Select variable

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_pro] FSD processing level

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[q1_1] How interested are you in: Culture and the arts

[q1_2] How interested are you in: Sports

[q1_3] How interested are you in: Entertainment

[q1_4] How interested are you in: Economics, business, stock exchange

[q1_5] How interested are you in: Science, research, technology

[q1_6] How interested are you in: Nature and the environment

[q1_7] How interested are you in: Politics

[q1_8] How interested are you in: Social affairs in general

[q2_1] How interested are you in: The development of science in general, new research findings and inventions

[q2_2] How interested are you in: Advances in medicine (new drugs, therapies, etc.)

[q2_3] How interested are you in: Computers, the Internet, and IT innovations

[q2_4] How interested are you in: Research on the state of the environment

[q2_5] How interested are you in: Genetics and biotechnology

[q2_6] How interested are you in: Space research

[q2_7] How interested are you in: History and culture research

[q2_8] How interested are you in: The funding of research, education and science policy

[q2_9] How interested are you in: The international status/success of Finnish science

[q3_1] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Newspapers

[q3_2] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Television and radio

[q3_3] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Popular magazines

[q3_4] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Popular science magazines (e.g. Tiede)

[q3_5] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Popular scientific literature, professional literature

[q3_6] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Scientific publications, scientific literature

[q3_7] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: The Internet, data networks

[q3_8] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Public events, seminars, lectures

[q3_9] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Own work and/or education

[q4a] If you had to mention one currently active and significant scientist, who would it be? (Open-ended question)

[q4b] If also the scientists who are no longer active were included, who would you mention? (Open-ended question)

[q5] If you had to mention one example of Finnish scientific achievement or invention, what would it be? (Open-ended question)

[q6_1] How much do you trust the following institutions: Parliament

[q6_2] How much do you trust the following institutions: Church

[q6_3] How much do you trust the following institutions: Judicial system, law courts

[q6_4] How much do you trust the following institutions: Trade unions

[q6_5] How much do you trust the following institutions: Political parties

[q6_6] How much do you trust the following institutions: The European Union (EU)

[q6_7] How much do you trust the following institutions: The media

[q6_8] How much do you trust the following institutions: Civic organisations

[q6_9] How much do you trust the following institutions: Police

[q6_10] How much do you trust the following institutions: Defence forces

[q6_11] How much do you trust the following institutions: Large companies

[q6_12] How much do you trust the following institutions: Nokia Group

[q6_13] How much do you trust the following institutions: Science and research, the scientific community (in general)

[q6_14] How much do you trust the following institutions: Universities

[q6_15] How much do you trust the following institutions: Polytechnics/universities of applied sciences

[q6_16] How much do you trust the following institutions: The Academy of Finland

[q6_17] How much do you trust the following institutions: Tekes (The Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation)

[q6_18] How much do you trust the following institutions: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

[q6_19] How much do you trust the following institutions: Sitra (The Finnish Innovation Fund)

[q6_20] How much do you trust the following institutions: Finnish Cultural Foundation

[q7_1] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The general quality and standards of Finnish science and research

[q7_2] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The standard of technology

[q7_3] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The standard of medicine

[q7_4] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The standards of Finnish science by international comparison

[q7_5] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: Recent developments in Finnish research

[q7_6] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The independence and impartiality of research

[q7_7] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The ethics and morals of science/researchers

[q7_8] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The adequacy of research funding

[q7_9] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The direction of research towards essential/important questions

[q7_10] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The ability to produce reliable and tenable scientific results

[q7_11] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The social/economic usefulness of scientific research

[q7_12] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The usefulness of research for people's everyday lives and well-being

[q7_13] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The communication of information on science and its results

[q7_14] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: Future prospects for Finnish science

[q7_15] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: Finnish universities' international competitiveness

[q8_1] What kind of chances do you think science has in solving problems or being of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Overcoming diseases (e.g. cancer, AIDS, bird flu)

[q8_2] What kind of chances do you think science has in solving problems or being of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Prolonging human life

[q8_3] What kind of chances do you think science has in solving problems or being of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Improving material welfare/the standard of living

[q8_4] What kind of chances do you think science has in solving problems or being of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Increasing mental well-being/happiness

[q8_5] What kind of chances do you think science has in solving problems or being of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Improving security in everyday life

[q8_6] What kind of chances do you think science has in solving problems or being of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Preventing pollution/improving the state of the environment

[q8_7] What kind of chances do you think science has in solving problems or being of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Stopping/slowing down climate change

[q8_8] What kind of chances do you think science has in solving problems or being of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Solving energy supply problems

[q8_9] What kind of chances do you think science has in solving problems or being of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Food production, the elimination of famine from the world

[q8_10] What kind of chances do you think science has in solving problems or being of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Improving working conditions and work safety

[q8_11] What kind of chances do you think science has in solving problems or being of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Removing/reducing unemployment

[q8_12] What kind of chances do you think science has in solving problems or being of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Promoting democracy, human rights, and equality

[q8_13] What kind of chances do you think science has in solving problems or being of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Promoting peace, preventing war/crises

[q9_1] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Finnish science and research are efficient and of a high professional standard

[q9_2] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: The scientific world view is not incompatible with religion

