Select variable

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[q1] Which alternative on this card offers best describes your current main activity?

[q2] How many employees do you have?

[q5] In which branch do you/did you work?

[q6] Which of the alternatives in this card best describes your present or last employer?

[q7] Respondent's marital status

[q9] Are you a member of any trade union, professional association or employer organization?

[q10] (IF A MEMBER) Do you participate actively or are you only a member?

[q11_1] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Political party organization

[q11_2] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Religious organization

[q11_3] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Sports club

[q11_4] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Women's organization

[q11_5] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Charity organization

[q11_6] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Veteran and reservist organization

[q11_7] Which non-governmental/voluntary organizations do you belong to: Song, music, or other cultural organization

[q12_1] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non-active member: No

[q12_2] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non-active member: Yes, other organizations in which a non-active member

[q12_3] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations in which you are an active/non-active member: Yes, other organizations in which an active member

[q12_4] Are there other non-governmental/voluntary organizations, in which you are an active/non-active member: Can't say

[q13] How interested are you in politics?

[q14] When discussing politics with people who disagree with you, have you tried to make them agree with you?

[q15_1] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Signed a petition or equivalent?

[q15_2] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Participated in a demonstration?

[q15_3] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Written about politics in a newspaper?

[q15_4] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Contacted a MP, municipal councillor or other politician?

[q15_5] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Worn a political button?

[q15_6] Have you during the past four years done the following, and if not, would you do so if the matter was important: Attended a political meeting or event?

[q16] Do you generally think yourself as a supporter of a particular political party?

[q17] What party do you support?

[q18_1] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The Church

[q18_2] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Parliament

[q18_3] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is attitude towards: Small entrepreneurs

[q18_4] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Refugees

[q18_5] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Feminist movement

[q18_6] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: The police

[q18_7] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Gypsies

[q18_8] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements for the EU membership

[q18_9] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Citizen movements against the EU membership

[q18_10] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Centre Party

[q18_11] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Social Democratic Party of Finland

[q18_12] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: National Coalition Party

[q18_13] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Left Alliance

[q18_14] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Green League

[q18_15] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedish People's Party

[q18_16] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Finnish Rural Party

[q18_17] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Christian League of Finland

[q18_18] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Liberal Party

[q18_19] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK)

[q18_20] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Organization of Industry and Employers

[q18_21] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK)

[q18_22] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Norwegians

[q18_23] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Swedes

[q18_24] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Germans

[q18_25] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Frenchmen

[q18_26] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Estonians

[q18_27] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Poles

[q18_28] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Russians

[q18_29] On a scale of from -5 (very negative) to +5 (very positive), what is your attitude towards: Americans

[q19_1] Those who sit in Parliament making decisions don't much care what ordinary people think

[q19_2] Political parties are only intrested in people's votes, not in their opinions

[q19_3] By voting people can really have a say about how things are run in this country

[q19_4] In Finland's present economic situation we must know how to cut down environmental demands

[q19_5] Society needs to control business so that banks and industry do not become too influential

[q19_6] People like me can vote but that is the only way we can have any say about politics

[q19_7] Finland's national identity is seriously threatened by immigration

[q19_8] Finnish culture compares favorably with the culture of other countries

[q19_9] Sometimes politics seems so complicated that I cannot quite understand what is going on

[q19_10] In this country, real power is not in the hands of the Government and Parliament but somewhere else

[q19_11] In order to enhance people's own initiative and enterprise we have to accept widening income differences

[q19_12] Those elected to Parliament soon lose touch with voters

[q19_13] When times are hard, the most important thing is to take care of employment of the Finns

[q19_14] Whether Finland acts wisely or wrongly I shall always support my country

[q20] Equality between men and women has been highlighted in the past few years. What is your opinion on the issue, should equality be developed further or has it gone too far?

[q21_1] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which safeguards traditional Finnish values

[q21_2] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must cut down the public sector

[q21_3] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must promote an environmentally friendly society even if it means slow or no economic growth

[q21_4] What do you think of the following suggestions: Right to free abortion must be restricted

[q21_5] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must raise the price of alcohol considerably to decrease alcohol misuse and damages caused by it

[q21_6] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must create a society which has rapid economic growth and high productivity

[q21_7] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must reduce aid given to developing countries

[q21_8] What do you think of the following suggestions: We must work toward a multi-cultural society in which people from other countries and people with different religions and other life styles are well tolerated

[q22] In general, how much do you trust Finnish politicians?

