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        <titl>DDI description: Responses Generated by Large Language Models to Ethically Challenging Prompts 2024- 2025</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">DDI-kuvailu: Suurten kielimallien tuottamat vastaukset eettisesti haastaviin kehotteisiin 2024-2025</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">4133</IDNo>
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        <producer abbr="FSD">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</producer>
        <copyright>Finnish Social Science Data Archive</copyright>
        <prodPlac>Finnish Social Science Data Archive</prodPlac>
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        <version date="2026-10-29" type="mef_eng">1.0.0</version>
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      <biblCit>Responses Generated by Large Language Models to Ethically Challenging Prompts 2024- 2025 [metadata]. Metadata version 1.0.0 (2026-10-29). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd4133; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4133</biblCit>
      <holdings location="Finnish Social Science Data Archive FSD" URI="https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4133" />
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    <notes xml:lang="fi">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records), joiden tekijä on Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive), on lisensoitu Creative Commons 1.0 Yleismaailmallinen (CC0 1.0) -lisenssillä.
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    <notes xml:lang="en">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) by Suomen yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) are licensed under a Creative Commons 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) license.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en" />
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    <notes xml:lang="sv">FSD:n aineistokuvailut (FSD metadata records) av Finlands samhällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv (Finnish Social Science Data Archive) är licensierade under en Creative Commons 1.0 Universiell (CC0 1.0) licens.
      <ExtLink URI="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.sv" />
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    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>Responses Generated by Large Language Models to Ethically Challenging Prompts 2024- 2025</titl>
        <parTitl xml:lang="fi">Suurten kielimallien tuottamat vastaukset eettisesti haastaviin kehotteisiin 2024-2025</parTitl>
        <IDNo agency="FSD">4133</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="URN">urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4133</IDNo>
        <IDNo agency="DOI">10.60686/t-fsd4133</IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <rspStmt>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Oulu">Bazuaye, Deborah E.
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7111-7547" role="PID" title="ORCID">0009-0007-7111-7547</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Oulu">Guadagno, Rosanna E.
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8247-5154" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0001-8247-5154</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Oulu">Pohjalainen, Sami
          <ExtLink URI="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-4245" role="PID" title="ORCID">0000-0002-4429-4245</ExtLink>
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="University of Oulu">Koirala, Sharamsh</AuthEnty>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <copyright>In accordance with the agreement between FSD and the depositor.</copyright>
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      <distStmt>
        <distrbtr abbr="FSD" URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</distrbtr>
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      <verStmt>
        <version date="2026-10-29" type="main_data">1.0</version>
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      <biblCit>Bazuaye, Deborah E. (University of Oulu) &amp; Guadagno, Rosanna E. (University of Oulu) &amp; Pohjalainen, Sami (University of Oulu) &amp; Koirala, Sharamsh (University of Oulu): Responses Generated by Large Language Models to Ethically Challenging Prompts 2024- 2025 [dataset]. Data version 1.0 (2026-10-29). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd4133; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4133</biblCit>
      <holdings location="Finnish Social Science Data Archive FSD" URI="https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4133" />
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    <stdyInfo>
      <subject>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">artificial intelligence</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">ethics</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">responsibility</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">data protection</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">legislation</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">law enforcement</keyword>
        <keyword vocab="ELSST" vocabURI="https://elsst.cessda.eu/id">crime and security</keyword>
        <topcClas vocab="OKM" vocabURI="http://www.yso.fi/onto/okm-tieteenala/conceptscheme">Social sciences</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Information society</topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="CESSDA Topic Classification" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.cessda.cv:TopicClassification:4.2.3">Information technology</topcClas>
      </subject>
      <abstract>
        <p>The dataset consists of 1,260 texts generated by six large language models in response to ethically challenging prompts created by researchers. The researchers created 70 prompts covering 16 ethically sensitive topics; for each prompt, three versions were generated: a standard version, a role-playing version, and a version designed to encourage the circumvention of safety restrictions.</p>
