Select variable

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[q1_1] No party promotes issues that are important to me

[q1_2] In future, science and technology will be able to solve most present-day problems

[q1_3] EMU membership has been an asset to Finland's development

[q1_4] Nowadays in Finland, men and women are equal enough

[q1_5] Improving economic welfare to a yet higher level will increase psychological distress

[q1_6] If women could participate and influence corporate decision-making more it would benefit the whole society

[q1_7] It is a privilege to be a Finn

[q1_8] Climate change is the biggest threat of our time. In order to prevent it, every country must take immediate and effective measures

[q1_9] Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens

[q1_10] Finland's aging and diminishing population means that Finland needs to make immigration easier

[q1_11] If in the future people retire at an older age, average annual working time should be reduced

[q1_12] Belief in a better future is more important in terms of happiness than prevailing good living conditions

[q1_13] I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollution and environmental problems

[q1_14] I am so attached to my own region of residence that I would not move anywhere else

[q1_15] If Finns had more a positive attitude to entrepreneurship, the whole society would benefit

[q1_16] Finnish educational system is so theoretically oriented that soon there will be lack of skilled workers

[q1_17] If employees could participate and influence corporate decision-making more, the whole society would benefit

[q1_18] If more foreigners worked in Finland, our country would benefit from the useful international influences they bring

[q1_19] A sixth nuclear power station should be built in Finland

[q1_20] Nowadays, policy-makers get more information about public opinion through voluntary organizations than through political parties

[q1_21] Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being

[q1_22] In the future, Finland's pension systems will become insolvent and 'already earnt' pensions cannot be paid

[q1_23] In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent

[q1_24] Migration to growth areas should be curbed even if it required costly regional support measures

[q1_25] Economic and industrial activities are unduly constricted on the grounds of nature conservation

[q1_26] Instead of declining areas, Finland should support growing city centres, which function as promoters of employment and growth

[q1_27] Nowaways, the Finnish trade union movement more often slows down social development instead of promoting it

[q1_28] Finland suffers from a worrying trend of ownership concentration

[q1_29] Finns should effectively protect their unique culture from the ever increasing internationalisation

[q1_30] If Finland cannot introduce more rapid reforms, we will be facing a socio-economic crisis in a few years

[q1_31] People used to be happier than they are now

[q1_32] By aiming at continuous economic growth mankind will slowly destroy the environment and eventually itself

[q1_33] Finnish media has too strong an influence on public opinion

[q1_34] In five years, many things will be better in Finland than they are now

[q1_35] Employers talk about a coming crisis and the inevitable changes but this is only propaganda which aims at persuading employees to succumb to cuts in their benefits

[q1_36] Finland should join NATO

[q1_37] Reducing unemployment requires fundamental structural changes in Finnish working life and conflicts with trade unions

[q1_38] Preconditions for domestic ownership of Finnish corporations should be improved

[q1_39] I am interested in politics and follow it actively

[q1_40] Competitiviness of our export industry is vital to employment and through it to general welfare in Finland

[q1_41] Powers of the president have been reduced so much that it makes no difference who the president is

[q1_42] Mergers between Finnish and Swedish large corporations is the right way to improve the competitive position of our companies

[q1_43] Nowadays, Finnish industry and commerce act responsibly in environmental matters

[q1_44] Increasing immigration would lead to an disadvantageous racial mixing and would weaken our national vitality

[q1_45] People work so hard and under such pressure in Finnish workplaces that many will suffer early burn-out

[q1_46] The offer, included in the pension reform, of a higher pension for those who work beyond the age of 63 does not interest me

[q1_47] Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces and selfish profit seeking

[q1_48] The small proportion of women in leading positions in working life is due to the fact that women are not as ambitious as men

[q1_49] Finland should participate in international tax competition more, and lower income, corporation and capital taxes considerably

[q1_50] The so-called globalisation development of the international economy will lead to increasing global welfare

[q1_51] It is so costly and risky to be an entrepreneur in Finland that one would be crazy to leave secure paid work to become an entrepreneur

[q1_52] Globalisation means that Finland will lose an increasing amount of jobs to so-called cheap labour countries

[q1_53] Increased dissatisfaction and criticism among Finns do not stem from worsened conditions, but from a higher level of standards

[q1_54] USA acts correctly in world politics and deserves the support of the Finns

[q1_55] Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have no reason to take a negative attitude to this big neighbour

[q1_56] The so-called 'China phenomenon' is not a big threat to Finland, because by investing in cheap labour countries Finnish corporations strengthen the position of units located in Finland

[q1_57] Even though the recent redundancies have aroused public condemnation, they have been necessary financially

[q1_58] Finnish foreign policy has been managed well during the term of the present government