[q9_3] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Although there are ethical problems connected with animal experiments, they provide such valuable information that they should not be banned completely

[q9_4] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Finnish taxpayers' money is being squandered on a great deal of useless research

[q9_5] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Although gene technology (e.g. manipulation of the genome) entails risks, research into it can be of immense benefit to mankind

[q9_6] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: A belief in science has become a modern form of religion which is guiding people's sense of values in the wrong direction

[q9_7] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: The drain of well-educated people abroad is a serious threat to Finnish science

[q9_8] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Nature healers possess some knowledge and skills that are unknown to medical science

[q9_9] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Although basic research does not yield any direct economic benefit, it is of vital importance, because it is a necessary foundation for all applied research

[q9_10] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Attempts at cloning human beings should be utterly forbidden in all countries

[q9_11] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Science is too remote from the rest of society, in an 'ivory tower' without sufficient contact with people's everyday lives

[q9_12] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: The media should provide more information on scientific matters

[q9_13] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Although scientific research calls for a substantial input of economic resources, the investment will pay high dividends for society

[q9_14] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: The abuses that have occurred in scientific research are exceptions that should not be taken as applying to the research community as a whole

[q9_15] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Universities' increased co-operation with private enterprises has meant a powerful leap forward for Finnish research

[q9_16] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Progress in science and technology is altering people's lives and ways of life too quickly

[q9_17] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Citizens' and consumers' organizations should be able to exercise more influence on how public funding for research is targeted

[q9_18] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Science and technology are becoming our masters rather than our servants

[q9_19] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Well-being in Finland is essentially dependent on the standard of our scientific and technological research

[q9_20] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Although horoscopes published in newspapers and magazines are mostly for entertainment, reliable ones based on profound astrological knowledge exist, too

[q9_21] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: There is no need to be afraid of genetically modified (GM) foods as they are safe for human consumption and for the environment

[q9_22] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Research funds should be targeted only at the areas of science that are economically most profitable/most easily exploitable

[q9_23] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Scientific progress will lead to increased technocracy in society

[q9_24] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: The advancing climate change is a real and serious threat that calls for effective action from political decision-makers

[q9_25] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Too little attention is paid to the findings of scientific research when taking political decisions

[q9_26] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Although no UFO observations have been scientifically verified, it is obvious that there have been some visitors to our planet from outer space

[q9_27] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: The increasing of the number of foreign researchers in Finland would be an advantage for the development of Finnish science

[q9_28] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Scientific progress and new inventions create as many problems as they solve

[q9_29] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Co-operation in science produces more/better results than mutual competition

[q9_30] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Natural medicines are in many cases better than those prescribed by a doctor and bought from a pharmacy

[q9_31] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: You can't trust scientific knowledge, because experts in the same field can sometimes be of entirely different opinions

[q9_32] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: A doctorate provides a good preparation for working in the economy

[q9_33] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: The Finnish scientific community acts responsibly and recognises its responsibilities to society

[q9_34] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Finnish research needs more competition between institutions as well as between researchers

[q9_35] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Man has developed from other, earlier animal species over millions of years

[q9_36] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Computers will equal human beings in intelligence already in the next few decades

[q9_37] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: The humanities and social sciences are of great value for the development of society

[q9_38] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Conflicting opinions are part of science (so that disagreements between experts do not mean that science itself is unreliable)

[q9_39] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Although homeopathy is not recognised by medical science, it can be effective in curing illnesses

[q9_40] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: The humanities deserve support because of their cultural significance even though they may be of no practical use

[q9_41] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Postgraduate study provides only theoretical knowledge

[q9_42] What is your attitude towards the following statements on science and research: Telepathy is a real phenomenon even though it has not been possible to prove it by scientific methods

[q10_1] Do you think the following proposals put forward in public for the development of science, research and the university system are good or bad: The merger of some universities to form larger units

[q10_2] Do you think the following proposals put forward in public for the development of science, research and the university system are good or bad: Increased funding from business/industry

[q10_3] Do you think the following proposals put forward in public for the development of science, research and the university system are good or bad: Increased influence of business/industry

[q10_4] Do you think the following proposals put forward in public for the development of science, research and the university system are good or bad: Tuition and other fees

[q10_5] Do you think the following proposals put forward in public for the development of science, research and the university system are good or bad: The concentration of resources in selected fields of research

[q10_6] Do you think the following proposals put forward in public for the development of science, research and the university system are good or bad: The restriction of student intake

[q10_7] Do you think the following proposals put forward in public for the development of science, research and the university system are good or bad: Increased student numbers/the lifting of intake restrictions

[q10_8] Do you think the following proposals put forward in public for the development of science, research and the university system are good or bad: The improvement of the socio-economic status of students

[q10_9] Do you think the following proposals put forward in public for the development of science, research and the university system are good or bad: Making a research career more attractive to young people

[q10_10] Do you think the following proposals put forward in public for the development of science, research and the university system are good or bad: The revival and protection of the traditional university ideal

[bv1] Respondent's gender

[bv2] Respondent's age group

[bv3] Size of municipality of residence

[bv4] Region of residence

[bv5] Respondent's basic education

[bv6] Respondent's vocational education

[bv7] Respondent's field of education

[bv8] Respondent's economic activity and occupational status