[q23a_1] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Centre Party

[q23a_2] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Social Democratic Party

[q23a_3] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: National Coalition Party

[q23a_4] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Left Alliance

[q23a_5] Where would you place this political party on a scale from left to right: Green League

[q23b] And where would you place yourself on the left-right scale?

[q24] Did you vote in the last parliamentary elections in 1991?

[q25] Which party did you vote for?

[q26a] Did you vote in the first round of the presidential elections last January?

[q26b] Whom did you vote for?

[q27a] Did you vote in the second round of the presidential elections last February?

[q27b] Which candidate did you then vote for?

[q28] If the parliamentary elections were held tomorrow, which party would you vote for?

[q29] How sure are you that you support the party you chose in the previous question, or are you not very sure?

[q30a] This card lists four different goals for political activity. Which goal seems the most important to you?

[q30b] Which goal do you regard as the second most important?

[q30c] Which goal do you regard as the third most important?

[q31a] Which of these geographic areas would you say you most belong to?

[q31b] And to which one do you belong second most?

[q32] How proud are you to be Finnish?

[q33] If you compare your own financial situation with what it was two or three years ago, are you now better off, about the same or worse off?

[q34] In your opinion, in what way has the economy of Finland changed during the past two or three years?

[q35] Looking ahead, how do you think your own financial situation will develop over the next two or three years?

[q36] How would you say Finland's economy will change over the next two or three years?

[q37] How would you say the economy will change in the European Union member countries over the next two or three years?

[q38] If Finland joined the EU, would you say that your own financial situation would get better or worse compared to the situation where Finland did not join?

[q39a] How often do you read articles and news about politics in the newspapers?

[q39b] And how often do you read foreign news?

[q41] How many days a week do you usually watch television news broadcasted by YLE (Finnish Broadcasting Company)?

[q42] How many days a week do you usually watch television news broadcasted by MTV?

[q43] How many days a week do you usually watch A-studio or other current affairs program on television?

[q44] How many days a week do you usually listen to YLE radio news?

[q45] How often do you discuss politics with other people?

[q46] Has the information on EU issues provided by the media helped you to make up your own mind?

[q47] How important a decision is it to Finland to decide whether to join the European Union or not?

[q48] Would it have been better if the Government and Parliament had made the decision about Finland's EU membership, or was it the right thing to hold a referendum?

[q49] In your opinion, should politicians abide by the outcome of the referendum, or would you let Parliament decide the other way?

[q50] When thinking about your family and closest friends, are they generally for or against EU membership?

[q51] How often have you discussed the EU membership issue with your family and friends?

[q52] And what is the general opinion at your work, school etc, are people for or against the EU membership?

[q53] How often have you discussed the EU issue with your colleagues or fellow students?

[q54] When you talked about the EU membership issue with people who did not agree with you, did you try to influence their opinion?

[q55] How much does the EU issue interest you?

[q56] How well informed do you consider yourself to be about issues related to the EU membership?

[q57] Are you in favour of or against Finland's membership in the EU?

[q58] Do you have a sure opinion on the membership issue or are you uncertain?

[q60] Do you think that there are also good arguments for the opposite opinion, or do you think there are no grounds for counter-arguments?

[q63_1] How big an impact the following persons and institutions have had on your opinion on the EU membership: Your family

[q63_2] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Close friends

[q63_3] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Work colleagues/fellow students

[q63_4] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The political party you support

[q63_5] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The newspaper you read

[q63_6] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Television

[q63_7] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The campaign for EU membership

[q63_8] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: The campaign against EU membership

[q63_9] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: General information about the EU

[q63_10] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Views of SAK (Central Organization of Trade Unions)

[q63_11] How big an impact have the following persons and institutions had on your opinion on the EU membership: Views of MTK (Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners)

[q64_1] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU hampers our ability to control the economy of our country

