Select variable

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[q1_1] No party promotes issues that are important to me

[q1_2] In future, science and technology will be able to solve most present-day problems

[q1_3] EMU membership has been an asset to Finland's development

[q1_4] Nowadays in Finland, men and women are equal enough

[q1_5] Teachers should be given more power to keep order in the classroom

[q1_6] Stock options for corporate managers is the right way to motivate them to good performance and improve corporate profitability

[q1_7] It is a privilege to be a Finn

[q1_8] Recent disastrous floods, storms, drought and other exceptional weather phenomenona have been caused by pollution

[q1_9] Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens

[q1_10] Finland's aging and diminishing population means that Finland needs to make immigration easier

[q1_11] Even though the UN World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg had few concrete results, it was an important step towards solving problems

[q1_12] Brutal crimes commited by young people have become common, which indicates that our society is seriously ill

[q1_13] I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollution and environmental problems

[q1_14] I am so attached to my own region of residence that I would not move anywhere else

[q1_15] If Finns had more a positive attitude to entrepreneurship, the whole society would benefit

[q1_16] Finnish media treat politicians inappropriately and with hostility which lowers the appreciation of politics among citizens

[q1_17] If employees could participate and influence corporate decision-making more, the whole society would benefit

[q1_18] If more foreigners worked in Finland, our country would benefit from the useful international influences they bring

[q1_19] Parliament made the right decision giving permission to build a new nuclear power plant

[q1_20] Nowadays, policy-makers get more information about public opinion through voluntary organizations than through political parties

[q1_21] Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being

[q1_22] Low appreciation of politics is politicians' and political parties' fault, not the media's

[q1_23] In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent

[q1_24] Migration to growth areas should be curbed even if it required costly regional support measures

[q1_25] Economic and industrial activities are unduly constricted on the grounds of nature conservation

[q1_26] Instead of declining areas, Finland should support growing city centres, which function as promoters of employment and growth

[q1_27] Nowadays in Finland, it is far too easy to take early retirement

[q1_28] Finland suffers from a worrying trend of ownership concentration

[q1_29] Finns should effectively protect their unique culture from the ever increasing internationalisation

[q1_30] Extreme right parties, which have been gaining ground in other European countries, will also emerge in Finland

[q1_31] People used to be happier than they are now

[q1_32] By aiming at continuous economic growth mankind will slowly destroy the environment and eventually itself

[q1_33] Finnish media has too strong an influence on public opinion

[q1_34] In five years, many things will be better in Finland than they are now

[q1_35] It makes no difference which parties will be in the government after the next elections, politics will not change

[q1_36] Finland should join NATO

[q1_37] Reducing unemployment requires fundamental structural changes in Finnish working life and conflicts with trade unions

[q1_38] All Finnish public enterprises should gradually be privatised

[q1_39] I am interested in politics and follow it actively

[q1_40] Competitiviness of our export industry is vital to employment and through it to general welfare in Finland

[q1_41] Ethics of politics are unnecessarily criticised, because most of the politicians are honest and conscientious people

[q1_42] Economic and social inequality between different population groups has ingrown too much

[q1_43] Nowadays, Finnish industry and commerce act responsibly in environmental matters

[q1_44] It is always worth voting, even though ordinary citizens cannot influence politics

[q1_45] People work so hard and under such pressure in Finnish workplaces that many will suffer early burn-out

[q1_46] Recent difficulties with Russia pertaining to the Finns' exemption from visa, and long-distance lorry traffic prove there are problems between our countries

[q1_47] Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces and selfish profit seeking

[q1_48] Finnish political scene needs an outspoken populist party which would shake up old parties

[q1_49] Even though the safety net comprised of public services is important, private business is the driving force of welfare in society

[q1_50] The so-called globalisation development of the international economy will lead to increasing global welfare

[q1_51] It is so costly and risky to be an entrepreneur in Finland that one would be crazy to leave secure paid work to become an entrepreneur

[q1_52] To cope with labour shortage of the next decade (as baby boomers begin to retire), Finland should take in more foreign workers

