Select variable

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[fsd_li] FSD license CC BY 4.0

[t1] Respondent's gender

[t2] Respondent's age group

[t3] Respondent's NUTS3 region of residence

[t4] What is the highest level of education you have attained?

[t5] Household composition

[t6] Are there any children under 18 years old living in your household?

[t7] How would you describe the financial circumstances of your household?

[q1] In your opinion, how fair or unfair is Finnish society at present?

[q1_b] In general, how much do you trust other people?

[q2] In this survey, 'authorities' refers to the Finnish Government, Ministries, and other authorities. In your opinion, how well prepared were the authorities in Finland for epidemic outbreaks such as COVID-19 (coronavirus)?

[q4] How concerned are you at present about the COVID-19 epidemic and its effects?

[q4_b1] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of contracting COVID-19 myself

[q4_b2] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of people close to me contracting COVID-19

[q4_b3] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The risk of transmitting COVID-19 to other people as an asymptomatic carrier

[q4_b4] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The capacity of the health care system to provide medical care for those who need it

[q4_b5] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The insufficient precautions against the virus taken by my parents who belong to a higher-risk group for COVID-19

[q4_b6] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Whether I will receive treatment I need for a health condition unrelated to COVID-19

[q4_b7] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Whether people close to me will receive treatment they need for a health condition unrelated to COVID-19

[q4_b8] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? My mental well-being

[q4_b9] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Controlling my alcohol consumption

[q4_b10] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? People close to me controlling their alcohol consumption

[q4_b11] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Violence or threat of violence in my family

[q4_b12] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? The mental well-being of my children

[q4_b13] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Some other issue related to health or well-being

[q4_b14] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? None of the above

[q4_b15] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to health and well-being? Can't say

[q4_c1] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? My own livelihood

[q4_c2] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The livelihood of people close to me

[q4_c3] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of becoming unemployed

[q4_c4] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of being temporarily laid off

[q4_c5] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The risk of a forthcoming economic depression

[q4_c6] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Uncertainty about how long the exceptional circumstances will last

[q4_c7] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? The potential tightening of restrictions

[q4_c8] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? My children's schooling

[q4_c9] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Balancing work and child care

[q4_c10] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Some other issue related to livelihood and everyday life

[q4_c11] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? None of the above

[q4_c12] Are you concerned at present about the following issues related to livelihood and everyday life? Can't say

[q5] How confident are you at present about your future?

[q6] How concerned are you about the livelihood of your household during the following month?

[q7] Stress means a situation where an individual feels tense, restless, nervous or anxious, or has trouble sleeping because of issues troubling his or her mind. To what extent are you currently feeling this kind of stress?

[q8] How would you describe the atmosphere amongst Finns at present?

[q9a] How well has information on the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on your everyday life been made available to you?

[q9d] How well would you say the authorities have succeeded in helping people cope during the coronavirus pandemic?

[q10c] How useful do you think the following information channels would be for you? Websites of authorities

[q10d] How useful do you think the following information channels would be for you? A joint crisis website by authorities

[q10e] How useful do you think the following information channels would be for you? Social media channels of authorities

[q10f] How useful do you think the following information channels would be for you? A mobile app by authorities (112 Suomi by the Emergency Response Centre Agency)

[q10g] How useful do you think the following information channels would be for you? A text message sent by authorities

[q10a_1] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Newspapers (including online versions)

[q10a_2] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Magazines (including online versions)

[q10a_3] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Other online papers (e.g. Uusi Suomi, Suomen Uutiset)

[q10a_4] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. TV

[q10a_5] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Radio

[q10a_6] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. International press or TV

[q10a_7] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Website of the responsible authority

[q10a_8] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Social media channels of authorities (Facebook, Twitter etc.)

[q10a_9] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Social media channels or websites of voluntary or civic organisations (Facebook, Twitter etc.)

[q10a_10] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Other social media channels (Facebook pages, Twitter accounts etc.)

[q10a_11] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Online discussion forums

[q10a_12] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Elsewhere on the Internet

[q10a_13] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Workplace or place of study

[q10a_14] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Friends and acquaintances

[q10a_15] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Elsewhere

[q10a_16] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Nowhere

[q10a_99] From which sources have you received information on the COVID-19 crisis? Choose all sources of information that you regularly use. Can't say

[q10b_1] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Newspapers (including online versions)

[q10b_2] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Magazines (including online versions)

[q10b_3] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Other online papers (e.g. Uusi Suomi, Suomen Uutiset)

[q10b_4] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? TV

[q10b_5] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Radio

[q10b_6] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? International press or TV

[q10b_7] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Website of the responsible authority

[q10b_8] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Social media channels of authorities (Facebook, Twitter etc.)

[q10b_9] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Social media channels or websites of voluntary or civic organisations (Facebook, Twitter etc.)