        <p>The prompts address ethical dilemmas, individual rights, the exercise of societal power, freedom of expression, police use of force, and the responsibilities of governments and AI systems. They also consider violations of the law or violent action as potentially justified means and, in some cases, request detailed instructions for dangerous activities. Several prompts concern cybersecurity, malware, fraud, document forgery, financial crime, and the circumvention of system safeguards. The prompts also include medical questions concerning medication, dosages, allergies, and the prevention of mental health problems, as well as the use of health and personal data to influence people's behaviour. Some address privacy, consent, confidentiality, research ethics, AI training data, and covert recording. In addition, the prompts include questions concerning hate speech, religion, child safety, and other age-restricted content. Overall, the prompts test how AI systems respond to ethically challenging, privacy-infringing, discriminatory, dangerous, or unlawful requests.</p>
      </abstract>
      <sumDscr>
        <collDate event="start" date="2024-08-11" />
        <collDate event="end" date="2025-07-02" />
        <nation abbr="FI">Finland</nation>
        <geogCover>No specific geographical coverage</geogCover>
        <anlyUnit>Media unit: Text
          <concept vocab="DDI Analysis Unit" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:AnalysisUnit:2.1.3">MediaUnit.Text</concept>
        </anlyUnit>
        <universe clusion="I">Responses from the six major language models to the given prompts</universe>
        <dataKind>Qualitative</dataKind>
      </sumDscr>
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    <method>
      <dataColl>
        <timeMeth>Cross-section
          <concept vocab="DDI Time Method" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TimeMethod:1.2.3">CrossSection</concept>
        </timeMeth>
        <dataCollector affiliation="University of Oulu">Bazuaye, Deborah E.</dataCollector>
        <sampProc>Non-probability: Purposive
          <concept vocab="DDI Sampling Procedure" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:SamplingProcedure:2.0.2">Nonprobability.Purposive</concept>
        </sampProc>
        <sampProc>
          <p>Six large language models were selected to represent diverse safety architectures and alignment approaches. The prompt set was researcher-constructed to cover 16 ethically sensitive categories informed by provider usage policies and relevant regulatory frameworks, rather than sampled from an existing population.</p>
        </sampProc>
        <collMode>Experiment
          <concept vocab="DDI Mode of Collection" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:ModeOfCollection:5.0.1">Experiment</concept>
          <txt>The data were generated through a controlled trial examining how six large language models (Claude 3.5 Sonnet, Command R+, Dolphin 2.5, Gemini 1.5 Pro, GPT-4o and GPT-o1) respond to ethically sensitive requests under different prompt framings. Seventy standard (STD) prompts across 16 ethically sensitive categories served as the baseline condition, and each was reframed as a character role-play (CRP) prompt and a Do Anything Now (DAN) jailbreak prompt, forming two experimental conditions and yielding 210 prompts. All prompts were submitted manually to each model via the You.com platform, each in a new session with no custom instructions, and responses were recorded verbatim in structured spreadsheets. No human participants were involved.</txt>
        </collMode>
        <resInstru>Other research instrument
          <concept vocab="DDI Type of Instrument" vocabURI="https://vocabularies.cessda.eu/urn/urn:ddi:int.ddi.cv:TypeOfInstrument:1.1.2">Other</concept>
        </resInstru>
      </dataColl>
      <stdyClas type="A">Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. The data are checked and processed in detail. If necessary, the data are anonymised.</stdyClas>
    </method>
    <dataAccs>
      <setAvail>
        <accsPlac URI="https://www.fsd.tuni.fi/">Finnish Social Science Data Archive</accsPlac>
        <collSize>70 prompts and the 1,260 text responses generated by the language models in a single ODS file.</collSize>
      </setAvail>
      <useStmt>
        <restrctn>The dataset is (A) openly available for all users without registration (CC BY 4.0).</restrctn>
        <citReq>The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.</citReq>
        <deposReq>Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.</deposReq>
        <disclaimer>The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.</disclaimer>
      </useStmt>
      <notes>The responses generated by the language models are based on public sources available online, therefore, the data does not contain such personal information that would require anonymisation. However, the authors have removed personal information (name and institution) from a few of the responses generated by artificial intelligence and replaced it with a descriptive label (e.g., researcher).</notes>
    </dataAccs>
    <othrStdyMat>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Bazuaye, D. E. (2025, November). Building Safer AI: Testing Ethical Boundaries and Safety Mechanisms. Poster presentation, Arctic AI Day, Oulu, Finland.
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Building Safer AI: Testing Ethical Boundaries and Safety Mechanisms.</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2025" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="en">Bazuaye, D. E., Guadagno, R. E., &amp; Pohjolainen, S. (2026). Between Ethics and Law: A Socio-Technical Assessment of LLM Responses Against Article 5 of the EU AI Act. Proceedings of TKTP 2026, 43rd Annual Symposium on Computer Science, University of Turku, Finland, 8-9 June 2026. Jufo level 1 (peer-reviewed).
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Between Ethics and Law: A Socio-Technical Assessment of LLM Responses Against Article 5 of the EU AI Act</titl>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2026" />
          </distStmt>
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
      <relPubl xml:lang="fi">Bazuaye, D.E. (2025) Probing the Ethical Boundaries of Large Language Models: Responding to Dilemmatic Prompts (2025). Master's thesis, University of Oulu. urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202506174695
        <citation>
          <titlStmt>
            <titl>Probing the Ethical Boundaries of Large Language Models: Responding to Dilemmatic Prompts</titl>
            <IDNo agency="URN">URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202506174695</IDNo>
          </titlStmt>
          <distStmt>
            <distDate date="2025" />
          </distStmt>
          <holdings URI="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-202506174695" />
        </citation>
      </relPubl>
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