Study title

ISSP 2004: Citizenship: Finnish Data

Dataset ID Number

FSD2039

Persistent identifiers

https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2039
https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd2039

Data Type

Quantitative

Authors

• International Social Survey Programme (ISSP)
• Blom, Raimo (University of Tampere. Department of Sociology and Social Psychology)
• Melin, Harri (University of Turku. Department of Sociology)
• Tanskanen, Eero (Statistics Finland)

Other Identification/Acknowledgements

• Borg, Sami (University of Tampere. Finnish Social Science Data Archive)
• Nieminen, Markku (Statistics Finland)

Abstract

The survey covers citizen participation, and attitudes towards participation in Finland. Opinions as to what it takes to be a good citizen (e.g. always obey laws, never evade taxes, willingness to serve in the military) were charted. Respondents were asked whether religious extremists, people who want to overthrow the government or people prejudiced against any racial or ethnic group should be allowed to hold public meetings. A set of questions charted respondents' political and social participation, for example, taking part in a demonstration or expressing views in the media. Membership and level of activity in different kinds of groups or associations (e.g. political parties, church, voluntary associations) were investigated.

One theme covered people's rights in a democracy: respondents were asked to rate the importance of all citizens having adequate standard of living, of being allowed to participate in decision-making, or that authorities respect the rights of minorities etc. Political efficacy was studied by asking whether the government cares what respondents think. The degree to which respondents understand political issues was queried. Further questions explored citizen influence on legislature, respondents' interest in politics, and trust in other people.

The survey also investigated opinions on international issues, like whether the UN has too much or too little power, and which bodies should be involved in the decision-making in international organizations. Respondents were also asked whether the UN should intervene if a country violates human rights. Opinions of Finnish politics were studied by asking about political parties, referendums, how honest the counting and reporting of votes had been in the last national elections, and how fair the campaign opportunities of the candidates and parties. Opinions on the degree of commitment and corruption in the Finnish public service were examined. Some questions focused on the functioning of democracy in Finland at the moment, 10 years ago and 10 years from now. Views were probed on whether the government should restrict democratic rights under any circumstances. Frequency of following political news/content in different media was studied, likewise respect and tolerance towards other people.

Background variables included respondent's gender, year of birth, marital status, education, occupation, employment status, weekly working hours, trade union membership, employer sector, industry of employment, social class, personal and household income, household composition, type of community, region, and spouse's education, occupation, weekly working hours, employer sector and industry of employment.

Keywords

attitudes; citizen participation; corruption; democracy; international cooperation; political influence; political interest; political participation; public administration; voluntary organizations

Topic Classification

• Social sciences (Fields of Science Classification)
• International politics and organisations (CESSDA Topic Classification)
• Political behaviour and attitudes (CESSDA Topic Classification)

Series

ISSP (International Social Survey Programme)

Distributor

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Access

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

Data Collector

• Statistics Finland

Data Producers

• University of Tampere. Department of Sociology and Social Psychology
• Statistics Finland
• Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Time Period Covered

2004

Collection Dates

2004-09-08 – 2004-11-15

Nation

Finland

Geographical Coverage

Finland

Analysis/Observation Unit Type

Individual

Universe

People aged 15-74 resident in Finland

Time Method

Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section

Data Sources

Province code and mother tongue variables are based on register information.

Sampling Procedure

Probability: Systematic random

Systematic random sampling from Finland's population register. Sorting order: municipal code and year of birth.

The sample size was 2,500 persons, of whom 94.5% were Finnish-speaking and 5.5% Swedish-speaking. Nine persons lived abroad or their address was unknown. The questionnaire was thus sent to 2,491 persons. The number of returned questionnaires was 1,354. Non-response was 1,137 persons, of whom 9 refused and 1,128 did not participate for other reasons.

Collection Mode

Self-administered questionnaire: Paper

Research Instrument

Structured questionnaire

Response Rate

54.4

Data File Language

Downloaded data package may contain different language versions of the same files.

The data files of this dataset are available in the following languages: Finnish.

FSD translates quantitative data into English on request, free of charge. More information on ordering data translation.

