Select variable

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[a3] Interviewer gender

[a4_1] Date of the interview: month (1 - 12)

[a4_2a] Date of the interview: weekday

[a4_2b] Date of the interview: day (1 - 31)

[a6] Interview language (questionnaire language)

[k1] How interested are you in politics?

[k2_1] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Television debates and party leader interviews

[k2_2] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Television news and current affairs programmes

[k2_3] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Television entertainment programmes featuring politicians

[k2_4] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Radio programmes

[k2_5] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Newspaper articles, columns or letters to the editor

[k2_6] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Television advertisements

[k2_7] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Newspaper advertisements

[k2_8] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Web news covering elections e.g. newspaper websites

[k2_9] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Websites of the candidates and political parties

[k2_10] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Blogs

[k2_11] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Candidate selectors on the Internet

[k2_12] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Social media, e.g. Facebook, Twitter or Instagram

[k2_13] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: Videos of the candidates or political parties on the Internet, e.g. YouTube

[k2_14] How much attention did you pay to media coverage of the parliamentary elections: News broadcasts on the Internet or social media

[k3] How often do you use the Internet?

[k4] Generally, that is, not only during elections, how often do you discuss political and social issues with people?

[k5] How stable is your political party identification?

[k6] Which social class would you say you belong to?

[k7] Which of the following alternatives best describes your childhood home?

[k8] How many different political parties have you voted for in parliamentary elections so far?

[k9_1] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It is people's own business whether they want to use their right to vote or not

[k9_2] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Democracy may have its problems but it is better than any other form of government

[k9_3] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Important national issues should more often be decided by a referendum

[k9_4] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? To support representative democracy, public debates on policy issues should be organised for ordinary people

[k9_5] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I myself would like to attend public political debates organised for ordinary people

[k9_6] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I avoid people whose values, attitudes or opinions differ from my own

[k9_7] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I think voting is a civic duty

[k9_8] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? In my opinion, the current Finnish electoral system works and there is no need to change it

[k9_9] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? If a voter so wished, he/she should be able to vote only for a party in parliamentary elections without having to choose a candidate

[k10_1] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Elected politicians are the best people to lead Finland

[k10_2] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? In important political questions, citizens must have the final say

[k10_3] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Citizens must be heard before any important political decisions are made

[k10_4] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Things would be better in Finland if independent experts made the decisions instead of politicians and citizens

[k10_5] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It is important that citizens constantly voice their opinions, for instance, by signing petitions and participating in demonstrations

[k10_6] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Citizens must influence the direction of politics primarily by voting in elections

[k10_7] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Things would be better in Finland if successful corporate managers made the decisions

[k11_1] Which of these have you done in the past four years or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Write a letter to the editor

[k11_2] Which of these have you done in the past four years or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Contact political decision-makers on an issue

[k11_3] Which of these have you done in the past four years or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Sign a petition

[k11_4] Which of these have you done in the past four years or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Participate in the activities of a political party

[k11_5] Which of these have you done in the past four years or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Participate in the activities of some other voluntary/civic organisation

[k11_6] Which of these have you done in the past four years or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Try to influence political or social issues through my consumer choices

[k11_7] Which of these have you done in the past four years or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Join a consumer boycott

[k11_8] Which of these have you done in the past four years or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Participate in peaceful demonstrations

[k11_9] Which of these have you done in the past four years or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Demonstrate civil disobedience by participating in illegal, non-violent activities

[k11_10] Which of these have you done in the past four years or, if you felt an issue was important, which of these might you do? Use violence to reach political goals

[k12] Are you a member of any political party?

[k13] In 2012, a state-level citizens' initiative was introduced in Finland. What is your opinion on the following statement? 'The citizens' initiative has promoted the performance of democracy in Finland'

[k14] Have you signed any state-level citizens' initiatives?

[k15] The Internet and social media have created new opportunities to influence things and seek information. How important to yourself do you regard the Internet and social media as channels of civic engagement?

