Select variable

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[q1_1] No party promotes issues that are important to me

[q1_2] In the future, science and technology will be able to solve most present-day problems

[q1_3] The Finnish welfare state has to a large extent been dismantled already

[q1_4] If entrepreneurs get richer, it is a good thing because the standard of living of other people will also improve at the same time

[q1_5] Improving economic welfare to a yet higher level will increase the level of spiritual distress in our country

[q1_6] Politicians and political parties should inform citizens much more clearly than they do now what kind of policies they would adopt after being elected

[q1_7] It is a privilege to be a Finn

[q1_8] Climate change is the biggest threat of our time. In order to prevent it, every country must take immediate and effective measures

[q1_9] Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens

[q1_10] The fact that our population is ageing and diminishing requires that Finland make immigration easier

[q1_11] The ethics of politics are unnecessarily criticised because most of our politicians are honest and conscientious

[q1_12] Finland has to take quick measures to reduce its rapidly growing national debt, whatever cuts in benefits and welfare it may require

[q1_13] I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollution and environmental problems

[q1_14] High income tax reduces my willingness to work

[q1_15] If the Finns had a more positive attitude to entrepreneurship it would benefit our society as a whole

[q1_16] The debate on immigration is not outspoken enough in Finland nor frank about the problems immigration is causing

[q1_17] If employees could participate and influence corporate decision-making more it would would benefit society as a whole

[q1_18] Increasing immigration of foreigners to Finland brings useful international influences

[q1_19] I am satisfied with the public services Finnish society has provided for myself/my family

[q1_20] In order to prosper in the future, Finland needs a clear long-term policy which is widely supported by different social groups

[q1_21] Economic growth is the only way to ensure continuous well-being of citizens

[q1_22] I would be willing to accept a lower wage, if working hours were shortened and I had more leisure time

[q1_23] In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent

[q1_24] Public welfare services and benefits should be targeted mainly at those most in need and the worst-off

[q1_25] Too many restrictions are placed on economic and industrial activities on the grounds of nature conservation

[q1_26] The Finnish media covers social and political issues in a neutral and balanced manner so that the reporters'/journalists' own political allegiances do not affect the content of the articles/programs

[q1_27] The Finns should effectively protect their unique culture from the ever-increasing internationalisation

[q1_28] Things would change for the better relatively fast, if only the right political parties and politicians would get into power

[q1_29] People used to be happier than they are now

[q1_30] By aiming at continuous economic growth, mankind will slowly destroy the environment and eventually itself

[q1_31] The Finnish media has too strong an influence on public opinion

[q1_32] Even though everyone should be provided with high quality basic education, there should be fee-paying special schools for talented children and adolescents

[q1_33] Economic and social inequality between different population groups has grown too large in our country

[q1_34] Finland should join NATO

[q1_35] Taxes should, more than they do at present, encourage entrepreneurs to expand their companies and create new jobs in our country

[q1_36] I am interested in politics and follow it actively

[q1_37] Comprehensive social security schemes and the extensive safety net of the welfare state make people lazy and unenterprising

[q1_38] Nowadays, Finnish industry and businesses act responsibly in environmental matters

[q1_39] What is essential in public services is their availability to all citizens, not who provides them

[q1_40] People work so hard and under such pressure in Finnish workplaces that many will burn out early

[q1_41] The Finnish media often treats politicians inappropriately and by its hostility lowers the appreciation of politics among citizens

[q1_42] Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces

[q1_43] Five years from now, many things will be better in Finland than they are at present

[q1_44] Welfare benefits are viewed as acquired rights and are used as a matter of course even by those who have no real need of them

[q1_45] Being an entrepreneur in Finland entails so high payments and risks that 'only a madman' would want to become an entrepreneur in favour of a steady paid job

[q1_46] Finland is governed by an informal network of public officials and men in high places

[q1_47] Citizens and consumers benefit from free economic competition in the markets because it improves efficiency and reduces prices

[q1_48] In the future, Finland's pension systems will become insolvent and the so-called 'already earnt' pensions cannot be paid

[q1_49] Increasing dissatisfaction and criticism among the Finns does not mean that matters are getting worse in Finland but rather that we want more than before

[q1_50] Ownership should be valued more than it is at present because without owners there would no jobs provided by enterprises

[q1_51] Increasingly, I feel European, in addition to feeling Finnish

[q1_52] Most of our country's public services should be privatised in order to improve the efficiency of service production

[q1_53] The wariness Finnish people show towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism

[q1_54] Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values

[q1_55] Democracy functions so well in Finland that there are no grounds for talking about citizens' lack of influence

[q1_56] Nowadays, market economy functions for the benefit of all Finnish citizens

[q1_57] Even though comprehensive social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare state is always good value for money

[q2_1] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Earned income (wages and pensions) taxes should be....

