Select variable

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[psukup] The respondent's gender

[psvuosi] The respondent's year of birth

[pmaak] The respondent's region of residence (NUTS3)

[q1a_1] No party promotes issues that are important to me

[q1a_2] In the future, science and technology can solve most of today's problems

[q1a_3] Finland has gone too far into globalisation; from now on we should return our focus to national economy and politics

[q1a_4] Politicians and political parties should inform citizens much more clearly than they do at present what kind of policies they would adopt after being elected (e.g. by presenting preliminary government programmes before elections)

[q1a_5] I'm lucky and privileged to be a Finn

[q1a_6] Climate change is the biggest environmental threat of our time. In order to prevent it, every country must take immediate and effective measures

[q1a_7] Parties have drifted further and further away from the problems of ordinary people

[q1a_8] Finland's ageing and diminishing population means that Finland needs to make immigration easier

[q1a_9] Replacing people with machines and automation will cause permanent mass unemployment

[q1a_10] In modern society, bureaucracy has become the master, not the servant

[q1a_11] I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollution and environmental problems

[q1a_12] If Finns had a more positive attitude to entrepreneurship, the whole society would benefit

[q1a_13] I would be willing to accept a lower wage, if working hours were shortened and I had more leisure time

[q1a_14] Increasing immigration to Finland brings us useful international influences

[q1a_15] I'm satisfied with my job and my current employer

[q1a_16] Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being

[q1a_17] In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent

[q1b_1] Finland is going through one of the greatest changes in its history

[q1b_2] If Finland cannot introduce more rapid reforms, we will be facing a socio-economic crisis in a few years

[q1b_3] By aiming at continuous economic growth, mankind will slowly destroy the environment and eventually itself

[q1b_4] The Finnish media has too strong an influence on public opinion

[q1b_5] Five years from now, many things will be better in Finland than they are at present

[q1b_6] Citizens and consumers benefit from free competition in the markets, because competition improves efficiency and reduces prices

[q1b_7] At present Finland is living too much on debt and, as a consequence, will face great problems later on

[q1b_8] Work is the most important part of a person's life

[q1b_9] Comprehensive social security schemes and the extensive safety net of the welfare state make people lazy and unenterprising

[q1b_10] Finland should join NATO

[q1b_11] The success of an individual is determined mainly by his/her own actions and willpower, not by society or circumstances

[q1b_12] Economic and social inequality between different population groups has grown too large in our country

[q1b_13] I am interested in politics and follow it actively

[q1b_14] Finland has been able to influence decision-making in the EU

[q1b_15] There is too much freedom without responsibility in the Finnish education system, which results in drifting students who aren't properly disciplined or guided in the right direction

[q1b_16] In the future, Finland's pension systems will collapse and the payment of even 'already earned' pensions will become impossible

[q1b_17] Being an entrepreneur in Finland entails such payments and risks that 'only a madman' would want to become an entrepreneur instead of having a secure paid job

[q1c_1] The Finns are a united nation, with clear and common objectives

[q1c_2] Nowadays, people work so hard and under such pressure in Finnish workplaces that many will burn out early

[q1c_3] Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces

[q1c_4] Income disparity is dangerous, because someone's gain is always, in one way or another, someone else's loss

[q1c_5] Teaching is regulated too much nowadays, because students should be able to choose which comprehensive school they go to, and private actors should be allowed to start schools much more freely than at present

[q1c_6] The talks about the necessity of structural change are mere propaganda, with which ordinary citizens are persuaded to accept actions that are against their own interests

[q1c_7] A politician must be able to 'become a turncoat', that is, to break an election promise if the circumstances during the electoral term so demand

[q1c_8] The actions and policies of the United States in international politics are legitimate and deserve the support of Finns

[q1c_9] If Finnish higher education institutions and universities had tuition fees like in other countries, it would result in more purposive and systematic studies, teaching and research

[q1c_10] A lot more advisory (non-binding) referendums should be held on municipal issues

