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        <titl>DDI description: Distance Learning during COVID-19 School Closures: Survey of Pupils in Years 4-9 and Upper Secondary School Students 2020</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">DDI-kuvailu: Koronapandemian poikkeusolojen etäopetus: peruskoulun 4.-9.-luokkalaisten ja lukiolaisten kysely 2020</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">4081</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <producer abbr="FSD">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</producer>
        <copyright>Finnish Social Science Data Archive</copyright>
        <prodPlac>Finnish Social Science Data Archive</prodPlac>
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      <verStmt>
        <version date="2026-08-21" type="mef_eng">1.0.0</version>
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      <biblCit>Distance Learning during COVID-19 School Closures: Survey of Pupils in Years 4-9 and Upper Secondary School Students 2020 [metadata]. Metadata version 1.0.0 (2026-08-21). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd4081; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4081</biblCit>
      <holdings location="Finnish Social Science Data Archive FSD" URI="https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4081" />
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    <notes xml:lang="fi">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), joiden tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons 1.0 Yleismaailmallinen (CC0 1.0) -lisenssillä.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.fi" />
    </notes>
    <notes xml:lang="en">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) are licensed under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) license.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en" />
    </notes>
    <notes xml:lang="sv">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) är licensierade under en Creative Commons 1.0 Universiell (CC0 1.0) licens.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.sv" />
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    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>Distance Learning during COVID-19 School Closures: Survey of Pupils in Years 4-9 and Upper Secondary School Students 2020</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">Koronapandemian poikkeusolojen etäopetus: peruskoulun 4.-9.-luokkalaisten ja lukiolaisten kysely 2020</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">4081</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="URN">urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4081</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">10.60686/t-fsd4081</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <rspStmt>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Aerila, Juli-Anna
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1109-8803" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0002-1109-8803</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Jankama, Hilppa</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Keinänen, Heli
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-7157" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0003-3193-7157</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Kemppinen, Lauri
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1592-6944" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0002-1592-6944</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Koivisto, Kimmo</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Koski, Pasi
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-3698" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0001-5352-3698</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Kärki, Tomi
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5711-2164" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0002-5711-2164</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Nieminen, Noora
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3872-3899" role="PID" title="ORCID">0009-0002-3872-3899</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Orell, Miina
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6519-7751" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0002-6519-7751</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Vänttinen, Juha</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Yrjänäinen, Sari
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1246-2902" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0002-1246-2902</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <copyright>In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor.</copyright>
      </prodStmt>
      <distStmt>
        <distrbtr abbr="FSD" URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</distrbtr>
        <distDate date="2026-08-25" />
      </distStmt>
      <serStmt ID="S8" URI="https://services.fsd.tuni.fi/catalogue/series/8?lang=en">
        <serName>Individual datasets</serName>
        <serInfo>
          <p>Individual datasets that do not belong to any series.</p>
        </serInfo>
      </serStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version date="2026-08-18" type="main_data">1.0</version>
      </verStmt>
      <biblCit>Aerila, Juli-Anna (University of Turku) &amp; Jankama, Hilppa (University of Turku) &amp; Keinänen, Heli (University of Turku) &amp; Kemppinen, Lauri (University of Turku) &amp; Koivisto, Kimmo (University of Turku) &amp; Koski, Pasi (University of Turku) &amp; Kärki, Tomi (University of Turku) &amp; Nieminen, Noora (University of Turku) &amp; Orell, Miina (University of Turku) &amp; Vänttinen, Juha (University of Turku) &amp; Yrjänäinen, Sari (University of Turku): Distance Learning during COVID-19 School Closures: Survey of Pupils in Years 4-9 and Upper Secondary School Students 2020 [dataset]. Data version 1.0 (2026-08-18). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd4081; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4081</biblCit>
      <holdings location="Finnish Social Science Data Archive FSD" URI="https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4081" />
    </citation>
    <stdyInfo>
      <subject>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">primary schools</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">primary education</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">schoolchildren</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">COVID-19</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">upper secondary education</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">educational tests</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">students</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">distance education</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">teaching</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">well-being (health)</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">educational attendance</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">learning</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">educational facilities</keyword>
        <topcClas vocab="OKM" vocabURI="http://www.yso.fi/onto/okm-tieteenala/conceptscheme">Social sciences</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Compulsory and pre-school education</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Higher and further education</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Social conditions and indicators</topcClas>
      </subject>
      <abstract>