[q64_2] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Promoting equality between men and women becomes more difficult if we join the EU

[q64_3] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Enterprises want the membership in order to get rid of political guidance and control

[q64_4] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU means giving up our national independence

[q64_5] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: The only way to solve environmental problems is cooperation between EU member states

[q64_6] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU helps strengthen our national defence

[q64_7] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: We must join the EU in order to secure our place in Western world

[q64_8] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: If we join the EU, ordinary Finns will no longer have the possibility to influence things, as Brussels and the power will be so far away

[q64_9] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: As an EU member state, we have more influence on our own future than we would have by staying outside the Union

[q64_10] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: Membership in the EU means hard times for our country but life outside the Union would be even harder

[q64_11] Arguments presented for or against joining the EU: It is of no use to oppose the EU membership as Finland will join anyway

[q65_1] How do you suppose Finland's EU membership would influence the development of our country: The environment

[q65_2] How do you suppose Finland's EU membership would influence the development of our country: The economy

[q65_3] How do you suppose Finland's EU membership would influence the development of our country: Employment

[q65_4] How do you suppose Finland's EU membership would influence the development of our country: Agriculture

[q65_5] How do you suppose Finland's EU membership would influence the development of our country: Social security

[q65_6] How do you suppose Finland's EU membership would influence the development of our country: Equality between men and women

[q65_7] How do you suppose Finland's EU membership would influence the development of our country: Military security

[q65_8] How do you suppose Finland's EU membership would influence the development of our country: National independence

[q65_9] How do you suppose Finland's EU membership would influence the development of our country: Possibility to influence the development of the EU

[q65_10] How do you suppose Finland's EU membership would influence the development of our country: Conditions of life in Finland as a whole

[q66_1] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland's EU membership: Citizens of EU member states can travel freely within the EU

[q66_2] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland's EU membership: Citizens of EU member states can choose their place of residence freely within the EU

[q66_3] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland's EU membership: Citizens of EU member states have better possibilities to study in other EU countries

[q66_4] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland's EU membership: Opportunities for export industry

[q66_5] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland's EU membership: Opportunities for our agriculture

[q66_6] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland's EU membership: Food quality and prices

[q66_7] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland's EU membership: Quality and prices of household appliances and vehicles, durable goods in general

[q66_8] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland's EU membership: Employment situation in Finland

[q66_9] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland's EU membership: Internal safety and security, general order in Finland

[q66_10] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland's EU membership: Safety and security of Finland

[q66_11] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland's EU membership: EU's common foreign and security policy

[q66_12] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland's EU membership: The aim of the EU to develop common defence policy, and common defence

[q66_13] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland's EU membership: Finland can participate in decisions and formulation of directives

[q66_14] How do the following influence your own opinion on Finland's EU membership: The impact EU decisions and directives would have on Finland

[q67] Which of the following suggestions is closest to your own views?

[q68_1] Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland's EU membership: Centre Party

[q68_2] Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland's EU membership: Social Democratic Party of Finland

[q68_3] Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland's EU membership: National Coalition Party

[q68_4] Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland's EU membership: Left Alliance

[q68_5] Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland's EU membership: Green League

[q68_6] Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland's EU membership: Swedish People's Party

[q68_7] Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland's EU membership: Finnish Rural Party

[q68_8] Do you think the following political party is for or against Finland's EU membership: Christian League

[q69_1] Do you think the following organization is for or against Finland's EU membership: Central Organization of Industry and Employers

[q69_2] Do you think the following organization is for or against Finland's EU membership: Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK)

[q69_3] Do you think the following organization is for or against Finland's EU membership: Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK)

[q70] Where on this scale would you place yourself?

[q71] Are you going to participate in the referendum on Finland's EU membership?

[q72_1] In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Sign a petition or equivalent?

[q72_2] In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Participate in a demonstration?

[q72_3] In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Write to a newspaper

[q72_4] In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Contact a MP, municipal councillor or other politician?

[q72_5] In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Use a campaign badge or button?

[q72_6] In connection with the present EU campaign, have you done any of the following, and if not, could you do so: Participate in a campaign event or meeting?

[q73] Do you happen to remember whether the EU has 6, 9, 12 or 15 member states at present?