[k16_1] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? By voting, ordinary people can influence political decision-making

[k16_2] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Those elected to Parliament soon lose touch with the problems of ordinary people

[k16_3] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Politicians are not interested in the opinions of ordinary people

[k16_4] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? I have no say in what the Government and Parliament decide

[k16_5] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Views of the citizens are taken into account in political decision-making through political parties

[k16_6] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Political parties are only interested in people's votes, not in their opinions

[k16_7] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Sometimes politics seems so complicated that I cannot quite understand what is going on

[k16_8] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It doesn't really matter which parties form the coalition government, policy decisions will be the same

[k16_9] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Parties should announce clearly during the election campaign which parties they are willing to form a coalition government with

[k16_10] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Finnish members of parliament are competent in their work

[k16_11] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Political decision-makers take citizens' views into consideration when making decisions

[k17_1] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland that has more entrepreneurship and market economy

[k17_2] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Multicultural Finland where foreigners with different religions and lifestyles are tolerated

[k17_3] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland where Christian values have a greater role

[k17_4] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland where there are smaller differences in regional development

[k17_5] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland where the special status of Swedish-speaking Finns is acknowledged

[k17_6] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland where there is a better equality between men and women

[k17_7] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland that has a smaller public sector

[k17_8] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland where the status of sexual minorities is reinforced

[k17_9] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland that has a lower taxation level

[k17_10] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland that has two strong national languages: Finnish and Swedish

[k17_11] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland with more law and order

[k17_12] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland where the status of traditional nuclear families is reinforced

[k17_13] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland that has more immigration

[k17_14] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland that has smaller income disparities

[k17_15] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland that is less committed/attached to the European Union

[k17_16] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland where more energy is produced with nuclear power

[k17_17] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? Finland that has fewer municipalities than it has at the moment

[k17_18] In the following, some propositions relating to the future direction of Finland are listed. What is your opinion on these propositions? More eco-friendly Finland, even if it meant low economic growth or no growth at all

[q1a] In your opinion, should more, the same amount or less public funds be used on health care than is currently used?

[q1b] In your opinion, should more, the same amount or less public funds be used on education than is currently used?

[q1c] In your opinion, should more, the same amount or less public funds be used on unemployment benefits and services promoting employment than is currently used?

[q1d] In your opinion, should more, the same amount or less public funds be used on defence than is currently used?

[q1e] In your opinion, should more, the same amount or less public funds be used on old-age pensions than is currently used?

[q1f] In your opinion, should more, the same amount or less public funds be used on support for business and industry than is currently used?

[q1g] In your opinion, should more, the same amount or less public funds be used on the police and law enforcement than is currently used?

[q1h] In your opinion, should more, the same amount or less public funds be used on social security benefits than is currently used?

[q2] Over the next ten years, how likely is it that your standard of living will improve?

[q3] Would you say that over the past twelve months, the state of the economy in Finland has gotten better, stayed the same, or gotten worse?

[q3a] Would you say the state of the economy in Finland has gotten much better or somewhat better?

[q3b] Would you say the state of the economy in Finland has gotten much worse or somewhat worse?

[q21] How likely or unlikely do you think it is that your household's income could be severely reduced in the next 12 months?

[q4] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The Government should take measures to reduce differences in income levels.

[q16] Do you usually think of yourself as close to any particular party?

[q16a] Do you feel you are a little closer to one of the political parties than the others?

[q16b] Do you feel you are a little closer to one of the political parties than the others? Which party?

[q16c] Do you feel very close to this party, somewhat close, or not very close?

[q5lha] Nowadays many people do not vote in elections for one reason or the other. Did you vote or not in these parliamentary elections?

[k18_1] To what extent did the following reasons affect your decision not to vote in these elections? It was difficult for me to find a suitable party

[k18_2] To what extent did the following reasons affect your decision not to vote in these elections? It was difficult for me to find a suitable candidate

[k18_3] To what extent did the following reasons affect your decision not to vote in these elections? Job or travel prevented me from voting

[k18_4] To what extent did the following reasons affect your decision not to vote in these elections? Could not vote because of illness or disability

[k18_5] To what extent did the following reasons affect your decision not to vote in these elections? I didn't remember to vote

[k18_6] To what extent did the following reasons affect your decision not to vote in these elections? I simply couldn't be bothered to vote

[k18_7] To what extent did the following reasons affect your decision not to vote in these elections? I didn't see how voting would benefit me in any way

[k18_8] To what extent did the following reasons affect your decision not to vote in these elections? I think one vote wouldn't have made a difference to the outcome of the election

[k18_9] To what extent did the following reasons affect your decision not to vote in these elections? I distrust politicians and politics in general

[k18_10] To what extent did the following reasons affect your decision not to vote in these elections? I wanted to protest against politics and politicians

[k18_11] To what extent did the following reasons affect your decision not to vote in these elections? I'm not interested in politics and don't care whether I vote or not

[k18_12] To what extent did the following reasons affect your decision not to vote in these elections? I didn't have enough information to support my voting decision

[k18_13] To what extent did the following reasons affect your decision not to vote in these elections? There were no meaningful differences between parties

[k18_14] To what extent did the following reasons affect your decision not to vote in these elections? The party I would have voted for in these elections had different views than myself on important issues

[k19] How self-evident was it to you that you were not going to vote?

