Select variable

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[q1_1] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow in the media: Culture and arts

[q1_2] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow in the media: Sports

[q1_3] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow in the media: Lifestyle and light entertainment

[q1_4] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow in the media: Economics, business, stock exchange

[q1_5] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow in the media: Science, research, technology

[q1_6] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow in the media: Nature and the environment

[q1_7] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow in the media: Politics

[q1_8] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow in the media: Social and political issues in general

[q2_1] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow: The development of science in general, new research findings and inventions

[q2_2] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow: Advances in medicine (new drugs, treatments, etc.)

[q2_3] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow: Computers, the Internet and IT innovations

[q2_4] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow: Research on the state of the environment

[q2_5] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow: Genetics and biotechnology

[q2_6] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow: Space research

[q2_7] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow: History and culture studies

[q2_8] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow: Education and science policy, the funding of education and research

[q2_9] How interested are you in/how actively do you follow: The international status/success of Finnish science

[q3_1] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Newspapers

[q3_2] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Television and radio

[q3_3] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Popular magazines

[q3_4] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Popular science magazines (e.g. Tiede)

[q3_5] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Popular scientific literature, professional literature

[q3_6] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Scientific publications, scientific literature

[q3_7] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: The Internet, data networks

[q3_8] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Science centres, science museums and exhibitions (e.g. Heureka)

[q3_9] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Public events, seminars, lectures

[q3_10] How important are the following sources of information on science and research for you: Own work and/or education

[q4a] If you had to name one currently active and significant scientist, who would it be? (Open-ended question)

[q4b] If also the scientists who are no longer active were included, who would you name? (Open-ended question)

[q5] If you had to mention one example of Finnish scientific achievement or invention, what would it be? (Open-ended question)

[q6_1] How much do you trust the following institutions: Parliament

[q6_2] How much do you trust the following institutions: Church

[q6_3] How much do you trust the following institutions: Judicial system, law courts

[q6_4] How much do you trust the following institutions: Trade unions

[q6_5] How much do you trust the following institutions: Political parties

[q6_6] How much do you trust the following institutions: The European Union (EU)

[q6_7] How much do you trust the following institutions: The media

[q6_8] How much do you trust the following institutions: Voluntary and civic organisations

[q6_9] How much do you trust the following institutions: The police

[q6_10] How much do you trust the following institutions: Defence forces

[q6_11] How much do you trust the following institutions: Large companies

[q6_12] How much do you trust the following institutions: Nokia Group

[q6_13] How much do you trust the following institutions: Science and research, the scientific community (in general)

[q6_14] How much do you trust the following institutions: Universities

[q6_15] How much do you trust the following institutions: Polytechnics/universities of applied sciences

[q6_16] How much do you trust the following institutions: The Academy of Finland

[q6_17] How much do you trust the following institutions: Tekes (The Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation)

[q6_18] How much do you trust the following institutions: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

[q6_19] How much do you trust the following institutions: Sitra (The Finnish Innovation Fund)

[q6_20] How much do you trust the following institutions: Finnish Cultural Foundation

[q7_1] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The general quality and standards of Finnish science and research

[q7_2] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The standard of technology

[q7_3] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The standard of medicine

[q7_4] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The quality and standard of Finnish science by international comparison

[q7_5] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: Developments in Finnish research over the past few years

[q7_6] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The independence and impartiality of research

[q7_7] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The ethics and morals of science/researchers

[q7_8] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: Ensuring sufficient research funding

[q7_9] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The direction of research towards essential/important issues

[q7_10] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The ability to produce reliable and tenable scientific results

[q7_11] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The social/economic usefulness of scientific research

[q7_12] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: The usefulness of research for people's everyday lives and well-being

[q7_13] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: Producing sufficient information on science and its results

[q7_14] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: Future prospects for Finnish science

[q7_15] How well or poorly do you think the following matters connected with science and research are being looked after in Finland nowadays: International competitiveness of Finnish universities

[q8_1] What kind of chances do you think science has to solve problems or to be of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Overcoming diseases (e.g. cancer, AIDS, bird flu)

[q8_2] What kind of chances do you think science has to solve problems or to be of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Prolonging human life

[q8_3] What kind of chances do you think science has to solve problems or to be of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Improving material welfare/the standard of living

[q8_4] What kind of chances do you think science has to solve problems or to be of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Increasing mental well-being/happiness

[q8_5] What kind of chances do you think science has to solve problems or to be of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Improving security in everyday life

[q8_6] What kind of chances do you think science has to solve problems or to be of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Preventing pollution/improving the state of the environment

[q8_7] What kind of chances do you think science has to solve problems or to be of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Stopping/slowing down climate change

[q8_8] What kind of chances do you think science has to solve problems or to be of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Solving energy supply problems

[q8_9] What kind of chances do you think science has to solve problems or to be of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Food production, the elimination of famine from the world

[q8_10] What kind of chances do you think science has to solve problems or to be of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Improving working conditions and work safety

[q8_11] What kind of chances do you think science has to solve problems or to be of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Removing/reducing unemployment

[q8_12] What kind of chances do you think science has to solve problems or to be of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Promoting democracy, human rights and equality

[q8_13] What kind of chances do you think science has to solve problems or to be of significant help to mankind in the following matters: Promoting peace, preventing war/crises