[q1c_11] Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have no reason to take a negative attitude to this big neighbour

[q1c_12] Finland's recent international success is primarily based on the high quality and equality of our education system

[q1c_13] Nowadays, the market economy functions for the benefit of all Finnish citizens

[q1c_14] Democracy functions so well in Finland that there are no grounds for talking about citizens' lack of influence

[q1c_15] Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values

[q1c_16] Even though comprehensive social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare state is always good value for money

[q1c_17] Even individuals and actors whose statements are totally unacceptable should have the right to freedom of expression

[q2_1] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: Sensible caution and moderation

[q2_2] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: Lack of expertise/not using experts when preparing decisions

[q2_3] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: Too diverse government coalition, large policy differences

[q2_4] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: Economy stretched to its limits, lack of public funds

[q2_5] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: The magnitude and complexity of social problems

[q2_6] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: Bureaucracy, administration that has grown too heavy and complex

[q2_7] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: The inability of different institutions and actors to cooperate

[q2_8] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: In the climate of envy and dismissal not even the good ideas survive

[q2_9] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: Lack of leadership in society

[q2_10] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: Clinging on to past thinking and outdated approaches

[q2_11] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: People have simply gained too many benefits and are not willing to give them up

[q2_12] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: The inability of businesses and enterprises to reform

[q2_13] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: Trade unions interfere in too many issues

[q2_14] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: The climate of avoiding responsibility and risk

[q2_15] To what extent is the slow reform pace of Finnish society caused by the following: Strong opposition to reforms among citizens

[q3] How would you describe yourself as a voter? Are you mainly a...

[q4a] Where would you place yourself on the following scale: Political left - political right

[q4b] Where would you place yourself on the following scale: Conservative - liberal

[q5_1] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: Income distribution and financial situation

[q5_2] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: Health (likelihood of falling ill, possibilities to receive treatment, etc.)

[q5_3] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: Educational opportunities

[q5_4] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: General possibilities to progress or advance in life and career development

[q5_5] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: Equality between the sexes

[q5_6] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: Comparing generations and age groups (e.g. the post-World War II baby boomers vs. others)

[q5_7] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: Comparing municipalities of residence (e.g. cities vs. rural areas)

[q5_8] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: Comparing regions (e.g. the south and the north)

[q5_9] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: Comparing occupational groups (wage level, appreciation of duties)

[q5_10] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: Taxation (taxation of different types of income, tax progression)

[q5_11] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: Justice (equality before the law)

[q5_12] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: Politics (political rights and possibilities to influence)

[q5_13] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: Freedom of speech (possibilities to express opinions)

[q5_14] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: Ethnicity and origin (e.g. original population vs. immigrants)

[q5_15] How equal or unequal do you think the Finns are in terms of the following issues: Welfare of different Finnish population groups in general

[q6_1] How acceptable do you think the following means of influencing are: Signing petitions

[q6_2] How acceptable do you think the following means of influencing are: Various boycotts

[q6_3] How acceptable do you think the following means of influencing are: Infiltrating and/or recording in production facilities (e.g. factories, farms, fur farms)

[q6_4] How acceptable do you think the following means of influencing are: Legal protests, even if they cause disturbance

[q6_5] How acceptable do you think the following means of influencing are: Wildcat strikes

[q6_6] How acceptable do you think the following means of influencing are: Use of force by protesters, rioting

[q6_7] How acceptable do you think the following means of influencing are: Painting slogans on walls

[q6_8] How acceptable do you think the following means of influencing are: Occupying buildings or factories

[q6_9] How acceptable do you think the following means of influencing are: Campaigning (even harsh campaigns) on the Internet and social media

[q6_10] How acceptable do you think the following means of influencing are: Organising road blocks

[q6_11] How acceptable do you think the following means of influencing are: Breaking someone's property

[q6_12] How acceptable do you think the following means of influencing are: Violence targeted at other people

[q6_13] How acceptable do you think the following means of influencing are: Active nonviolent direct action to draw media attention

