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7, where '1' means extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like you), while '7' means extremely characteristic of you (very much like you). My convenience is a big factor in the decisions I make or the actions I take 1555 1 7 3.85 1.442 [Q31_6] For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7. I am willing to sacrifice my immediate happiness or well-being in order to achieve future outcomes For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7, where '1' means extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like you), while '7' means extremely characteristic of you (very much like you). I am willing to sacrifice my immediate happiness or well-being in order to achieve future outcomes 1553 1 7 4.41 1.525 [Q31_7] Please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7. I think it is important to take warnings about negative outcomes seriously even if the negative outcome will not occur for many years For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7, where '1' means extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like you), while '7' means extremely characteristic of you (very much like you). I think it is important to take warnings about negative outcomes seriously even if the negative outcome will not occur for many years 1555 1 7 5.47 1.393 [Q31_8] Please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7. I think it is more important to perform a behavior with important distant consequences than a behavior with less important immediate consequences For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7, where '1' means extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like you), while '7' means extremely characteristic of you (very much like you). I think it is more important to perform a behavior with important distant consequences than a behavior with less important immediate consequences 1555 1 7 4.96 1.389 [Q31_9] Please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7. I generally ignore warnings about possible future problems because I think the problems will be resolved before they reach crisis level For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7, where '1' means extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like you), while '7' means extremely characteristic of you (very much like you). I generally ignore warnings about possible future problems because I think the problems will be resolved before they reach crisis level 1554 1 7 2.41 1.375 [Q31_10] For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7. I think that sacrificing now is usually unnecessary since future outcomes can be dealt with at a later time For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7, where '1' means extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like you), while '7' means extremely characteristic of you (very much like you). I think that sacrificing now is usually unnecessary since future outcomes can be dealt with at a later time 1556 1 7 2.24 1.297 [Q31_11] For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7. I only act to satisfy immediate concerns, figuring that I will take care of future problems that may occur at a later date For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7, where '1' means extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like you), while '7' means extremely characteristic of you (very much like you). I only act to satisfy immediate concerns, figuring that I will take care of future problems that may occur at a later date 1556 1 7 2.30 1.293 [Q31_12] For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7. Since my day-to-day work has specific outcomes, it is more important to me than behavior that has distant outcomes For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7, where '1' means extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like you), while '7' means extremely characteristic of you (very much like you). Since my day-to-day work has specific outcomes, it is more important to me than behavior that has distant outcomes 1553 1 7 4.16 1.438 [Q31_13] For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7. When I make a decision, I think about how it might affect me in the future For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7, where '1' means extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like you), while '7' means extremely characteristic of you (very much like you). When I make a decision, I think about how it might affect me in the future 1552 1 7 5.34 1.270 [Q31_14] For each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7. My behavior is generally influenced by future consequences FFor each of the statements shown, please indicate how characteristic the statement is of you on a scale 1-7, where '1' means extremely uncharacteristic of you (not at all like you), while '7' means extremely characteristic of you (very much like you). My behavior is generally influenced by future consequences 1554 1 7 5.08 1.295 [Q32_1] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? To favor relatives or friends is common in the municipal decision-making To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? To favor relatives or friends is common in the municipal decision-making 1555 1 5 2.53 1.064 1 Strongly agree 256 2 Somewhat agree 568 3 Neither agree nor