[k20] If you had voted, the candidate of which party would you have voted for?

[q5lhb] The candidate of which party (or political group) did you vote for in these parliamentary elections?

[k21] Did you consider voting for a candidate of any other party or group?

[k22] Which party or group?

[q6a] Did you vote four years ago, in the 2011 parliamentary elections?

[q6b] The candidate of which political party or group did you vote for then?

[q7] Some people say that it doesn't make any difference who is in power. Others say that it makes a big difference who is in power. Using the scale presented, what would you say?

[q8] Some people say that no matter who people vote for, it won't make any difference to what happens. Others say that who people vote for can make a big difference to what happens. Using the scale presented, what would you say?

[q9a] What do you think about the following (political) parties on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? National Coalition Party (KOK)

[q9b] What do you think about the following (political) parties on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Finnish Social Democratic Party (SDP)

[q9c] What do you think about the following (political) parties on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Finns Party (PS)

[q9d] What do you think about the following (political) parties on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Centre Party of Finland (KESK)

[q9e] What do you think about the following (political) parties on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Left Alliance (VAS)

[q9f] What do you think about the following (political) parties on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Green League (VIHR)

[q9g] What do you think about the following (political) parties on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q9h] What do you think about the following (political) parties on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Christian Democrats in Finland (KD)

[q10a] What do you think of the party leaders on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Alexander Stubb (KOK)

[q10b] What do you think of the party leaders on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Antti Rinne (SDP)

[q10c] What do you think of the party leaders on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Timo Soini (PS)

[q10d] What do you think of the party leaders on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Juha Sipilä (KESK)

[q10e] What do you think of the party leaders on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Paavo Arhinmäki (VAS)

[q10f] What do you think of the party leaders on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Ville Niinistö (VIHR)

[q10g] What do you think of the party leaders on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Carl Haglund (RKP)

[q10h] What do you think of the party leaders on a scale 0-10, where 0 means 'strongly dislike' and 10 means 'strongly like'? Päivi Räsänen (KD)

[q11a] Where would you place the following parties on a scale from left to right? National Coalition Party (KOK)

[q11b] Where would you place the following parties on a scale from left to right? Social Democratic Party (SDP)

[q11c] Where would you place the following parties on a scale from left to right? Finns Party (PS)

[q11d] Where would you place the following parties on a scale from left to right? Centre Party of Finland (KESK)

[q11e] Where would you place the following parties on a scale from left to right? Left Alliance (VAS)

[q11f] Where would you place the following parties on a scale from left to right? Green League (VIHR)

[q11g] Where would you place the following parties on a scale from left to right? Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q11h] Where would you place the following parties on a scale from left to right? Christian Democrats in Finland (KD)

[q12] Using the same [left-right] scale, where would you place yourself?

[q15] How satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Finland?

[q20a] Who of the following was the Finnish Minister of Finance right before the recent parliamentary elections?

[q20b] What was the unemployment rate in Finland in February 2015?

[q20c] Which of the following parties has the second largest number of seats in the newly elected Parliament?

[q20d] Who is the current Secretary-General of the United Nations?

[q20e] What do you think is meant by a parliamentary system of government?

[k23] For your voting choice, which was ultimately the more important, the party or the candidate?