[q7a_1] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Honest

[q7a_2] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Hard-working and entreprising

[q7a_3] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Tolerant, open-minded

[q7a_4] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Greedy and self-interested/self-serving

[q7a_5] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Law-abiding

[q7a_6] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Mutually responsible towards the disadvantaged

[q7a_7] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Indifferent

[q7a_8] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Fair, just

[q7a_9] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Bold and willing to take risks

[q7a_10] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Self-respecting, healthy self-esteem

[q7a_11] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Respectful of traditional values

[q7a_12] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Generous, charitable

[q7a_13] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Cooperative

[q7a_14] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Finnish 'sisu', determined, resolute

[q7a_15] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Dissatisfied and critical

[q7a_16] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Work-centred, value work

[q7a_17] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Patriotic, national identity

[q7a_18] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Trust in authorities

[q7a_19] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Individualistic and self-reliant

[q7a_20] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Envious

[q7a_21] How would you characterise Finland and the Finns: Religious

[q7b_1] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society : Honesty

[q7b_2] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Hard-working and entreprising nature

[q7b_3] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Tolerance and open-mindedness

[q7b_4] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Greed and self-interest

[q7b_5] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Law-abiding nature, lawfulness

[q7b_6] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Mutual responsibility towards the disadvantaged

[q7b_7] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Indifference

[q7b_8] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Fairness, justness

[q7b_9] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Boldness and willingness to take risks

[q7b_10] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Self-respect, healthy self-esteem

[q7b_11] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Respect for traditional values

[q7b_12] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Generosity, charitability

[q7b_13] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Cooperativeness

[q7b_14] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Finnish 'sisu', determination, resolve

[q7b_15] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Dissatisfaction and being critical

[q7b_16] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Work-centredness, value placed on work

[q7b_17] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Patriotism and nationalism

[q7b_18] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Trust in authorities

[q7b_19] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Individualism and self-reliance

[q7b_20] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Envy

[q7b_21] How would you assess the impact of these characteristics in the society: Religiosity

[q8_1] In you view, how does Finnish education compare internationally: Early childhood education (e.g. day care and pre-school)

[q8_2] In you view, how does Finnish education compare internationally: Basic education

[q8_3] In you view, how does Finnish education compare internationally: Success in developing human and life skills of students (e.g. behaviour, well-being, citizenship)

[q8_4] In you view, how does Finnish education compare internationally: Upper secondary education (vocational schools and general upper secondary school)

[q8_5] In you view, how does Finnish education compare internationally: Higher education in general (universities and universities of applied sciences)

[q8_6] In you view, how does Finnish education compare internationally: Aalto University

[q8_7] In you view, how does Finnish education compare internationally: University of Helsinki

[q8_8] In you view, how does Finnish education compare internationally: Quality of science and research

[q8_9] In you view, how does Finnish education compare internationally: Success in providing skills that students need to do well in life

[q8_10] In you view, how does Finnish education compare internationally: Equality of educational opportunity

[q9a] What is your attitude towards Finland's EU membership at present?

[q9b] And what is your attitude towards the fact that our currency was changed from the Finnish mark to euro?

[q9c] Do you think that the euro and EMU membership are an advantage or disadvantage to Finland in the current economic situation?

[q9d] Has your attitude towards the EU become more favourable or critical in recent years?

[q9e] If the referendum on Finland's EU membership were held now, would you be in favour of the membership or against it?

[t3] Number of inhabitants in the respondent's municipality of residence

[t4] The respondent's basic education

[t5] The respondent's vocational education

[t6] The respondent's economic activity and occupational status

[t7] The respondent's industry of employment

[t8] If the parliamentary elections were held now, the candidate of which political party would you vote for?

[t14] Are you a member of a federation of trade unions/professional organisations?

[t14a] Which federation of trade unions/professional organisations are you a member of?

[q15] Which social class would you say you belong to?

[paino] Weight variable