[q74] Do you know in which city the EU commission is located: is it in Paris, Strassbourg, Bonn or Brussels?

[q75] Do you remember how many representatives Finland will have in the European Parliament if our country joins the EU: 12, 16, 20 or 24 representatives?

[q76_1] Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Sweden.

[q76_2] Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Norway.

[q76_3] Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Austria.

[q76_4] Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Some other country.

[q76_5] Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Two other countries.

[q76_6] Finland is one of the four countries which will decide this year whether to join the EU. What are the three other countries? Respondent could't say.

[q77] Austrians voted on their country's EU membership in June. As far as you remember, which side won the Austrian referendum?

[q78] What do you predict will be the outcome of the referendum in Finland? How many people will vote Yes (in percentages)?

[q79] Do you think that, over the next five years, Finns will live in a more or less secure world

[q80_1] Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: European integration

[q80_2] Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Nuclear weapons of the former Soviet Union

[q80_3] Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Use of nuclear energy in Finland

[q80_4] Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Increasing Russian armed forces near Finland, transferred from Central Europe and the Baltic states

[q80_5] Impact on the security of Finns and Finland: Unemployment in Finland

[q81] In your opinion, how well has Finland managed its foreign policy over the past few years?

[q82] What do you think about Finland's policy of neutrality?

[q83a] Which of the following basic defence policies is best for Finland?

[q83b] And which is the second best alternative?

[q83c] And which is the worst alternative?

[q83d] And which is the second worst alternative?

[q84] If Finland were attacked, do you think Finns should in all circumstances take up arms in defence of their country, even if the outcome seemed uncertain?

[q85] What is your opinion on the defence forces funding?

[q86] Should we have more referendums in the future?

[q87] If referendums are held in the future, should they be advisory or binding on Parliament?

[q88] Your mother tongue?

[q89_1] Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Finnish? (NOT ASKED OF RESPONDENTS WHOSE MOTHER TONGUE IS FINNISH)

[q89_2] Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Swedish? (NOT ASKED OF RESPONDENTS WHOSE MOTHER TONGUE IS SWEDISH)

[q89_3] Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: English?

[q89_4] Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: German?

[q89_5] Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: French?

[q89_6] Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Spanish?

[q89_7] Can you read a newspaper in any other language than your mother tongue: Some other language

[q90] Respondent's and the spouse's gross annual income (in Finnish marks)

[q91] Respondent's basic education

[q92] Respondent's vocational education

[q93] In what kind of family did you live when you were 10-18 years old?

[q94] Respondent's year of birth

[q95] Respondent's gender

[q96] Respondent's province of residence

[q97] Are you willing to consent to a brief telephone interview which would take place after the referendum?

[p1] Did you watch the television programme 'Third Round' on channel MTV3, or the debate in the programme 'A-Studio' broadcasted by YLE? (Both were broadcasted just before the referendum date)

[p3] Can you think of any persons who publicly commented on the EU membership and were especially convincing?

[p5] Did you vote in advance or on the actual voting day, or did you not vote this time?

[p6] Did you vote Yes or No as to joining the EU?

[p7] How easy or difficult was it for you to choose whether to vote Yes or No?

[p8] When did you decide how you would vote?

[p11] Supposing that you had voted, which side would you probably have voted for?

[p13] How often did you discuss the referendum with other people?

[p14] When you talked about the EU membership with people who did not agree with you, did you try to influence their opinion?

[p15] Prior to the referendum, how important did you yourself take it to be which side would win and which would lose?

[p16] In your opinion, was the campaign clear enough on what were the differences between the two alternatives?

[p17] In your opinion, did the media favour supporters or opponents of the EU membership, or were they treated equally?

[p18] On the whole, would you say that Finland's EU referendum was conducted fairly, or were perhaps either supporters or opponents of the membership favoured too much?

[p19] In general, how much do you trust the Finnish politicians?

[p20] Would it have been better, after all, if the Government and Parliament had decided on Finland's EU membership, without the referendum?

[p21] In your opinion, should politicians abide by the outcome of the referendum or would you be willing to let Parliament decide against the outcome?

[p22] If the parliamentary elections were held tomorrow, which party would you probably vote for?