[q9_1] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Finnish science and research are efficient and of a high professional standard

[q9_2] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: The scientific world view is not incompatible with religion

[q9_3] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Even though there are ethical problems connected with animal experiments, they provide such valuable information that they should not be banned completely

[q9_4] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: A great deal of useless research is being done on Finnish taxpayer funding

[q9_5] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Even though gene technology (e.g. manipulation of the genome) entails risks, research into it can be of immense benefit to mankind

[q9_6] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Belief in science has become a modern form of religion which is guiding people's values in the wrong direction

[q9_7] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: The brain drain of highly educated people to other countries is a serious threat to Finnish science

[q9_8] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Natural healers possess some knowledge and skills that are unknown to medical science

[q9_9] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Although basic research does not provide any direct economic benefits, it is of vital importance being a necessary foundation for all applied research

[q9_10] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: All countries should impose a complete ban on attempts to clone human beings

[q9_11] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Science is too remote from the rest of society, in an 'ivory tower' without sufficient contact with the everyday live of people

[q9_12] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: The media should provide more information on scientific matters

[q9_13] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Even though scientific research requires a substantial economic input, the investment will pay high dividends for society

[q9_14] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: The abuses that have occurred in scientific research are exceptions that should not be taken as applying to the research community as a whole

[q9_15] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: The increased co-operation of universities with private enterprises has meant a powerful leap forward for Finnish research

[q9_16] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Good geographical coverage of the Finnish university network is more important than achieving excellence in research by centralization

[q9_17] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: People's lives and ways of live are changing too quickly as a result of the progress in science and technology

[q9_18] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Civic and consumer organizations should be able to have more influence on how public funding for research is allocated

[q9_19] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Science and technology are becoming our masters rather than our servants

[q9_20] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Well-being in Finland is essentially dependent on the standard of our scientific and technological research

[q9_21] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Although horoscopes published in newspapers and magazines are mostly entertainment, reliable ones based on profound astrological knowledge exist as well

[q9_22] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: There is no need to be afraid of genetically modified (GM) foods as they are safe for human consumption and for the environment

[q9_23] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Research funds should be targeted solely at the areas of science that are economically most profitable/most easily exploitable

[q9_24] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Scientific progress will lead to increased technocracy in society

[q9_25] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: The advancing climate change is a real and serious threat that calls for effective action from political decision-makers

[q9_26] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: In political decision-making, too little attention is paid to the findings of scientific research

[q9_27] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Although no UFO observations have been scientifically verified, it is obvious that there have been some visitors to our planet from outer space

[q9_28] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Increasing the number of foreign researchers in Finland would be an advantage for the development of Finnish science

[q9_29] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Scientific progress and new inventions create as many problems as they solve

[q9_30] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Co-operation in science produces more/better results than mutual competition

[q9_31] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: In many cases, natural medicines are better than those prescribed by a doctor and bought from a pharmacy

[q9_32] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: One cannot trust science because experts in the same field can have entirely different opinions on an issue

[q9_33] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: A doctorate provides a good preparation for working in business life

[q9_34] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: The Finnish scientific community acts responsibly and recognises its responsibilities to society

[q9_35] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Finnish research needs more competition between institutions as well as between researchers

[q9_36] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Man has developed from other, earlier animal species over millions of years

[q9_37] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Computers will equal human beings in intelligence in the next few decades

[q9_38] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: The humanities and social sciences are of great value for the development of society

[q9_39] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Conflicting opinions are part of science (so that disagreements between experts do not mean that science itself is unreliable)

[q9_40] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Although homeopathy is not recognised by medical science, it can be effective in curing illnesses

[q9_41] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: The humanities should be supported because of their cultural significance even though they may be of no practical use

[q9_42] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Postgraduate study provides theoretical knowledge only

[q9_43] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements on science and research: Telepathy is a real phenomenon even though it has not been possible to prove it by scientific methods

[q10_1] How similar are the following views to your own: International climate researchers have severely falsified their research results

[q10_2] How similar are the following views to your own: So-called climate skeptics spread misleading information

[q10_3] How similar are the following views to your own: The new university law that came into force in Finland in the beginning of 2010 is good and successful

[q10_4] How similar are the following views to your own: Finnish science has regressed during the last few years

[q10_5] How similar are the following views to your own: Creating so-called top universities by centralizing resources is good

[q10_6] How similar are the following views to your own: Recurring financial crises show that economists do not understand the functioning of the economy

[q10_7] How similar are the following views to your own: Nowadays science has been subjected to the needs of markets and the economy

[q10_8] How similar are the following views to your own: Researchers isolate themselves into their ivory towers disregarding the needs of society

[q10_9] How similar are the following views to your own: The financial basis of Finnish universities is eroding on account of the new university law

[q10_10] How similar are the following views to your own: University entrance exams should be abandoned and student selection should be based on matriculation examination results

[q10_11] How similar are the following views to your own: The traditional idea of universities as sources of arts and humanities knowledge is outdated and can be allowed to disappear

[bv1] Respondent's gender

[bv2] Respondent's age group

[bv3] Size of municipality of residence

[bv4] Region of residence

[bv5] Respondent's basic education

[bv6] Respondent's vocational education

[bv7] Respondent's field of education

[bv8] Respondent's economic activity and occupational status