        <p>The dataset contains responses to a survey concerning distance learning, school attendance and studying during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was aimed at pupils in grades 4 to 9 and upper secondary school students. The themes included wellbeing, attitudes towards distance learning, studying, the technical implementation of distance learning, learning support, assessment and feedback. The survey could be completed in either Finnish or English. The data were collected as part of the broader Distance Learning (DisLe) research project.</p>
        <p>The survey first explored respondents' wellbeing and attitudes towards distance learning by asking, for example, about the meaningfulness of attending school and experiences of loneliness. Respondents also evaluated statements concerning distance learning. Next, the survey examined experiences of learning and studying. Among other things, respondents compared schooling during the extraordinary circumstances with ordinary schooling and assessed how well distance learning suited different school subjects. The survey then gathered information on digital skills, the organisation of remote examinations and the software used in distance learning. Finally, respondents were asked about learning support, assessment and feedback.</p>
        <p>Background variables include the language spoken at home, gender, number of siblings, level of education, grade, and school size.</p>
      </abstract>
      <sumDscr>
        <timePrd event="single" date="2020" />
        <collDate event="start" date="2020-05-15" />
        <collDate event="end" date="2020-08-31" />
        <nation abbr="FI">Finland</nation>
        <geogCover>Finland</geogCover>
        <anlyUnit>Individual
          <concept vocab="DDI Analysis Unit" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:AnalysisUnit:2.1.3">Individual</concept>
        </anlyUnit>
        <universe clusion="I">Comprehensive school pupils in grades 4-9 and upper secondary school students</universe>
        <dataKind>Quantitative</dataKind>
      </sumDscr>
    </stdyInfo>
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      <dataColl>
        <timeMeth>Cross-section
          <concept vocab="DDI Time Method" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TimeMethod:1.2.3">CrossSection</concept>
        </timeMeth>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Aerila, Juli-Anna</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Jankama, Hilppa</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Keinänen, Heli</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Kemppinen, Lauri</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Koivisto, Kimmo</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Koski, Pasi</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Kärki, Tomi</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Nieminen, Noora</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Orell, Miina</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Vänttinen, Juha</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Yrjänäinen, Sari</dataCollector>
        <sampProc>Non-probability: Availability
          <concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:SamplingProcedure:2.0.2">Nonprobability.Availability</concept>
        </sampProc>
        <sampProc>
          <p>Data were collected in collaboration with school principals and local education authorities in a targeted manner from the Teacher Training School of the University of Turku and schools in two cities in Western Finland. School principals distributed the parental information letters and the survey through the schools' communication channels. In one city, an announcement and a survey link were also published on the city's website. Participation was voluntary. For underage respondents, parental consent was confirmed at the beginning of the survey. In some schools, time was used during lessons to complete the survey. Data were also collected through a public survey link shared in newspapers, on city and newspaper websites, and on social media. Responses were received from across Finland.</p>
        </sampProc>
        <collMode>Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI)
          <concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:ModeOfCollection:5.0.1">SelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.CAWI</concept>
        </collMode>
        <resInstru>Structured questionnaire
          <concept vocab="DDI Type of Instrument" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TypeOfInstrument:1.1.2">Questionnaire.Structured</concept>
        </resInstru>
        <weight>There are no weight variables in the data.</weight>
      </dataColl>
      <anlyInfo>
        <dataAppr>The Finnish Social Science Data Archive does not have the labels for the user-missing values or the English-language questionnaire for the dataset.</dataAppr>
      </anlyInfo>
      <stdyClas type="A">Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. The data are checked and processed in detail. If necessary, the data are anonymised.</stdyClas>
    </method>
    <dataAccs>
      <setAvail>
        <accsPlac URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</accsPlac>
      </setAvail>
      <useStmt>
        <restrctn>The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.</restrctn>
        <citReq>The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.</citReq>
        <deposReq>Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.</deposReq>
        <disclaimer>The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.</disclaimer>
      </useStmt>
      <notes>Respondents who declined or did not answer the question regarding voluntary participation and parental consent for minors were removed from the dataset at the FSD.</notes>
      <notes type="TIIPII">Due to identifiability concerns, the dataset has been anonymised at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive. Variables containing information on the respondent's school name and/or municipality were removed from the dataset. In addition, the open-ended responses were reviewed, and responses containing direct identifiers were removed.</notes>
    </dataAccs>
    <othrStdyMat>
      <relStdy>FSD4080 Distance Learning during COVID‑19 School Closures: Survey of Years 1-3 Pupils 2020
        <ExtLink URI="https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD4080?lang=en&amp;study_language=en" />
      </relStdy>
      <relStdy>FSD4082 Distance Learning during COVID‑19 School Closures: Teacher Survey 2020
        <ExtLink URI="https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD4082?lang=en&amp;study_language=en" />
      </relStdy>
      <relStdy>FSD4083 Distance Learning during COVID‑19 School Closures: Parent Survey 2020
        <ExtLink URI="https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD4083?lang=en&amp;study_language=en" />
      </relStdy>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Koski, P., Keinänen, H., Laakkonen, E., Kärki, T., Kemppinen, L., Aerila, J-A. &amp; Orell, M. (2023) Oppilaiden hyvinvointi poikkeusolojen etäopetuksessa. Nuorisotutkimus 41 (1), 3-18.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Oppilaiden hyvinvointi poikkeusolojen etäopetuksessa</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2023" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Kärki, T., Keinänen, H., Aerila, J-A. Orell, M., Kemppinen, L. &amp; Koski, P. (2023) Opettajien, oppilaiden ja huoltajien näkemyksiä peruskoulun ja lukion etäopetuksesta kevään 2020 poikkeusolojen aikana. Kasvatus 54 (4), 326-340.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Opettajien, oppilaiden ja huoltajien näkemyksiä peruskoulun ja lukion etäopetuksesta kevään 2020 poikkeusolojen aikana</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2023" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
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