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[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[q1] At the present moment, how interested are you in/how closely do you follow matters related to Finland's EU membership

[q2] How familiar do you think you are with the said matters? Are you ...

[q3] How much has the Finnish society changed since Finland joined the EU?

[q4] If you compare the changes to your presuppositions, have they been ...

[q5] Do you think that the EU membership will still result in major changes which have not yet been realised

[q6] What is your estimate of the way the EU will develop in the coming years? How about the pace of these developments? In your opinion, is the EU facing...

[q7_1] How satisfied are you with the way the following body or person has handled EU affairs: Parliament

[q7_2] How satisfied are you with the way the following body or person has handled EU affairs: President Martti Ahtisaari

[q7_3] How satisfied are you with the way the following body or person has handled EU affairs: present Government

[q7_4] How satisfied are you with the way the following body or person has handled EU affairs: Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen

[q7_5] How satisfied are you with the way the following body or person has handled EU affairs: previous Government

[q7_6] How satisfied are you with the way the following body or person has handled EU affairs: Finnish MEPs

[q7_7] How satisfied are you with the way the following body or person has handled EU affairs: EU Commissioner Erkki Liikanen

[q7_8] How satisfied are you with the way the following body or person has handled EU affairs: extent to which EU has met and understood Finnish aims

[q7_9] How satisfied are you with the way the following body or person has handled EU affairs: media as disseminator of EU information

[q7_10] How satisfied are you with the way the following body or person has handled EU affairs: quantity and intelligibility of the EU information disseminated by the media

[q7_11] How satisfied are you with the way the following body or person has handled EU affairs: impartiality of the EU information disseminated by the media

[q7_12] How satisfied are you with the way the following body or person has handled EU affairs: public debate on EU issues in Finland

[q7_13] How satisfied are you with the way the following body or person has handled EU affairs: bodies/organisations favouring EU membership

[q7_14] How satisfied are you with the way the following body or person has handled EU affairs: bodies/organisations criticising EU membership

[q8_1] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: living conditions in general

[q8_2] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: standard of living and material welfare

[q8_3] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: national economy

[q8_4] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: employment

[q8_5] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: position of enterprises

[q8_6] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: export and foreign trade

[q8_7] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: businesses in the domestic market

[q8_8] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: price of food

[q8_9] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: quality of food

[q8_10] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: arts and culture

[q8_11] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: education

[q8_12] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: social security

[q8_13] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: environmental protection

[q8_14] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: differences in the standard of living between population groups/regional areas

[q8_15] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: equality between genders/position of women

[q8_16] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: national sovereignty

[q8_17] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: security policy

[q8_18] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: relationship to Russia

[q8_19] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: Nordic co-operation

[q8_20] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: Finnish image abroad

[q8_21] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: Finland as a target of foreign investments

[q8_22] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: Finnish identity/self-image

[q8_23] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: general mental climate in Finland

[q8_24] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: position of wage earners

[q8_25] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: position of farmers

[q8_26] How has the EU membership affected the following aspects of the Finnish society: your own position and life

[q9_1] Finland should try to: further the relationship between the EU and Russia

[q9_2] Finland should try to: promote Nordic welfare model

[q9_3] Finland should try to: keep the EU coalition as weak as possible

[q9_4] Finland should try to: convert the EU into a tight federation

[q9_5] Finland should try to: encourage EU expansion to Eastern Europe/by accepting new member

[q9_6] Finland should try to: control international crime

[q9_7] Finland should try to: promote openness and democracy in EU decision making

[q9_8] Finland should try to: be active in creating joint EU crisis management and rapid reaction forces

[q9_9] Finland should try to: create strict environmental norms which would be generally binding

[q9_10] Finland should try to: increase the influence of small member states in EU decision making

[q9_11] Finland should try to: promote creation of common foreign and security policy for the EU

[q9_12] Finland should try to: promote creation of common EU defence

[q9_13] Finland should try to: firmly safeguard and defend Finnish national interests

[q9_14] Finland should try to: develop ways to curb unemployment

[q9_15] Finland should try to: promote EMU

[q9_16] Finland should try to: promote the adoption of single currency

[q9_17] Finland should try to: strengthen the vitality of national cultures

[q9_18] Finland should try to: strengthen the position of humane values within the EU

[q9_19] Finland should try to: promote extensive regional and agricultural subsidies