[q1_53] Globalisation means that Finland will lose an increasing amount of jobs to so-called cheap labour countries

[q1_54] If Finland is to accept more foreign workers, they should be chosen according to national interest

[q1_55] The USA acts correctly in world politics and deserves the support of the Finns

[q1_56] Even though Finland is strongly attached to western cooperation, our eastern neighbour is more important financially and politically

[q1_57] Things would change for the better relatively fast, if only the right parties and politicians would get into power

[q1_58] It would be good, if the party system in Finland developed towards a two-party system

[q1_59] Even though the IT bubble has burst, Finland will retain its position as a leading country in technology and base its welfare on it

[q1_60] Most of our public services should be privatized to improve efficiency

[q1_61] Increasingly, I feel European, in addition to being Finnish

[q1_62] Finnish people's wariness towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism

[q1_63] Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values

[q1_64] Democracy functions so well in Finland that there are no grounds for talking about citizens' lack of influence

[q1_65] Nowadays, market economy in Finland functions for the benefit of all citizens

[q1_66] Even though good social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare state is always good value for money

[q2_1] Government actions should be emphasised on: Improvement of employment/reduction of unemployment

[q2_2] Government actions should be emphasised on: National economy, prudent management of finances

[q2_3] Government actions should be emphasised on: Reduction of the national debt

[q2_4] Government actions should be emphasised on: Privatisation of public enterprises, selling shares to investors

[q2_5] Government actions should be emphasised on: Reduction of taxation

[q2_6] Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing poverty and social exclusion

[q2_7] Government actions should be emphasised on: Developing social security in general

[q2_8] Government actions should be emphasised on: Promotion of NATO membership

[q2_9] Government actions should be emphasised on: Improvement of health care services, securing access to health care

[q2_10] Government actions should be emphasised on: Developing and investing in education

[q2_11] Government actions should be emphasised on: Environmental conservation

[q2_12] Government actions should be emphasised on: Position of employees, development of working life

[q2_13] Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting and strengthening business activity and conditions

[q2_14] Government actions should be emphasised on: Increasing labour market flexibility

[q2_15] Government actions should be emphasised on: Preventing the misuse of social security benefits

[q2_16] Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing the problems of growth centres

[q2_17] Government actions should be emphasised on: Reducing the problems of rural and remote areas

[q2_18] Government actions should be emphasised on: Combatting crime

[q2_19] Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting immigration into Finland

[q2_20] Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting economic competition

[q2_21] Government actions should be emphasised on: EU issues, increased activity in developing the Union

[q2_22] Government actions should be emphasised on: Regulating and controlling business

[q2_23] Government actions should be emphasised on: Securing the economy and services of municipalities

[q2_24] Government actions should be emphasised on: Development cooperation, helping developing countries

[q2_25] Government actions should be emphasised on: Promoting gender equality

[q3_1] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Trade unions

[q3_2] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Parliament

[q3_3] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: European Union

[q3_4] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Government

[q3_5] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Church

[q3_6] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Local authorities

[q3_7] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Environmentalists

[q3_8] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: So called market forces

[q3_9] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Judiciary

[q3_10] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Banks

[q3_11] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Family

[q3_12] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Police

[q3_13] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Political parties

[q3_14] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Defence forces

[q3_15] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Big corporations

[q3_16] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: President of the Republic

[q3_17] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Media

[q3_18] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Employers' organisations

[q3_19] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Officials

[q3_20] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Private citizens

[q3_21] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Voluntary organisations

[q3_22] Assessement of the amount of influence in society: Universities and colleges

[q4_1] Taxation in Finland is too severe

[q4_2] If income taxes were lowered, employment would improve

[q4_3] Lowering taxes would threaten the financing of necessary welfare services

[q4_4] High income taxation forces many skilled people to move out of Finland

[q4_5] If a highly paid person moves abroad to earn more money, so be it

[q4_6] Unless income taxation is lowered, big corporations will move their head offices abroad

