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    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>DDI description: Distance Learning during COVID‑19 School Closures: Parent Survey 2020</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">DDI-kuvailu: Koronapandemian poikkeusolojen etäopetus: huoltajakysely 2020</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">4083</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <producer abbr="FSD">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</producer>
        <copyright>Finnish Social Science Data Archive</copyright>
        <prodPlac>Finnish Social Science Data Archive</prodPlac>
      </prodStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version date="2026-07-09" type="mef_eng">1.0.0</version>
      </verStmt>
      <biblCit>Distance Learning during COVID‑19 School Closures: Parent Survey 2020 [metadata]. Metadata version 1.0.0 (2026-07-09). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd4083; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4083</biblCit>
      <holdings location="Finnish Social Science Data Archive FSD" URI="https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4083" />
    </citation>
    <notes xml:lang="fi">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), joiden tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons 1.0 Yleismaailmallinen (CC0 1.0) -lisenssillä.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.fi" />
    </notes>
    <notes xml:lang="en">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) are licensed under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) license.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en" />
    </notes>
    <notes xml:lang="sv">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) är licensierade under en Creative Commons 1.0 Universiell (CC0 1.0) licens.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.sv" />
    </notes>
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  <stdyDscr>
    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>Distance Learning during COVID‑19 School Closures: Parent Survey 2020</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">Koronapandemian poikkeusolojen etäopetus: huoltajakysely 2020</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">4083</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="URN">urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4083</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">10.60686/t-fsd4083</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <rspStmt>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Aerila, Juli-Anna
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1109-8803" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0002-1109-8803</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Jankama, Hilppa</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Keinänen, Heli
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-7157" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0003-3193-7157</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Kemppinen, Lauri
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1592-6944" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0002-1592-6944</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Koivisto, Kimmo</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Koski, Pasi
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-3698" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0001-5352-3698</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Kärki, Tomi
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5711-2164" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0002-5711-2164</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Nieminen, Noora
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3872-3899" role="PID" title="ORCID">0009-0002-3872-3899</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Orell, Miina
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6519-7751" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0002-6519-7751</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Vänttinen, Juha</AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Turku">Yrjänäinen, Sari
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1246-2902" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0002-1246-2902</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <copyright>In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor.</copyright>
      </prodStmt>
      <distStmt>
        <distrbtr abbr="FSD" URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</distrbtr>
        <distDate date="2026-08-28" />
      </distStmt>
      <serStmt ID="S8" URI="https://services.fsd.tuni.fi/catalogue/series/8?lang=en">
        <serName>Individual datasets</serName>
        <serInfo>
          <p>Individual datasets that do not belong to any series.</p>
        </serInfo>
      </serStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version date="2026-06-24" type="main_data">1.0</version>
      </verStmt>
      <biblCit>Aerila, Juli-Anna (University of Turku) &amp; Jankama, Hilppa (University of Turku) &amp; Keinänen, Heli (University of Turku) &amp; Kemppinen, Lauri (University of Turku) &amp; Koivisto, Kimmo (University of Turku) &amp; Koski, Pasi (University of Turku) &amp; Kärki, Tomi (University of Turku) &amp; Nieminen, Noora (University of Turku) &amp; Orell, Miina (University of Turku) &amp; Vänttinen, Juha (University of Turku) &amp; Yrjänäinen, Sari (University of Turku): Distance Learning during COVID‑19 School Closures: Parent Survey 2020 [dataset]. Data version 1.0 (2026-06-24). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd4083; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4083</biblCit>
      <holdings location="Finnish Social Science Data Archive FSD" URI="https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4083" />
    </citation>
    <stdyInfo>
      <subject>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">primary education</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">primary schools</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">COVID-19</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">distance education</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">teaching</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">quality of life</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">psychological well-being</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">educational attendance</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">learning</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">upper secondary education</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">parents</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">children</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">students</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">educational facilities</keyword>
        <topcClas vocab="OKM" vocabURI="http://www.yso.fi/onto/okm-tieteenala/conceptscheme">Social sciences</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Compulsory and pre-school education</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Higher and further education</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Social conditions and indicators</topcClas>
      </subject>
      <abstract>