[k24_1] To what extent did the following influence your choice of party in these parliamentary elections? Performance of the party's representatives in election programmes on television

[k24_2] To what extent did the following influence your choice of party in these parliamentary elections? The party looks after the interests of the occupational group I belong to

[k24_3] To what extent did the following influence your choice of party in these parliamentary elections? The party has a good leader

[k24_4] To what extent did the following influence your choice of party in these parliamentary elections? Values of the party

[k24_5] To what extent did the following influence your choice of party in these parliamentary elections? The party has good policy on many current issues

[k24_6] To what extent did the following influence your choice of party in these parliamentary elections? The party has competent people to conduct Finnish politics

[k24_7] To what extent did the following influence your choice of party in these parliamentary elections? Performance of the party during the past parliamentary term

[k24_8] To what extent did the following influence your choice of party in these parliamentary elections? The party's successful election campaign

[k24_9] To what extent did the following influence your choice of party in these parliamentary elections? In my opinion, the leader of the party was the best candidate to become prime minister

[k24_10] To what extent did the following influence your choice of party in these parliamentary elections? Desire to influence which parties will be in the coalition government

[k24_11] To what extent did the following influence your choice of party in these parliamentary elections? My family member(s) voted for the party

[k24_12] To what extent did the following influence your choice of party in these parliamentary elections? My friend(s) voted for the party

[k24_13] To what extent did the following influence your choice of party in these parliamentary elections? Recommendations provided by candidate selector(s)

[k25_1] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate's age

[k25_2] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate's gender

[k25_3] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate's education

[k25_4] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate's place of residence

[k25_5] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate's prior experience in politics

[k25_6] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate's reliability

[k25_7] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate's ability to manage things

[k25_8] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate's appearance and style

[k25_9] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate's public speaking and presentation skills

[k25_10] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate is a well-known public figure

[k25_11] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate's views on different issues

[k25_12] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate's party affiliation

[k25_13] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate's election campaign and election advertising

[k25_14] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate's chances of winning a seat to parliament

[k25_15] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? Openness/transparency of the candidate's campaign funding

[k25_16] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? The candidate's answers in candidate selectors on the Internet

[k25_17] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? Internet or social media presence of the candidate or his/her political party

[k25_18] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? My family member(s) voted for the candidate

[k25_19] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? My friend(s) voted for the candidate

[k25_20] To what extent did the following influence your choice of candidate? Recommendations provided by candidate selector(s)

[k26] If your candidate had been running for any of the other parties, would you still have voted for him/her?

[k27] Did you vote for a candidate who is of the same gender as you?

[k28] What was the age of the candidate you voted for?

[k29] Did you vote for the same candidate as in the previous parliamentary elections?

[k30] In what way was the candidate you voted for known to you?

[k31] When did you decide the party whose candidate you voted for?

[k32] When did you decide the candidate you voted for?

[k33_1] How significant have the following been in shaping your political opinions? Childhood home

[k33_2] How significant have the following been in shaping your political opinions? School or educational institution

[k33_3] How significant have the following been in shaping your political opinions? Friends

[k33_4] How significant have the following been in shaping your political opinions? Workplaces

[k33_5] How significant have the following been in shaping your political opinions? Spouse/partner

[k33_6] How significant have the following been in shaping your political opinions? Own children

[k34] Do you know which party you mother supported when you were young?

[k34a] Do you know which party you mother supported when you were young? Yes, which party?

[k35] Do you know which party you father supported when you were young?

[k35a] Do you know which party you father supported when you were young? Yes, which party?

[k36] Do you think people can be trusted or is it so that you can never be too careful about people?

[k37_1] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? The President

[k37_2] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? Political parties

[k37_3] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? The Parliament

[k37_4] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? The Government

[k37_5] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? Politicians

[k37_6] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? The European Union

[k37_7] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? The judicial system

[k37_8] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? Public officials

[k37_9] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland

[k37_10] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? The police

[k37_11] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? Trade unions and professional associations

[k37_12] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? The media

[k37_13] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? Banks

[k37_14] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? Major corporations

[k37_15] To what extent do you trust or mistrust the following? Universities and research institutes

[k38] In your opinion, how well did the Government lead by Prime Minister Alexander Stubb at the end of last electoral term perform?

[k39] What about the Government lead by Prime Minister Jyrki Katainen before that?

[d1] Your year of birth

[d2] Your gender

[d3] What is the highest level of education or degree you have completed?

[d4] Your marital status

[d33] How would you describe your health in general?

[d5] Do you belong to any trade union or professional association and if yes, how actively do you participate in its activities?

[d34] Which of the following central organisations does your trade union or professional association belong to?

[d34_1] Which of the following central organisations does your trade union or professional association belong to? Other, which? (Categorised open-ended question)

[d35] How many other than work- or profession-related associations do you belong to as a paying member?

[d10] Which of the following best describes your situation?

