Select variable

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[q1] In your opinion, how well has Finland managed its foreign policy over the past few years?

[q2] What is your opinion on the defence forces funding?

[q3] If Finland were attacked, do you think the Finns should in all circumstances take up arms in defence of their country, even if the outcome seemed uncertain?

[q4] If Finland were attacked, would you be prepared to participate in different defence tasks according to your skills and abilities?

[q5] Considering the present state of the world, do you think that over the next five years Finns and Finland will live in a more secure or insecure world?

[q6] Should Finland keep the present universal conscription, adopt a selective conscription, or give up the conscription army altogether and adopt a professional army?

[q7] In my opinion, the Finnish defence system should base on...

[q8] Should the present call-up system for military service be extended to also include women:

[q9] What would your attitude be if Finland introduced a general civic service for both men and women that could be completed as military or non-military service?

[q10] In your opinion, should Finland continue its policy of military non-alignment or enter a military alliance?

[q11] In your opinion, should Finland seek to become a member of NATO?

[q12_1] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland? Finland's membership in the EU

[q12_2] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland? Increase in Finland's international economic cooperation

[q12_3] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland? Finland's potential NATO membership

[q12_4] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland? Finland's participation in the EU's common defence

[q12_5] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland? Finland's participation in Nordic defence cooperation

[q12_6] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland? Finnish troops participating in international crisis management operations

[q12_7] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland? Military non-alignment of Finland

[q12_8] How do you think the following affect the security of Finns and Finland? Increase in foreign ownership in Finnish economic life

[q13] In your opinion, how well has Finland managed its defence policy over the past few years?

[q14a] Finland is involved in military cooperation with Sweden and other Nordic countries, NATO and the United States, and the EU. What is your attitude toward this cooperation? In the EU

[q14b] Finland is involved in military cooperation with Sweden and other Nordic countries, NATO and the United States, and the EU. What is your attitude toward this cooperation? With NATO

[q14c] Finland is involved in military cooperation with Sweden and other Nordic countries, NATO and the United States, and the EU. What is your attitude toward this cooperation? With all Nordic countries (Nordefco)

[q14d] Finland is involved in military cooperation with Sweden and other Nordic countries, NATO and the United States, and the EU. What is your attitude toward this cooperation? With Sweden

[q14e] Finland is involved in military cooperation with Sweden and other Nordic countries, NATO and the United States, and the EU. What is your attitude toward this cooperation? With the United States

[q15_1] What kind of effect do you think the following bodies have on the security of Finland: OSCE

[q15_2] What kind of effect do you think the following bodies have on the security of Finland: EU

[q15_3] What kind of effect do you think the following bodies have on the security of Finland: China

[q15_4] What kind of effect do you think the following bodies have on the security of Finland: NATO

[q15_5] What kind of effect do you think the following bodies have on the security of Finland: Russia

[q15_6] What kind of effect do you think the following bodies have on the security of Finland: USA

[q15_7] What kind of effect do you think the following bodies have on the security of Finland: UN

[q16_1] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Termination of arms control agreements

[q16_2] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Various infectious diseases, epidemics

[q16_3] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Climate change (global warming)

[q16_4] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Security situation in the Baltic Sea region

[q16_5] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction

[q16_6] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Organised crime

[q16_7] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: International terrorism

[q16_8] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Recent developments in the EU

[q16_9] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Recent developments in Belarus

[q16_10] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Recent developments in Russia

[q16_11] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Recent developments in the United States

[q16_12] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Situation in Afghanistan

[q16_13] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Situation in the Middle East

[q16_14] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Situation in Ukraine

[q16_15] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: The global refugee situation

[q16_16] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Political extremist groups

[q16_17] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Racism

[q16_18] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Fake news targeting Finland spread by foreign nations

[q16_19] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Attacks against information networks i.e. cyberthreats

[q16_20] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Employment situation in Finland

[q16_21] How would you evaluate the following factors? How concerned are you about the future because of: Social inequality in Finland

[q17_1] How well prepared do you think Finland is for countering the following security threats: Armed attack

[q17_2] How well prepared do you think Finland is for countering the following security threats: Availability of energy

[q17_3] How well prepared do you think Finland is for countering the following security threats: Various infectious diseases, epidemics

[q17_4] How well prepared do you think Finland is for countering the following security threats: Various environmental threats (floods, oil accidents, transports of dangerous goods)

[q17_5] How well prepared do you think Finland is for countering the following security threats: Hybrid threats (created using various different means)

[q17_6] How well prepared do you think Finland is for countering the following security threats: Climate change

[q17_7] How well prepared do you think Finland is for countering the following security threats: International crime

[q17_8] How well prepared do you think Finland is for countering the following security threats: Foreign political pressure

[q17_9] How well prepared do you think Finland is for countering the following security threats: Foreign economic pressure

[q17_10] How well prepared do you think Finland is for countering the following security threats: Major disasters and accidents

[q17_11] How well prepared do you think Finland is for countering the following security threats: Economic crisis

[q17_12] How well prepared do you think Finland is for countering the following security threats: Terrorism

[q17_13] How well prepared do you think Finland is for countering the following security threats: Attacks against information networks i.e. cyberthreats

[q18] Your assessment of the military situation in the regions just across the Finnish border over the next ten years

[q19] How would you rate your trust in the future of the European Union? Has your trust increased, decreased, or remained the same?

[q20] In your opinion, how well has Finland succeeded in the fight against COVID-19 so far?

[q21] What is your attitude towards cooperation between the EU and NATO to improve security in Europe?

[q22] Do you trust the Finnish Defence Forces' ability to defend Finland against various military threats?

[q23] Technological development and digitalisation (including artificial intelligence) can be utilised in many ways, but they also entail security threats and potential misuse. How concerned are you about these threats and potential misuse?

[bv1] The respondent's gender

[bv2] The respondent's age

[bv3] The respondent's working hours

[bv4] The respondent's economic activity and occupational status

[bv5] The respondent's education

[bv6] Economic activity and occupational status of the person with the highest income in the household

[bv7] Are you the person with the highest income in the household?

[bv9] Household composition

[bv10a] Ages of the children living at home: number of children aged 0-6 (created at FSD)

[bv10b] Ages of the children living at home: number of children aged 7-17 (created at FSD)

[bv11] Total number of children aged under 18 living in the household (top-coded at FSD)

[bv12] Annual gross income of the household (incomes of all family members summed up before taxes)

[bv13] Number of persons in the household (including the respondent) (top-coded at FSD)

[bv14] Type of accommodation

[bv15] Number of inhabitants in the respondent's municipality of residence

[bv16] Type of municipality of residence

[bv17] The respondent's major region of residence (NUTS2)

[bv19] The respondent's region of residence (NUTS3)

[bv20] The candidate of which political party or group did you vote for in the 2019 PARLIAMENTARY elections?

[bv21] The candidate of which political party or group would you most likely vote for if the PARLIAMENTARY elections were held now?

[paino] Weight variable