Select variable

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[q1_1] To what extent do you agree with the following statement: Everyone can influence matters in his/her municipality of residence if he/she wants to

[q1_2] To what extent do you agree with the following statement: Municipal taxation in Finland is not excessive in relation to the selection and quality of municipal services

[q1_3] To what extent do you agree with the following statement: If it has to be done, it is better to raise the municipal tax rate than to cut down municipal services

[q1_4] To what extent do you agree with the following statement: In the future, municipalities should increase rather than cut down municipal services

[q1_5] To what extent do you agree with the following statement: Municipal self-government is a fundamental value for Finns, and it should not be undermined in any circumstances

[q1_6] To what extent do you agree with the following statement: Local government could be abolished in municipalities where there is already enough service provision

[q1_7] To what extent do you agree with the following statement: If Finnish municipalities are not streamlined and their economy hard-handedly reorganised soon, the majority of them will end up in a state of bankruptcy before long

[q1_8] To what extent do you agree with the following statement: If inhabitants do not use the basic municipal services, they should be given a reimbursement

[q1_9] To what extent do you agree with the following statement: Citizens should have the right to free or almost free municipal basic services regardless of the costs of service provision

[q1_10] To what extent do you agree with the following statement: Retrenchments in municipal services and administration are no longer necessary, because the essential cuts have already been carried out and the worst financial crisis passed

[q1_11] To what extent do you agree with the following statement: Municipalities should boldly borrow more to boost employment, because they would certainly get their investment back as a result of increasing employment

[q1_12] To what extent do you agree with the following statement: Municipalities should perform their tasks as well as they can in terms of finance, and leave the responsibility for employing the inhabitants to the state and companies

[q1_13] To what extent do you agree with the following statement: Municipalities should consciously increase their responsibility for employing inhabitants by raising funds e.g. through taxation, and then using them for increasing employment

[q1_14] To what extent do you agree with the following statement: The state should move the tasks and funds of employment offices to municipalities to be used for increasing employment

[q2_1] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: Maintenance of parks and recreation areas

[q2_2] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: Public transport services

[q2_3] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: Support of business life

[q2_4] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: Support of housing production

[q2_5] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: Sports, exercise and outdoor recreation possibilities and services

[q2_6] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: Salaries of municipal officials and employees

[q2_7] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: School services

[q2_8] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: Child day care

[q2_9] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: Elderly care

[q2_10] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: Minimum income guarantee (formerly social welfare)

[q2_11] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: Street maintenance and lighting

[q2_12] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: Municipal health centre services

[q2_13] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: Library services

[q2_14] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: Environmental protection

[q2_15] If municipalities are forced to reduce their expenses, how much would you think the following area could be cut down to generate savings: Culture services, e.g. theatres

[q3_1] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Is highly educated

[q3_2] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Has plenty of experience of local council work and municipal politics

[q3_3] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Represents people of your age group

[q3_4] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Is the same sex as you

[q3_5] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Is active in organisational policy

[q3_6] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Has a successful career outside politics

[q3_7] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Is a well-known person in your municipality of residence

[q3_8] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Has an elegant appearance and is stylish

[q3_9] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Is a good public performer and has a good delivery

[q3_10] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Is enthusiastically assertive

[q3_11] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Is actively in contact with his/her own voters between various elections

[q3_12] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Belongs to the right political party

[q3_13] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Is from the same district or village as you

[q3_14] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Has co-operation and negotiation skills

[q3_15] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Is completely independent of political parties

[q3_16] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Does not promise anything at all

[q3_17] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Is determined to promote the interests of people and population groups like you

[q3_18] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Has the courage to act against the interests of his/her voters if necessary

[q3_19] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Places a great emphasis on other people's opinions when making his/her decisions

[q3_20] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Conforms to the will of his/her political group's majority

[q3_21] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Is irreproachable as a person

[q3_22] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Opposes raising municipal tax rate

[q3_23] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Opposes cutting down municipal services

[q3_24] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Acts boldly to improve the municipality's financial situation although it may entail service level reduction