[d11] What is your current occupation? (open-ended question categorised by using ISCO-08)

[d12] The occupational group you feel you mainly belong to?

[d13] In which sector do you work?

[d20] What is the average total annual income of your household before tax (= gross income), including taxable social security benefits?

[d21a] How many people live in your household? In total: __ people

[d21b] Out of them, __ are children/young people aged 7-17

[d21c] Out of them, __ are children aged 6 or younger

[d22] Apart from weddings, funerals etc., how often do you go to church?

[d23] How religious would you say you are?

[d24] Do you belong to a church or other religious community?

[d36] Have you left the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the past five years?

[d37] Mother tongue

[d25] Which language or languages are usually spoken at your home?

[d38] Do you consider yourself a member of an ethnic minority in Finland?

[d39] Your place of residence (Helsinki-other, categorized in FSD)

[d29] Do you live...

[d40] Did you live in your present electoral district at the time of the previous parliamentary elections of 2011?

[d30] Electoral district (derived from the municipality variable)

[d41] Have you been unemployed in the past 12 months?

[d41_1] Have you been unemployed in the past 12 months? Yes, for a total of approximately __ months

[d42] Do you live...

[rekry1] Willingness to respond to the self-administered questionnaire?

[rekry2] Did the respondent respond to the self-administered questionnaire?

[p1_1] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? All in all, the European Union membership has been a good thing for Finland

[p1_2] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Finland should reinforce Nordic co-operation

[p1_3] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Finland should leave the EU

[p1_4] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Finland should be actively involved in developing defence co-operation in the EU

[p1_5] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Finland's participation in international crisis management operations is a good thing

[p1_6] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? If Ukraine's territorial integrity can only be safeguarded by Western military aid, Finland needs to support this aid

[p1_7] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Finland should join NATO

[p1_8] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Russia constitutes a political and security threat to Finland

[p1_9] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? The government should primarily look after the welfare of native Finns

[p1_10] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Increasing the duration of compulsory education is a good way to prevent the marginalisation of young people

[p1_11] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Because of tax progression, income taxation in Finland is too harsh, particularly for incomes above the average

[p1_12] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Efforts should be made to keep all of Finland populated, regardless of the costs

[p1_13] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Finland is too eager to meet the EU's environment and climate goals

[p1_14] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Wages and terms of employment should be agreed on locally without central organisations

[p1_15] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Same-sex couples' right to marry is a good thing

[p1_16] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Same-sex couples' right to adopt is a good thing

[p1_17] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? The centralisation of social and health services into larger responsible units, the so-called SOTE reform, is a good thing

[p1_18] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Cuts to public services are needed to balance the Finnish economy

[p1_19] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Alcohol legislation in Finland is too strict

[p1_20] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Begging should be forbidden

[p1_21] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Finns must remain longer in the working life than they do now

[p1_22] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Studying Swedish at school should be voluntary

[p1_23] To what extent do you agree with the following statements about current political issues? Finland must maintain compulsory military service

[p2_1] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Members of parliament would help our country more if they stopped talking and concentrated on taking action

[p2_2] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? What making compromises in politics really means is selling one's principles

[p2_3] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The Finnish government would function better if it were managed like an enterprise

[p2_4] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Political parties ought to be banned in politics

[p2_5] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? There ought to be an upper limit to political campaign expenditure

[p2_6] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Direct contacts between interest groups and members of parliament ought to be banned

[p2_7] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? What Finland needs are strong leaders who can restore law and order

[p2_8] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? It is important that members of parliament thoroughly discuss and debate issues before decision-making

[p2_9] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? The problem with democracy is that most people do not really know what is best for them

[p2_10] To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Most people have enough sense to tell whether the government is doing a good job

[p3] Which of the following groups would you say you primarily belong to?

[p4] Which of the following groups would you say you primarily belong to?

[p5_1] How much important information did you get for your voting choice from the following sources? Family members, parents or relatives

[p5_2] How much important information did you get for your voting choice from the following sources? Colleagues or fellow students

[p5_3] How much important information did you get for your voting choice from the following sources? Other friends or acquaintances

[p5_4] How much important information did you get for your voting choice from the following sources? Newspaper or online paper/magazine

[p5_5] How much important information did you get for your voting choice from the following sources? Television

[p5_6] How much important information did you get for your voting choice from the following sources? Radio

[p5_7] How much important information did you get for your voting choice from the following sources? Websites of parties or candidates

[p5_8] How much important information did you get for your voting choice from the following sources? Social media

[p5_9] How much important information did you get for your voting choice from the following sources? Websites of the media

[p5_10] How much important information did you get for your voting choice from the following sources? Other websites

[p5_11] How much important information did you get for your voting choice from the following sources? Candidate selector(s)

[q17] During the campaign, did a party or candidate contact you in person or by any other means?