[q9_20] Finland should try to: reform/streamline EU administration

[q9_21] Finland should try to: promote equality between genders

[q9_22] Finland should try to: reduce differences in welfare and the standard of living between the member states

[q10_1] As a neighbour of the unstable Russia, it is safer for Finland to be an EU member than to be outside it

[q10_2] EU membership forces Finns to comply with many norms and regulations which we do not want or need

[q10_3] Even as an EU member, Finland can maintain its national identity

[q10_4] EU membership fees are much too high when compared with the advantages

[q10_5] Even if EU faces many problems, it is nevertheless the only power which can guide and control European development

[q10_6] In the future, EU will become a tight federation in which national states play no role

[q10_7] Finland has succeeded in making itself heard in EU decision making

[q10_8] I will surely vote in the first EU parliamentary elections which are to be held in Finland the following year

[q10_9] If I did not know that Finland is a member of the EU, I would not easily notice it in my everyday life

[q10_10] Just as the Swedish and the Austrians, Finns will eventually regret their decision to join the EU

[q10_11] Even though the importance of the 1996 Intergovernmental Conference has been discussed in the media, me and my friends have not spoken about it at all

[q10_12] The disadvantages and threats about which the opponents of the EU warned before the referendum have to large extent come true

[q10_13] The advantages and promises about which the supporters of the EU talked before the referendum have to large extent come true

[q10_14] I have no idea of what the Finnish MEPs have done or what they are planning to do

[q10_15] If decisions which have a profound impact on citizens' living conditions are made in the EU over the next few years, they should be subjected to a referendum in Finland

[q10_16] Nowadays, the EU listens very carefully to citizens' opinions, and the Union is not devised against their wishes

[q10_17] The EU referendum left deep scars on Finns, and will continue to divide people into two camps

[q10_18] The EU membership redefines Finland's international status in a totally new way

[q10_19] Finland should form rapid reaction forces for international crisis management

[q10_20] Finland should leave the EU

[q10_21] If the public opinion continues to be favourable to the EU, it will increase Finland's credibility and influence in the Union

[q10_22] The EU is a selfish lobbying mechanism of the European welfare states which lacks joint global responsibility

[q10_23] As an EU member Finland will eventually join some military alliance (Nato, WEU)

[q10_24] After joining EMU (European Monetary Union) it would be impossible to devaluate our currency, and Finland should, therefore, remain outside EMU

[q10_25] Finland must in all circumstances be able to answer for its own safety. Others cannot help

[q10_26] The European Parliament is nowadays a mere debating club which has no real influence on the EU decision making

[q10_27] Although increasing the power of the European Parliament would in principle democratise EU decision making, in practice it would diminish the influence of small member states such as Finland

[q10_28] Effective environmental protection is possible only if the EU states work together

[q11_1] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Bulgaria

[q11_2] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Iceland

[q11_3] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Cyprus

[q11_4] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Latvia

[q11_5] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Lithuania

[q11_6] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Malta

[q11_7] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Norway

[q11_8] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Poland

[q11_9] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Romania

[q11_10] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Slovakia

[q11_11] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Switzerland

[q11_12] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Czech Republic

[q11_13] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Turkey

[q11_14] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Ukraine

[q11_15] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Hungary

[q11_16] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Belarus

[q11_17] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Russia

[q11_18] What is your reaction to the EU membership of the following country: Estonia

[q12_1] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to curbing inflation

[q12_2] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to the aims of the trade unions

[q12_3] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to stability and predictability of economic development

[q12_4] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to employment

[q12_5] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to wage level

[q12_6] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to flexibility in labour market/working life

[q12_7] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to interest rates

[q12_8] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to taxation

[q12_9] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to reducing exchange rate risks (loans, foreign trade)

[q12_10] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to differences in regional development

[q12_11] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to industry and business life in general

[q12_12] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to banks

[q12_13] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to the development of the public sector

[q12_14] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to international price comparison

[q12_15] From the Finnish point of view, would EMU membership be beneficial or harmful: to the credibility of the Finnish economic policy

[q13a] How did you vote in the autumn 1994 EU referendum

[q13b] If a new referendum was to be held, how would you vote

[bv1] sex

[bv2] age group

[bv3] size of the municipality of residence

[bv4] Province of residence

[bv5] Respondent's basic education

[bv6] Respondent's vocational education

[bv7] Respondent's economic activity and occupational group

[bv8] Respondent's industry of employment

[bv9] Are you a member of a trade union?

[bv10] If the parliamentary elections were held now, for which party would you vote