[q2_2] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Corporate income taxes should be....

[q2_3] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Capital income (investment income) taxes should be....

[q2_4] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Inheritance and gift taxes should be....

[q2_5] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Immovable property (real estate) taxes should be....

[q2_6] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Energy taxes and excise duties on fuels should be....

[q2_7] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Excise duties on alcoholic beverages should be....

[q2_8] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Consumption taxes (value-added tax, VAT) should be....

[q2_9] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? VAT on food should be....

[q2_10] Would you want to change Finland's present taxation system? Total tax rate, that is, collected total tax revenues, should be....

[q3_1] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: The way the political system and democracy works

[q3_2] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: How well society works on the whole

[q3_3] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Level of material well-being

[q3_4] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Level of mental well-being/people's level of happiness

[q3_5] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Quality of basic education

[q3_6] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Quality of science and research

[q3_7] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Competitive edge and operational conditions of Finnish enterprises

[q3_8] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Functionality of working life, status and rights of employees

[q3_9] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Guaranteeing freedom of speech and other basic rights

[q3_10] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Safety of society

[q3_11] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Level of equality between citizens

[q3_12] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Low level of income and well-being disparity

[q3_13] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Quality of social security and public services

[q3_14] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Quality of health care services and citizens' state of health

[q3_15] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: Low level of corruption

[q3_16] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: How well-known our country is in the world/in other countries

[q3_17] Finland has been placed high in recent international country rankings (e.g. Newsweek). How would you rank Finland compared to other countries in: The image/positive brand of Finland/

[q4a_1] In your opinion, to what extent do the following actors/factors incluence what kind of political decisions are made in our country: Trade unions and professional associations

[q4a_2] In your opinion, to what extent do the following actors/factors incluence what kind of political decisions are made in our country: Employer organisations

[q4a_3] In your opinion, to what extent do the following actors/factors incluence what kind of political decisions are made in our country: Environmental and nature conservation organisations

[q4a_4] In your opinion, to what extent do the following actors/factors incluence what kind of political decisions are made in our country: Interest groups and their lobbyists in general

[q4a_5] In your opinion, to what extent do the following actors/factors incluence what kind of political decisions are made in our country: Leading public officials in local and state government

[q4a_6] In your opinion, to what extent do the following actors/factors incluence what kind of political decisions are made in our country: Big businesses

[q4a_7] In your opinion, to what extent do the following actors/factors incluence what kind of political decisions are made in our country: So-called market forces

[q4a_8] In your opinion, to what extent do the following actors/factors incluence what kind of political decisions are made in our country: Economic globalisation, dependency on other countries

[q4a_9] In your opinion, to what extent do the following actors/factors incluence what kind of political decisions are made in our country: The media

[q4a_10] In your opinion, to what extent do the following actors/factors incluence what kind of political decisions are made in our country: European Union, EU membership

[q4a_11] In your opinion, to what extent do the following actors/factors incluence what kind of political decisions are made in our country: EMU membership and euro currency

[q4a_12] In your opinion, to what extent do the following actors/factors incluence what kind of political decisions are made in our country: Various informal networks of men in high places ('old boy networks')

[q4a_13] In your opinion, to what extent do the following actors/factors incluence what kind of political decisions are made in our country: Bribery and corruption of politicians

[q4a_14] In your opinion, to what extent do the following actors/factors incluence what kind of political decisions are made in our country: Voters, public opinion

[q4b_1] How acceptable do you think their influence is, do they influence decisions too much, the right amount or too little: Trade unions and professional associations

[q4b_2] How acceptable do you think their influence is, do they influence decisions too much, the right amount or too little: Employer organisations

[q4b_3] How acceptable do you think their influence is, do they influence decisions too much, the right amount or too little: Environmental and nature conservation organisations

[q4b_4] How acceptable do you think their influence is, do they influence decisions too much, the right amount or too little: Interest groups and their lobbyists in general

[q4b_5] How acceptable do you think their influence is, do they influence decisions too much, the right amount or too little: Leading public officials in local and state government

[q4b_6] How acceptable do you think their influence is, do they influence decisions too much, the right amount or too little: Big businesses

[q4b_7] How acceptable do you think their influence is, do they influence decisions too much, the right amount or too little: So-called market forces

[q4b_8] How acceptable do you think their influence is, do they influence decisions too much, the right amount or too little: Economic globalisation, dependency on other countries

[q4b_9] How acceptable do you think their influence is, do they influence decisions too much, the right amount or too little: The media

[q4b_10] How acceptable do you think their influence is, do they influence decisions too much, the right amount or too little: European Union, EU membership