[q17a] Did a party or candidate contact you in person, face-to-face (for example, in the street or at your home)?

[q17b] Did a party or candidate contact you by mail (not electronic communication, paper mail only)?

[q17c] Did a party or candidate contact you by phone?

[q17d] Did a party or candidate contact you by text message or SMS?

[q17e] Did a party or candidate contact you by email?

[q17f] Did a party or candidate contact you on the Internet or through social media?

[q17g_1] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? National Coalition Party

[q17g_2] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? Social Democratic Party of Finland

[q17g_3] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? Finns Party

[q17g_4] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? Centre Party of Finland

[q17g_5] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? Left Alliance

[q17g_6] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? Green League

[q17g_7] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? Swedish People's Party in Finland

[q17g_8] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? Christian Democrats

[q17g_9] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? Pirate Party of Finland

[q17g_10] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? Communist Party of Finland

[q17g_11] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? Change 2011

[q17g_12] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? Independence Party

[q17g_13] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? Workers' Party of Finland

[q17g_14] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? Communist Workers' Party

[q17g_15] Which party or candidate contacted you by any of the means mentioned above? For the Poor

[q18] During the campaign, did a friend, family member, neighbour, work colleague or other acquaintance try to persuade you to vote for a particular party or candidate?

[q18a] Did they try to persuade you in person, face-to-face?

[q18b] Did they try to persuade you by mail/letter?

[q18c] Did they try to persuade you by phone?

[q18d] Did they try to persuade you by text message?

[q18e] Did they try to persuade you by email?

[q18f] Did they try to persuade you on the Internet or social media?

[q19] During the campaign, did you use the Internet or your mobile phone to receive information, newsletters or alerts from a party or candidate?

[p6] How easy or difficult was it for you to choose the party whose candidate you voted for?

[p7] How easy or difficult was it for you to find a suitable candidate?

[p8_1] Do you feel you might do or have you done any of the following in the past four years on the Internet or social media? Sign a petition

[p8_2] Do you feel you might do or have you done any of the following in the past four years on the Internet or social media? Contact political decision-makers regarding some important issue

[p8_3] Do you feel you might do or have you done any of the following in the past four years on the Internet or social media? Participate in conversation/debate e.g. by commenting on the websites of news media, political blogs or social media

[p8_4] Do you feel you might do or have you done any of the following in the past four years on the Internet or social media? Donate money to a political party or candidate

[p8_5] Do you feel you might do or have you done any of the following in the past four years on the Internet or social media? Send and receive election-related emails or messages between family, friends and acquaintances on social media

[p8_6] Do you feel you might do or have you done any of the following in the past four years on the Internet or social media? Write about elections in your own blog or profile on social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter or YouTube)

[p8_7] Do you feel you might do or have you done any of the following in the past four years on the Internet or social media? Upload or share pictures or videos relating to elections on social media (e.g. Facebook, Instagram or YouTube)

[p8_8] Do you feel you might do or have you done any of the following in the past four years on the Internet or social media? Participate in the activities of a political party online and/or social media

[p8_9] Do you feel you might do or have you done any of the following in the past four years on the Internet or social media? Participate in the activities of some other association online and/or social media

[p8_10] Do you feel you might do or have you done any of the following in the past four years on the Internet or social media? Demonstrate civil disobedience by participating in illegal, non-violent activities online, for example by hacking

[p9_1] In what ways are you active on the Internet or social media? Political websites and blogs

[p9_2] In what ways are you active on the Internet or social media? Political conversations on the Internet and web communities on social media, such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram

[p9_3] In what ways are you active on the Internet or social media? Political videos, for example on YouTube

[p9_4] In what ways are you active on the Internet or social media? Political activist groups on the Internet or social media

[p9_5] In what ways are you active on the Internet or social media? Political campaigns on the Internet or social media

[p9_6] In what ways are you active on the Internet or social media? Political podcasts

[p10] How much time do you spend watching television news or politics-related and current affairs programmes on ordinary weekdays?