Data Version

3.0

Related Datasets

FSD2998 ISSP 2014: Citizenship II: Finnish Data

Weighting

The data contain two weight variables, which were created using a calibration method in order to improve estimation efficiency and to correct non-response bias. The weights are based on the following population distributions: 1) gender, 2) age groups (15-24, 25-34, ..., 65-74), 3) NUTS3 areas so that Greater Helsinki area was treated separately, and 4) municipality type (urban, semi-urban, rural). The first weight variable (paino_1) weights the results to match the whole Finnish population (the sum of the weights equals to the size of the Finnish population). The second weight variable (paino_2) does not produce this kind of extension (the weighted mean is 1 and the sum equals to the number of cases). Both variables are based on the same calibration process, only the scale is different.

Citation Requirement

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Bibliographical Citation

International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) & Blom, Raimo (University of Tampere) & Melin, Harri (University of Turku) & Tanskanen, Eero (Statistics Finland): ISSP 2004: Citizenship: Finnish Data [dataset]. Version 3.0 (2018-07-17). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2039

Deposit Requirement

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Disclaimer

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Other Material

See downloadable files at the top of the page.

ZA3950: International Social Survey Programme: Citizenship - ISSP 2004 data and further information in English available at GESIS pages.

Related Materials

The classification of occupations used in the data set: ISCO-88 (COM) - the European Union variant of ISCO-88

Related Publications

Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (2006). Toim. Sami Borg. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1.

Wiberg, Matti (2006). Politiikka Suomessa. Helsinki: WSOY.

Siisiäinen, Martti (2009). Differentia Specifica of Voluntary Organizing in Finland. - In: Civic Mind and Good Citizenship. Comparative Perspectives (ed. Annamari Konttinen), 87-113. Tampere: Tampere University Press.

Oinonen, Eriikka & Blom, Raimo & Melin, Harri (2005). Onni on olla suomalainen? Kansallinen identiteetti ja kansalaisuus. Tampere: Yhteiskuntatieteellinen tietoarkisto. Yhteiskuntatieteellisen tietoarkiston julkaisuja; 1.

Melin, Harri (2009). Civic Mind and the Legitimacy of Finnish Democracy. - In: Civic Mind and Good Citizenship. Comparative Perspectives (ed. Annamari Konttinen), 57-86. Tampere: Tampere University Press.

Lagerspetz, Mikko (2009).Still Citizen vs. State? Post-Communist Prospects for Democracy in Europe. - In: Civic Mind and Good Citizenship. Comparative Perspectives (ed. Annamari Konttinen), 147-168. Tampere: Tampere University Press.

Kouvo, Antti (2009). Missing Link between Trust and Participation? A country comparison. - In: Civic Mind and Good Citizenship. Comparative Perspectives (ed. Annamari Konttinen), 114-127. Tampere: Tampere University Press.

Kouvo, Antti (2011). Järjestöt sateentekijöinä. Suomalainen järjestöaktiivisuus luottamuksen lähteenä. Teoksessa Hyvien ihmisten maa: auttaminen kilpailukyky-yhteiskunnassa (toim. Pessi, Anne Birgitta & Saari, Juho), 211-228. Helsinki: Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulu. A Tutkimuksia; 31.

Konttinen, Annamari & Kouvo, Antti (2009). Political Orientations and Active Citizenship in Finland. - In: Civic Mind and Good Citizenship. Comparative Perspectives (ed. Annamari Konttinen), 28-56. Tampere: Tampere University Press.

Konttinen, Annamari (2009). The Idea of Citizenship in a Globalized World. - In: Civic Mind and Good Citizenship. Comparative Perspectives (ed. Annamari Konttinen), 9-27. Tampere: Tampere University Press.

Kankainen, Tomi (2007). Yhdistykset, instituutiot ja luottamus. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylän yliopisto. Jyväskylä Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research; 326.

Kankainen, Tomi (2009). Voluntary associations and trust in Finland. Research on Finnish Society 2 (2009), 5-17 [verkkodokumentti]. http://www.finnresearch.fi/4_kankainen_2009.pdf [viitattu 10.6.2009]

Borg, Sami (2006). Käsitykset kansalaisuudesta ja omista vaikuttamismahdollisuuksista. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), 115-127. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1.

Blom, Raimo & Konttinen, Annamari (2009). Conclusions: EU as a Political Entity? Citizenship and Participation in EU countries. - In: Civic Mind and Good Citizenship. Comparative Perspectives (ed. Annamari Konttinen), 169-189. Tampere: Tampere University Press.

Blom, Raimo (2009). Divergent Citizenship. In: Civic Mind and Good Citizenship. Comparative Perspectives (ed. Annamari Konttinen), 128-146. Tampere: Tampere University Press.