[q4b_11] How acceptable do you think their influence is, do they influence decisions too much, the right amount or too little: EMU membership and euro currency

[q4b_12] How acceptable do you think their influence is, do they influence decisions too much, the right amount or too little: Various informal networks of men in high places ('old boy networks')

[q4b_13] How acceptable do you think their influence is, do they influence decisions too much, the right amount or too little: Bribery and corruption of politicians

[q4b_14] How acceptable do you think their influence is, do they influence decisions too much, the right amount or too little: Voters, public opinion

[q5_1] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Improving employment/reducing unemployment

[q5_2] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: National economy, economic policies that prevent overspending

[q5_3] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Reducing national debt

[q5_4] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Lowering taxes

[q5_5] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Reducing poverty and social exclusion

[q5_6] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Improving social security in general

[q5_7] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Promoting Finland's NATO membership

[q5_8] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Improving health care, ensuring access to treatment

[q5_9] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Improving education system, investing in education

[q5_10] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Environmental protection

[q5_11] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Conditions of employees, improving working life

[q5_12] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Promoting entrepreneurship, boosting business activity

[q5_13] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Increasing labour market flexibility

[q5_14] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Preventing misuse of social security benefits

[q5_15] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Reducing problems of growth centres

[q5_16] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Reducing problems of rural and remote areas

[q5_17] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Preventing crime

[q5_18] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Promoting immigration to Finland

[q5_19] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Promoting economic competition

[q5_20] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: EU issues, taking more active role in developing the Union

[q5_21] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Foreign relations, being active in foreign policy issues

[q5_22] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Regulating and controlling business activity

[q5_23] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Ensuring municipal economy and municipal services

[q5_24] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasize in its actions: Development cooperation, helping developing countries

[q6_1] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Image of the candidate received from election advertising

[q6_2] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Political party affiliation of the candidate

[q6_3] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Charisma, impressive personality of the candidate

[q6_4] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Candidate is knowledgeable and has expertise

[q6_5] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: The values of the candidate are close to my own

[q6_6] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Image of the candidate received from online candidate selectors

[q6_7] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Imge of the candidate received from the social media (Facebook etc)

[q6_8] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Candidate lives in the same area as I do

[q6_9] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Candidate is folksy, behaves like ordinary Finns and understands their everyday life

[q6_10] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Candidate is ideological, visionary

[q6_11] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Candidate is a public figure, well-known from the media

[q6_12] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Gender of the candidate

[q6_13] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Age of the candidate

[q6_14] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Physical appearance and style of the candidate

[q6_15] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Experience, candidate has already proved him/herself in political life

[q6_16] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Honesty and trustworthiness of the candidate

[q6_17] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Has good verbal skills, is an accomplished public performer with good media skills

[q6_18] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Speaks other languages, international

[q6_19] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Courageous, willing to think and act independently

[q6_20] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Promotes interests of people like me

[q6_21] How important are the following for your choice of candidate in the forthcoming parliamentary elections: Easily approachable, meets frequently with his/her voters

[q7_1] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Increasing the working week (number of weekly working hours)

[q7_2] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Making it more difficult to take early retirement or get disability pension

[q7_3] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Raising old-age pension age to make people work longer

[q7_4] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Reducing the duration of full-time education to make young people graduate sooner, increasing working careers from the beginning

[q7_5] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Abolishing conscription/changing universal conscription to selective conscription

[q7_6] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Providing new financial incentives for older people willing to work longer

[q7_7] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Shortening unemployment periods

[q7_8] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Increasing annual working hours by shortening annual leave entitlement

[q7_9] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Increasing well-being at work

[q7_10] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Increasing the working age population by promoting immigration to Finland

[q7_11] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer: Making it more difficult to get unemployment benefits

[q8a] What is your present attitude to Finland's EU membership?

[q8b] And what is your attitude to fact that our currency was changed from the Finnish mark to euro?

[q8c] Do you think that the euro and EMU membership are an advantage or disadvantage to Finland in the current economic situation?

[bv1] The respondent's gender

[bv2] The respondent's age group

[bv3] Number of inhabitants in the respondent's municipality of residence

[bv4] Type of neighbourhood where the respondent lives

[bv5] The respondent's basic education

[bv6] The respondent's vocational education

[bv7] The respondent's industry of employment

[bv8] The respondent's region of residence (NUTS3)

[bv9] The respondent's economic activity and occupational status

[bv10] Are you a member of a federation of trade unions/professional organisations?

[bv11] If the parliamentary elections were held now, the candidate of which political party would you vote for?

[bv12] Which social class do you feel you primarily belong to?

[bv13] The respondent's mother tongue