[p11] If it were possible to have a say through the Internet in issues that the Parliament is handling each week, what would you do?

[p12] Otakantaa.fi is a new online service that aims to strengthen the participation of and interaction between citizens, organisations and authorities. Have you participated in discussions at www.otakantaa.fi?

[p13] Kuntalaisaloite.fi is an online service where the residents of a municipality and other members can propose initiatives, follow the initiatives proposed by others etc. Have you done any of the things mentioned above at www.kuntalaisaloite.fi?

[p14_1] If you think back to the past two years, are the following things currently better, worse or the same as before? State of the economy in Finland

[p14_2] If you think back to the past two years, are the following things currently better, worse or the same as before? Your own or your family's financial situation

[p14_3] If you think back to the past two years, are the following things currently better, worse or the same as before? Employment situation in Finland

[p14_4] If you think back to the past two years, are the following things currently better, worse or the same as before? Your own or your family's employment situation

[p15_1] And what about two years from now, do you think the following things will be better, worse or the same as they are now? State of the economy in Finland

[p15_2] And what about two years from now, do you think the following things will be better, worse or the same as they are now? Your own or your family's financial situation

[p15_3] And what about two years from now, do you think the following things will be better, worse or the same as they are now? Employment situation in Finland

[p15_4] And what about two years from now, do you think the following things will be better, worse or the same as they are now? Your own or your family's employment situation

[p16] How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your financial situation?

[p17] And how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your life in general?

[p18_1] Zero means that citizens should make important political decisions and ten means that politicians elected by the people should make the important decisions. Where would you place yourself on this scale?

[p18_2] Zero means that politicians elected by the people should make important political decisions and ten means that politically impartial experts should make the important decisions. Where would you place yourself on this scale?

[p18_3] Zero means that politically impartial experts should make important political decisions and ten means that citizens should make the important decisions. Where would you place yourself on this scale?

[q22a] Do you or any of your family members own a house, apartment or holiday home that remains in family use?

[q22b] Do you or any of your family members own a company, land or property, a farm or livestock?

[q22c] Do you or any of your family members own shares or bonds?

[q22d] Do you or any of your family members have savings or deposit accounts?

[q23a] If you were to lose your job, how easy or difficult do you think it would be for you to find a new job in the following 12 months?

[q23b] If your spouse or cohabiting partner were to lose his/her job, how easy or difficult would it be for him/her to find a new job in the following 12 months?

[p19_1] Do you or any of the following people close to you have any illness, disability or other health problem that limits daily activities? I myself

[p19_2] Do you or any of the following people close to you have any illness, disability or other health problem that limits daily activities? My spouse/partner

[p19_3] Do you or any of the following people close to you have any illness, disability or other health problem that limits daily activities? My parents and/or the parents of my spouse/partner

[p19_4] Do you or any of the following people close to you have any illness, disability or other health problem that limits daily activities? My children and/or the children of my spouse/partner

[p19_5] Do you or any of the following people close to you have any illness, disability or other health problem that limits daily activities? A close friend or a close colleague of mine

[p19_6] Do you or any of the following people close to you have any illness, disability or other health problem that limits daily activities? None of them

[p20_1] How well do the following personality traits describe you? Extroverted, enthusiastic

[p20_2] How well do the following personality traits describe you? Critical, quarrelsome

[p20_3] How well do the following personality traits describe you? Dependable, self-disciplined

[p20_4] How well do the following personality traits describe you? Anxious, easily upset

[p20_5] How well do the following personality traits describe you? Open to new experiences, complex

[p20_6] How well do the following personality traits describe you? Reserved, quiet

[p20_7] How well do the following personality traits describe you? Sympathetic, warm

[p20_8] How well do the following personality traits describe you? Disorganised, careless

[p20_9] How well do the following personality traits describe you? Calm, emotionally stable

[p20_10] How well do the following personality traits describe you? Conventional, uncreative

[kuntatie] Availability of information on the respondent's municipality

[kuntaryh] Degree of urbanisation of the municipality of residence

[maakunta] The respondent's region of residence (NUTS3)

[ika] The respondent's age

[koulutus] The respondent's education

[ammatti] The respondent's occupational status

[paino] Weight variable (party choice, age, constituency)

[weights] Updated weight variable, main questionnaire

[pvweight] Updated weight variable, self-administered questionnaire