        <p>The dataset contains responses to a survey conducted among parents of comprehensive school and upper secondary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey covered themes such as schooling, teaching, and learning. The questionnaire could be completed in either Finnish or English. The data were collected as part of the broader Distance Learning (DisLe) research project.</p>
        <p>First, parents were asked to indicate the school level and grade of the child from whose perspective they were completing the questionnaire. The parents then evaluated statements related to schooling under the exceptional circumstances, including satisfaction with distance learning, the organisation of distance learning, their child's experiences of distance learning, and communication between teachers and the home. Next, parents assessed the suitability of distance learning for different school subjects and compared various aspects of distance learning with teaching under normal circumstances. They were then asked what kinds of devices and learning platforms their children used for studying and submitting assignments and how much parental support was needed in information technology-related matters. Finally, the survey examined whether the child had received support during distance learning, for example from a school counsellor or psychologist, whether parents had received information about where to seek help for school-related challenges, and whether parents had discussed school with their children more than usual at home.</p>
        <p>Background variables include the respondent's role in relation to the student, the respondent's child's school level and grade, school size, the child's primary mode of study, the language spoken at home, the number of underage children in the household, the respondent's educational background, the respondent's year of birth, and whether the respondent had completed comprehensive school in Finland.</p>
      </abstract>
      <sumDscr>
        <timePrd event="single" date="2020" />
        <collDate event="start" date="2020-05-15" />
        <collDate event="end" date="2020-08-31" />
        <nation abbr="FI">Finland</nation>
        <geogCover>Finland</geogCover>
        <anlyUnit>Individual
          <concept vocab="DDI Analysis Unit" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:AnalysisUnit:2.1.3">Individual</concept>
        </anlyUnit>
        <universe clusion="I">Parents and guardians of comprehensive school and upper secondary school students</universe>
        <dataKind>Quantitative</dataKind>
      </sumDscr>
    </stdyInfo>
    <method>
      <dataColl>
        <timeMeth>Cross-section
          <concept vocab="DDI Time Method" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TimeMethod:1.2.3">CrossSection</concept>
        </timeMeth>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Aerila, Juli-Anna</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Jankama, Hilppa</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Keinänen, Heli</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Kemppinen, Lauri</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Koivisto, Kimmo</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Koski, Pasi</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Kärki, Tomi</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Nieminen, Noora</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Orell, Miina</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Vänttinen, Juha</dataCollector>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Turku">Yrjänäinen, Sari</dataCollector>
        <sampProc>Non-probability: Availability
          <concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:SamplingProcedure:2.0.2">Nonprobability.Availability</concept>
        </sampProc>
        <sampProc>
          <p>Data were collected in collaboration with school principals and local education authorities in a targeted manner from the Teacher Training School of the University of Turku and schools in two cities in Western Finland. School principals were responsible for distributing the survey via the schools' communication channels. Additionally, in one of these cities, an announcement and a survey link were published on the city's website. Data were also collected through a public survey link shared in newspapers, on city and newspaper websites, and on social media. Responses were received from across Finland.</p>
        </sampProc>
        <collMode>Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI)
          <concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:ModeOfCollection:5.0.1">SelfAdministeredQuestionnaire.CAWI</concept>
        </collMode>
        <resInstru>Structured questionnaire
          <concept vocab="DDI Type of Instrument" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TypeOfInstrument:1.1.2">Questionnaire.Structured</concept>
        </resInstru>
        <weight>There are no weight variables in the data.</weight>
      </dataColl>
      <anlyInfo>
        <dataAppr>The Finnish Social Science Data Archive does not have an English-language questionnaire for the dataset.</dataAppr>
      </anlyInfo>
      <stdyClas type="A">Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. The data are checked and processed in detail. If necessary, the data are anonymised.</stdyClas>
    </method>
    <dataAccs>
      <setAvail>
        <accsPlac URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</accsPlac>
        <complete>The dataset does not include responses to open-ended question 30 of the questionnaire.</complete>
      </setAvail>
      <useStmt>
        <restrctn>The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.</restrctn>
        <citReq>The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.</citReq>
        <deposReq>Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.</deposReq>
        <disclaimer>The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.</disclaimer>
      </useStmt>
      <notes type="TIIPII">For reasons of confidentiality, the data were anonymised at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive by removing variables VAR00004 and VAR00005. These variables contained information on the name of the respondent's child's school and/or municipality.</notes>
    </dataAccs>
    <othrStdyMat>
      <relStdy>FSD4080 Distance Learning during COVID‑19 School Closures: Survey of Years 1-3 Pupils 2020
        <ExtLink URI="https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD4080?lang=en&amp;study_language=en" />
      </relStdy>
      <relStdy>FSD4081 Distance Learning during COVID-19 School Closures: Survey of Pupils in Years 4-9 and Upper Secondary School Students 2020
        <ExtLink URI="https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD4081?lang=en&amp;study_language=en" />
      </relStdy>
      <relStdy>FSD4082 Distance Learning during COVID‑19 School Closures: Teacher Survey 2020
        <ExtLink URI="https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD4082?lang=en&amp;study_language=en" />
      </relStdy>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Kärki, T., Keinänen, H., Aerila, J-A. Orell, M., Kemppinen, L. &amp; Koski, P. (2023) Opettajien, oppilaiden ja huoltajien näkemyksiä peruskoulun ja lukion etäopetuksesta kevään 2020 poikkeusolojen aikana. Kasvatus 54 (4), 326-340.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Opettajien, oppilaiden ja huoltajien näkemyksiä peruskoulun ja lukion etäopetuksesta kevään 2020 poikkeusolojen aikana</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2023" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
    </othrStdyMat>
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