[q1_59] Most of our public services should be privatized to improve efficiency

[q1_60] Increasingly, I feel European, in addition to being Finnish

[q1_61] Finnish people's wariness towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism

[q1_62] Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values

[q1_63] Democracy functions so well in Finland that there are no grounds for talking about citizens' lack of influence

[q1_64] Nowadays, market economy in Finland functions for the benefit of all citizens

[q1_65] Even though good social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare state is always good value for money

[q2_1] Views on entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship provides a good chance of becoming wealthy

[q2_2] Views on entrepreneurship: Entrepreneur's life is independent and free

[q2_3] Views on entrepreneurship: Entrepreneur's work is interesting and rewarding

[q2_4] Views on entrepreneurship: I personally feel tempted to become an entrepreneur

[q2_5] Views on entrepreneurship: I have never given serious consideration to becoming an entrepreneur

[q2_6] Views on entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurs have to work really long hours without taking holidays

[q2_7] Views on entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship involves too big financial risks

[q2_8] Views on entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurs do not have more freedom than employees, bosses are just replaced by customers

[q2_9] Views on entrepreneurship: Bureaucracy involved in entrepreneurship is a considerable obstacle to becoming an entrepreneur

[q2_10] Views on entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurs are financially unprotected and without social security

[q2_11] Views on entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship can easily take up all your life, there is no time left for family or anything else

[q2_12] Views on entrepreneurship: Being an entrepreneur is the best way to express yourself and use all your skills

[q2_13] Views on entrepreneurship: Taxes and other statutory payments are unreasonably high for entrepreneurs

[q2_14] Views on entrepreneurship: Demands made by trade unions make entrepreneurship too difficult

[q2_15] Views on entrepreneurship: The success of many entrepreneurs is based on deceit, such as tax evasion or circumvention of the law

[q2_16] Views on entrepreneurship: Too often people become entrepreneurs on flimsy grounds and have unrealistic expectations

[q2_17] Views on entrepreneurship: Finns should be encouraged to set up new businesses, for employment reasons alone

[q2_18] Views on entrepreneurship: Even though some entrepreneurs are swindlers, most entrepreneurs are responsible and hard-working

[q2_19] Views on entrepreneurship: Being a succesful entrepreneur requires skills most people do not have

[q2_20] Views on entrepreneurship: Finnish economy badly needs a greater number of new small businesses

[q2_21] Views on entrepreneurship: New jobs are mainly created in small and medium-sized businesses

[q2_22] Views on entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurs are favoured too much in Finnish society

[q2_23] Views on entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurs' freedom of action is restricted too much in Finland

[q2_24] Views on entrepreneurship: Many entrepreneurs do not do much themselves, they just live on other people's work

[q2_25] Views on entrepreneurship: In today's Finland small entrepreneurs have often smaller income than employees

[q3_1a] Respondent desires Finnish business managers to have following leadership qualities: Firm, determined, strong-minded

[q3_2a] Respondent desires Finnish business managers to have following leadership qualities: Flexibile, emollient, cautious

[q3_3a] Respondent desires Finnish business managers to have following leadership qualities: Publicity, telling openly about his/her thoughts and actions

[q3_4a] Respondent desires Finnish business managers to have following leadership qualities: Democratic, gives weight to other people's opinions

[q3_5a] Respondent desires Finnish business managers to have following leadership qualities: Autonomous, makes decisions independently when necessary

[q3_6a] Respondent desires Finnish business managers to have following leadership qualities: Humane, sociable

[q3_7a] Respondent desires Finnish business managers to have following leadership qualities: Broad-minded, perceives the society as a whole

[q3_8a] Respondent desires Finnish business managers to have following leadership qualities: Elegant appearance, stylish, good ability as a public performer

[q3_9a] Respondent desires Finnish business managers to have following leadership qualities: International, heavily orientated towards global matters

[q3_10a] Respondent desires Finnish business managers to have following leadership qualities: Daring reformer, ready to make profound changes

[q3_11a] Respondent desires Finnish business managers to have following leadership qualities: Has morally high goals and methods

[q3_12a] Respondent desires Finnish business managers to have following leadership qualities: Puts the interests of his/her organisation ahead of everything else if necessary

[q3_13a] Respondent desires Finnish business managers to have following leadership qualities: Can't say

[q3_1b] Respondent desires Finnish political leaders to have following leadership qualities: Firm, determined, strong-minded

[q3_2b] Respondent desires Finnish political leaders to have following leadership qualities: Flexibile, emollient, cautious

[q3_3b] Respondent desires Finnish political leaders to have following leadership qualities: Publicity, telling openly about his/her thoughts and actions

[q3_4b] Respondent desires Finnish political leaders to have following leadership qualities: Democratic, gives weight to other people's opinions