[q4_7] Taxation in Finland is reasonable considering the social security it provides

[q4_8] Taxation is aimed at different sources of income (e.g. wages, capital income) fairly enough

[q4_9] At different income levels, income taxation (progressive taxation) is fair nowadays

[q4_10] Corporate taxation is too high in Finland

[q4_11] Capital income taxation is too high in Finland

[q4_12] Income tax (inc. pension) is too high in Finland

[q4_13] Lower taxes would motivate people to work and become entrepreneurs

[q4_14] Safety and public services of Finnish society are good value for the taxpayers' money

[q4_15] Taxation reduces income disparities between different population groups too much

[q4_16] Nowadays, tax evasion and black economy are very common and large-scale in Finland

[q4_17] Tax evasion is a serious crime, punishments for it should be more severe

[q4_18] Finland's total tax ratio should be lowered to the average level of the EU countries

[q4_19] Greater efficiency would guarantee good public services with lighter taxation

[q4_20] High tax burden is part of the Nordic welfare society, therefore it has to be accepted

[q4_21] If taxes were lowered, Finns could afford to pay for services which are free now

[q4_22] Labour taxation should be lowered and the tax burden on consumption increased

[q4_23] Tax cuts increase business activities and employment, which would increase total tax revenue

[q4_24] Taxation should not be lowered if it leads to the weakening of social security and public services

[q4_25] I pay unfairly high taxes

[q4_26] By paying taxes I'm of use to society and bear my responsibility for its development

[q4_27] Reform of our tax system is politically impossible

[q5] How would you characterise yourself as a voter?

[q6_1] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Professional and competent

[q6_2] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Has improved during recent years

[q6_3] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Uncorrupted

[q6_4] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Too unanimous, parties are too similar

[q6_5] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Has become too professional, for too many politicians only a way to earn a living

[q6_6] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Responds to the needs and wishes of oridnary citizens

[q6_7] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Has no clear ideological policies, concentrates merely on day-to-day politics

[q6_8] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Power is concentrated in the hands of the few

[q6_9] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Compared internationally high-grade and objective

[q6_10] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Strengthens faith in representative democracy

[q6_11] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Happens too much in cabinets, away from the control of citizens

[q6_12] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Panders too much to economy and big business

[q6_13] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Panders too much to the media

[q6_14] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Panders too much to authorities

[q6_15] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Panders too much to interest groups (e.g. trade unions)

[q6_16] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Panders too much to the EU

[q6_17] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Uncooperative, is all about tactics and arguing

[q6_18] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Better than given credit for, responsible and dedicated work

[q6_19] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Open and transparent

[q6_20] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Unchangeable, always the same regardless of those who are in power

[q6_21] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Personified too much at the expense of factual issues

[q6_22] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Self-sacrificing work for the common good

[q6_23] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Ineffective, resulting in watered down copromises

[q6_24] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Populist, merely currying favour with voters

[q6_25] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Self-seeking rather than public-spirited

[q6_26] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Interesting, activates people to participate

[q6_27] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Has become more complicated and difficult to follow

[q6_28] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Rotten to the core, forbidding

[q6_29] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Needs totally new actors who would respect the wishes of the citizens

[q6_30] Corresponds with your views on Finnish politics: Despite its problems necessary and the only way to run things

[q7_a] What is your attitude to Finland's membership in the EU?

[q7_b] What is your attitude to the Euro replacing the Finnish mark at the beginning of 2002?

[q7_c] What is your attitude to EU's enlargement to Eastern and Western Europe, and the Baltic countries?

[bv1] Respondent's sex

[bv2] Respondent's age group

[bv3] Size of the respondent's municipality of residence

[bv4] Respondent's dwelling area

[bv5] Respondent's basic education

[bv6] Respondent's vocational education

[bv7] Respondent's employment sector

[bv8] Respondent's province of residence

[bv9] Respondent's occupational group

[bv10] Respondent's federation of trade unions membership

[bv11] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for?

[bv12] Respondent's social class

[bv13] Questionnaire's language