Dalton Russell J., 2017, The Participation Gap. Social Status and Political Inequality. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Font Joan, Della Porta Donatella and Sintomen Yves (eds.), 2014, Participatory Democracy in Southern Europe. Rowman and Littlefield, London.

Wauters, Bram. 2018. Which party members participate in direct political action? A cross-national analysis. International Political Science Review 39(2): 225-41.

Nicolas Somma; Matias Bargsted 2018. Political inequality in 38 countries: A distributional approach. Comparative Sociology 17(5): 26.

Katalin Füzér, Ákos Huszár, Ákos Bodor, Lajos Bálint & Attila Pirmajer (2020) Social capitals, social class, and prosperity in high-trust and low-trust societies, International Journal of Sociology, 50:1, 48-67, DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2019.1684081

Choi, G. 2019. Revisiting the redistribution hypothesis with perceived inequality and redistributive preferences. European Journal of Political Economy.

Witschge, Jacqueline, and Herman G. Van De Werfhorst. 2019. Curricular tracking and civic and political engagement: Comparing adolescents and young adults across education systems. Acta Sociologica 63:3, 284-302. doi: 10.1177/0001699318818650.

Tyrowicz, Joanna, and Magdalena Smyk. 2019. Wage Inequality and Structural Change. Social Indicators Research 141(2): 503-538.

Ruderman, Nicholas Maxwell, 2017. Political-Financial Scandal, Political Disaffection, and the Dynamics of Political Action. (PhD), Political Science, University of Toronto.

Goubin, Silke (2020). Economic inequality, perceived responsiveness and political trust. Acta Polit 55, 267-304. DOI: 10.1057/s41269-018-0115-z

Mayne, Quinton and Geisel, Brigitte 2018. Don't Good Democracies Need 'Good' Citizens? Citizen Dispositions and the Study of Democratic Quality. Politics and Governance 6(1): 14.

Dixon, Jeffrey C., Destinee B. Mccollum, and Andrew S. Fullerton. 2018. Who Is a Part-Time Worker Around the World and Why Does It Matter? Examining the Quality of Employment Measures and Workers' Perceived Job Quality. Sociological Spectrum 38(1): 1-23.

Kolczynska, Marta (2019): Micro- and Macro-level Determinants of Participation in Demonstrations: An Analysis of Crossnational Survey Data Harmonized Ex-post. In: methods, data, analyses: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.12758/mda.2019.07.

Biolcati, Ferruccio; Molteni, Francesco; Quandt, Markus & Vezzoni, Cristiano (2020): Church Attendance and Religious change Pooled European dataset (CARPE): a survey harmonization project for the comparative analysis of long-term trends in individual religiosity. Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, 1-25. DOI: 10.1007/s11135-020-01048-9.

Engler, Sarah and Weisstanner, David. 2021.The threat of social decline: income inequality and radical right support. Journal of European Public Policy 28:2, 153-173. doi: 10.1080/13501763.2020.1733636.

Sadowski, I. 2009. The Contextuality of the Concept of Civil Society-from Particular Meanings to the Common Vector of Emancipation. Polish Sociological Review (165):63-80.

Dalton, Russell J. 2021. Political Action, Protest, and the Functioning of Democratic Governance. American Behavioral Scientist Online first:1-18. doi: 10.1177/00027642211021624

Valgarosson, Viktor Orri & Devine, Daniel (2021): What satisfaction with democracy? A global analysis of "satisfaction with democracy" measures. In: Political Research Quarterly: 1-25. doi: 10.1177/10659129211009605.

Biolcati, Ferruccio; Molteni, Francesco; Quandt, Markus and Vezzoni, Cristiano (2022): "Church Attendance and Religious change Pooled European dataset (CARPE): a survey harmonization project for the comparative analysis of long-term trends in individual religiosity." In: Quality and Quantity 56 (3): 1729-1753. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135020-01048-9.

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Kołczyńska, Marta; Jabkowski, Piotr and Eckman, Stephanie (2023) Interviewer Involvement in Respondent Selection Moderates the Relationship between Response Rates and Sample Bias in Cross-National Survey Projects in Europe. In: Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smad013

Jennifer Oser, Fernando Feitosa, Ruth Dassonneville. (2023) Who Feels They Can Understand and Have an Impact on Political Processes? Socio-Demographic Correlates of Political Efficacy in 46 Countries, 1996-2016. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 35(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edad013.