disagree 451 4 Somewhat disagree 205 5 Strongly disagree 75 SYSMISS 112 [Q32_2] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It is acceptable in some situations to offer a favor to a public office holder in return for a certain service To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It is acceptable in some situations to offer a favor to a public office holder in return for a certain service 1555 1 5 4.36 .930 1 Strongly agree 28 2 Somewhat agree 66 3 Neither agree nor disagree 127 4 Somewhat disagree 432 5 Strongly disagree 902 SYSMISS 112 [Q32_3] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Conflicts of interest are common in municipal decision-making (Eg. a decision maker's relative is a partner in a company from which the municipality procures services) To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Conflicts of interest are common in municipal decision-making (Eg. a decision maker's relative is a partner in a company from which the municipality procures services) 1557 1 5 2.24 .940 1 Strongly agree 337 2 Somewhat agree 698 3 Neither agree nor disagree 370 4 Somewhat disagree 123 5 Strongly disagree 29 SYSMISS 110 [Q32_4] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? To favor those belonging to old boys networks (e.g. hunting associations, executive clubs, etc.) is common in municipal decision-making To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? To favor those belonging to old boys networks (e.g. hunting associations, executive clubs, etc.) is common in municipal decision-making 1556 1 5 2.19 .986 1 Strongly agree 385 2 Somewhat agree 704 3 Neither agree nor disagree 297 4 Somewhat disagree 129 5 Strongly disagree 41 SYSMISS 111 [Q32_5] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It is acceptable in certain situations to favor friends and acquittances in public decision-making To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It is acceptable in certain situations to favor friends and acquittances in public decision-making 1558 1 5 4.18 1.020 1 Strongly agree 47 2 Somewhat agree 83 3 Neither agree nor disagree 161 4 Somewhat disagree 511 5 Strongly disagree 756 SYSMISS 109 [Q32_6] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? During the last ten years corruption has increased in my municipality To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? During the last ten years corruption has increased in my municipality 1555 1 5 2.96 1.023 1 Strongly agree 161 2 Somewhat agree 250 3 Neither agree nor disagree 750 4 Somewhat disagree 280 5 Strongly disagree 114 SYSMISS 112 [Q32_7] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Wealthy interests often use their influence on municipal decision-making for their own advantage and there need to be stricter rules to prevent this To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Wealthy interests often use their influence on municipal decision-making for their own advantage and there need to be stricter rules to prevent this 1557 1 5 2.04 1.017 1 Strongly agree 533 2 Somewhat agree 632 3 Neither agree nor disagree 237 4 Somewhat disagree 111 5 Strongly disagree 44 SYSMISS 110 [Q33] Finally, we would like to know your monthly household income after taxes. If you are uncertain, please pick the option you think comes closest (euros) Finally, we would like to know your monthly household income after taxes. If you are uncertain, please pick the option you think comes closest (euros) 1538 1 7 4.03 1.751 1 Less than 1000e 102 2 1000e-1999e 258 3 2000e-2999e 247 4 3000e-3999e 330 5 4000e-4999e 265 6 5000e-5999e 154 7 6000e or more 182 SYSMISS 129 [Language] Language Language 1667 1 3 2.16 .372 1 English 1 2 Finnish 1391 3 Swedish 275 [Region] Region Region 1642 1 21 6.19 6.126 1 Uusimaa 621 2 Varsinais-Suomi 213 4 Satakunta 51 5 Kanta-Häme 39 6 Pirkanmaa 140 7 Päijät-Häme 53 8 Kymenlaakso 30 9 Etelä-Karjala 21 10 Etelä-Savo 24 11 Pohjois-Savo 38 12 Pohjois-Karjala 36 13 Keski-Suomi 80 14 Etelä-Pohjanmaa 31 15 Pohjanmaa 102 16 Keski-Pohjanmaa 11 17 Pohjois-Pohjanmaa 69 18 Kainuu 16 19 Lappi 27 21 Ahvenanmaa 40 SYSMISS 25 [Gender] Gender Gender 1667 1 3 1.53 .527 1 Female 800 2 Male 843 3 Other 24 [OccuPosition] Occupation/position Occupation/position 1618 1 11 3.61 2.467 1 Kokopäivätyössä (vähintään 32 tuntia viikossa) 675 2 Puolipäivätyössä (15-31 tuntia viikossa) 66 3 Osa-aikatyössä (alle 15 tuntia viikossa) 40 4 Työtön 73 5 Opiskelija tai koululainen 107 6 Eläkkeellä iän tai työvuosien perusteella 561 7 Eläkkeellä muusta syystä 69 8 Hoidan kotitaloutta 11 9 Varusmies- tai siviilipalveluksessa 4 10 Vanhempainvapaalla tai hoitovapaalla 10 11 Omaishoitaja 2 SYSMISS 49 [Age] Age Age 1667 18 88 54.99 15.940 [AgeGroup] Age group Age group 1667 1 13 7.60 3.188 1 18 - 24 85 2 25 - 29 75 3 30 - 34 74 4 35 - 39 105 5 40 - 44 103 6 45 - 49 115 7 50 - 54 155 8 55 - 59 164 9 60 - 64 198 10 65 - 69 257 11 70 - 74 217 12 75 - 79 99 13 80 - 20 [Edu3] Education Education 1622 1 3 2.59 .550 1 Basic 49 2 Secondary 566 3 Tertiary 1007 SYSMISS 45 [Weight] Raked Weight variable to weight the data so that it is representative of the sample in terms of gender, age and education Raked Weight variable to weight the data so that it is representative of the sample in terms of gender, age and education 1596 .04 29.07 1.0000 1.59157 [DurationMinutes] Duration (in minutes) Duration (in minutes) 1559 0 61 16.45 9.236