[q3_5b] Respondent desires Finnish political leaders to have following leadership qualities: Autonomous, makes decisions independently when necessary

[q3_6b] Respondent desires Finnish political leaders to have following leadership qualities: Humane, sociable

[q3_7b] Respondent desires Finnish political leaders to have following leadership qualities: Broad-minded, perceives the society as a whole

[q3_8b] Respondent desires Finnish political leaders to have following leadership qualities: Elegant appearance, stylish, good ability as a public performer

[q3_9b] Respondent desires Finnish political leaders to have following leadership qualities: International, heavily orientated towards global matters

[q3_10b] Respondent desires Finnish political leaders to have following leadership qualities: Daring reformer, ready to make profound changes

[q3_11b] Respondent desires Finnish political leaders to have following leadership qualities: Has morally high goals and methods

[q3_12b] Respondent desires Finnish political leaders to have following leadership qualities: Puts the interests of his/her organisation ahead of everything else if necessary

[q3_13b] Respondent desires Finnish political leaders to have following leadership qualities: Can't say

[q4_1] Importance of various factors in leading a happy life: Family life, good family relationships

[q4_2] Importance of various factors in leading a happy life: Good friendships and relationships in general

[q4_3] Importance of various factors in leading a happy life: Experiences of love, to love and feel loved

[q4_4] Importance of various factors in leading a happy life: Secure basic income

[q4_5] Importance of various factors in leading a happy life: Good income, wealth, high standard of living

[q4_6] Importance of various factors in leading a happy life: Good health

[q4_7] Importance of various factors in leading a happy life: Interesting job, nice workplace

[q4_8] Importance of various factors in leading a happy life: Permanent and secure employment contract

[q4_9] Importance of various factors in leading a happy life: Learning and experiencing new things, self-improvement

[q4_10] Importance of various factors in leading a happy life: Free time, interesting hobbies

[q4_11] Importance of various factors in leading a happy life: Good status, social respect

[q4_12] Importance of various factors in leading a happy life: Social participation, possibility to influence

[q4_13] Importance of various factors in leading a happy life: Spirituality, relationship to God

[q4_14] Importance of various factors in leading a happy life: Relationship to nature, enjoying nature

[q5] How happy do you perceive your life to be at present?

[q6] How would you describe your household's income/present financial situation

[q7_1] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Level of education in Finland

[q7_2] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Age structure of Finnish population (compared to other countries)

[q7_3] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: (Internationally small) number of immigrants/foreigners

[q7_4] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Geographical location of Finland

[q7_5] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: The ratio between people in the labour force and the rest of the population (i.e. economic dependency ratio)

[q7_6] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Average retirement age (at present approximately 59)

[q7_7] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Productivity and efficiency of work

[q7_8] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Professional skills and know-how of employees

[q7_9] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Professional skills and know-how of business managers

[q7_10] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Level of income tax

[q7_11] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Level of corporation tax

[q7_12] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Quality of technology

[q7_13] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Quality of scientific research in general

[q7_14] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Functionality of the political decision-making system

[q7_15] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Size of the public sector compared to the private sector

[q7_16] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Functionality and efficiency of the public sector

[q7_17] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Functionality and efficiency of the education system

[q7_18] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: National unity and consensus

[q7_19] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Stability of social conditions

[q7_20] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: EU and EMU memberships

[q7_21] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Even distribution of income, strive to achieve social equality

[q7_22] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: The so-called Nordic model of welfare society in general

[q7_23] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Labour market system, its structures and functionality

[q7_24] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Attitudes to entrepreneurship, Finns' willingness to set up new businesses

[q7_25] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Enterprising and hard-working nature of the Finns

[q7_26] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Abilities of companies to become international and act in global markets

[q7_27] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: General willingness and gumption to make reforms and introduce changes

[q7_28] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Creativity, innovativeness, ability to invent and develop new things

[q7_29] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: Finnish culture and its originality

[q7_30] Finland's weak/strong points in global competition: National spirit, self-confidence and identity

[q8_a] What is your attitude to Finland's EU membership nowadays?

[q8_b] What is your attitude to the replacement of the Finnish currency with euro at the beginning of 2002?

[q8_c] What is your attitude to EU's enlargement to Eastern and Central Europe and the Baltic States?

[bv1] Respondent's gender

[bv2] Respondent's age group

[bv3] Size of municipality of residence

[bv4] Respondent's location of residence - Municipality type

[bv5] Respondent's basic education

[bv6] Respondent's vocational education

[bv7] Respondent's industry of employment

[bv8] Respondent's location of residence - County

[bv9] Respondent's occupational group

[bv10] Respondent's federation of trade unions membership

[bv11] If parliamentary elections were held now, which political party would you vote for?

[bv12] Self-designated social class

[bv13] Questionnaire language