[q3_25] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Has the courage to support raising the municipal tax rate if it's necessary regarding the financial situation

[q3_26] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Supports privatising municipal services

[q3_27] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Supports strictly increasing municipal employment projects

[q3_28] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Defends the current government in Finland

[q3_29] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Opposes the current government in Finland

[q3_30] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Supports Finland's EU membership

[q3_31] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Opposes Finland's EU membership

[q3_32] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Acts so that society becomes more competitive and market-oriented

[q3_33] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Acts so that the living conditions in your municipality of residence become socially more equal

[q3_34] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Does not work for the municipality

[q3_35] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Opposes the influence of market forces in society

[q3_36] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Acts strictly to reduce malpractices and crimes in municipal administration

[q3_37] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Opposes strictly all projects which may threaten the existing natural environment in your municipality

[q3_38] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Is a professional politician

[q3_39] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Promotes the interests of minorities in the municipality

[q3_40] How pleased would you be to see the following characteristic in your own representative in next Autumn's municipal elections: Is well familiar with entrepreneurship

[q4_1] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Is an essential provider and guarantor for citizens' welfare

[q4_2] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Needs to be cut down and streamlined thoroughly

[q4_3] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Is an effective and working system

[q4_4] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Patronises and passivises inhabitants too much

[q4_5] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Has suffered too much from reductions and cuts during the last years

[q4_6] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Has grown excessively in terms of extent and expenses

[q4_7] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Implements social justice and equality

[q4_8] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Provides diversified quality services

[q4_9] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Is the most effective influencing channel for citizens

[q4_10] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Is an ineffective and obstinate entity

[q4_11] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Has to operate under excessive state control

[q4_12] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Should be privatised as regards several services

[q4_13] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Should be based more on voluntariness, associations and enterprises

[q4_14] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Is a quasi-democratic decision-making body

[q4_15] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Has elevated taxation to an unbearable level

[q4_16] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Has tumbled into the hands of officials too much and left elected officials without real power

[q4_17] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Has developed towards a better direction during the last years

[q4_18] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Has lost touch with citizens and their needs

[q4_19] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Realises the hopes of companies and business life without a will of its own

[q4_20] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Is a system that is behind the times and should be abolished

[q4_21] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Is possible to preserve in its present form, in case there is enough will

[q4_22] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Is the safety net of society, without which many people would be abandoned

[q4_23] How well does the following statement describe your personal opinion? A Finnish municipality: Will become much poorer in terms of services in the future

[q5] Do you work for the municipality?

[q6] If parliamentary elections were held now, which party or group would you vote for?

[q7] If parliamentary elections were held now, which party or group would be your SECOND CHOICE (i.e. some other party than in the previous question)?

[q8] Which party or group did you vote for in the parliamentary elections in March 1995?

[bv1] Respondent's gender

[bv2] Respondent's age (categorised at FSD)

[bv3] Respondent's basic education

[bv4] Respondent's vocational education

[bv5] Within which of the following income brackets does your gross household income fall (total income of all household members before taxes)?

[bv6_1] Number of persons aged over 16 in the household (top-coded at FSD)

[bv6_2] Number of persons aged 7-16 in the household (top-coded at FSD)

[bv6_3] Number of persons aged under 7 in the household (top-coded at FSD)

[bv6_4] Total number of persons in the household (top-coded at FSD)

[bv7] Respondent's household composition

[bv8_a] Economic activity and occupational status of the household head (the person with the highest income)

[bv8_b] (IF RETIRED) Former economic activity and occupational status of the household head (the person with the highest income)

[bv8_c] Respondent's economic activity and occupational status (IF RESPONDENT IS THE HOUSEHOLD HEAD, USE THE SAME AS IN a) OR b))

[bv9] Respondent's employment status

[bv10] Who decides over your household's grocery shopping?

[bv11] Type of neighbourhood

[bv12] Respondent's province of residence (according to the pre-1997 classification)

[kunta] Respondent's municipality of residence