[q10b_10] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Other social media channels (Facebook pages, Twitter accounts etc.)

[q10b_11] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Online discussion forums

[q10b_12] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Elsewhere on the Internet

[q10b_13] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Workplace or place of study

[q10b_14] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Friends and acquaintances

[q10b_15] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Elsewhere

[q10b_16] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Nowhere

[q10b_99] From which sources would you like to receive information on the COVID-19 crisis? Can't say

[q11a] In your opinion, how reliable is the information given on the COVID-19 crisis in public by representatives of the following groups? Political leaders (e.g. cabinet ministers)

[q11b] In your opinion, how reliable is the information given on the COVID-19 crisis in public by representatives of the following groups? Leading experts in the health care sector (e.g. THL)

[q11c] In your opinion, how reliable is the information given on the COVID-19 crisis in public by representatives of the following groups? Health care workers (e.g. doctors and nurses)

[q11d] In your opinion, how reliable is the information given on the COVID-19 crisis in public by representatives of the following groups? The police, Finnish Border Guard, Finnish Defence Forces, and other safety and security officials

[q11e] In your opinion, how reliable is the information given on the COVID-19 crisis in public by representatives of the following groups? Other officials

[q11f] In your opinion, how reliable is the information given on the COVID-19 crisis in public by representatives of the following groups? Researchers

[q11g] In your opinion, how reliable is the information given on the COVID-19 crisis in public by representatives of the following groups? Representatives of non-governmental organisations

[q11h] In your opinion, how reliable is the information given on the COVID-19 crisis in public by representatives of the following groups? Journalists

[q11i] In your opinion, how reliable is the information given on the COVID-19 crisis in public by representatives of the following groups? Social media influencers (bloggers, YouTubers, etc.)

[q11j] In your opinion, how reliable is the information given on the COVID-19 crisis in public by representatives of the following groups? Trade unions and employers' organisations (e.g. SAK, OAJ, EK, Federation of Finnish Enterprises)

[q11k] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Finnish Government

[q11l] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Municipal administration/local government

[q11m] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Finnish Parliament

[q11n] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Courts of law

[q11o] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Political parties

[q11p] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The police

[q11q] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The health care system

[q11r] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The education system

[q11s] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? State administration

[q11t] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? The media

[q11u] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Banks

[q11v] How much do you personally trust the following institutions? Large companies

[q12a] In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Impartiality

[q12b] In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Reliability

[q12c] In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Correctness/accuracy

[q12d] In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Clarity

[q12e] In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Swift in reaction

[q12f] In your opinion, how well does the following describe the communication of authorities on the COVID-19 crisis? Openness

[q13] How well have you followed the instructions given by authorities during the COVID-19 crisis?

[q15] In your opinion, how well have other people followed the instructions given by authorities during the COVID-19 crisis?

[q17a] How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past week: I keep a distance of over 2 metres to others

[q17b] How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past week: I regularly wash my hands with soap for 20 seconds

[q17c] How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past week: I wear a face mask when I cannot keep a safe distance from other people

[q17d] How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past week: I avoid touching my eyes, nose, and face with unwashed hands

[q17e] How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past week: I always use hand sanitiser when it is available in public places

[q17f] How well does the following statement describe your behaviour in the past week: I avoid meeting other people

[q18a] To what extent do you agree or disagree: When a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available and it is recommended to me, I will get vaccinated (or I have already been vaccinated)

[q18b] To what extent do you agree or disagree: Getting vaccinated is a good way of protecting yourself against diseases

[q18c] Do you agree or disagree: Vaccines should be allocated to the areas with the worst epidemic situation, even if it meant slowing down the rate of vaccinations in other areas for people who do not belong to higher-risk groups for COVID-19

[q18d] To what extent do you agree or disagree: The movement of people in Finland should be restricted because of the coronavirus pandemic

[q18e] To what extent do you agree or disagree: If a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available for children and young people and is recommended for them, I would want my children to get the vaccine

[q18f] To what extent do you agree or disagree: In my opinion, attending larger public events (over 500 people) will be responsible only when everyone over the age of 12 has had the opportunity to receive the full primary vaccination series

[q18g] Have you received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine?

[q18h] My decision to get or not to get the coronavirus vaccine is/was affected by: The effortlessness of getting vaccinated

[q18i] My decision to get or not to get the coronavirus vaccine is/was affected by: A recommendation given by health care authorities

[q18j] My decision to get or not to get the coronavirus vaccine is/was affected by: The potential harmful side effects of the vaccine

[q18k] My decision to get or not to get the coronavirus vaccine is/was affected by: The lowered risk of transmitting COVID-19 to other people

[q18l] My decision to get or not to get the coronavirus vaccine is/was affected by: The fact that the vaccine will protect me against a severe case of COVID-19

[q18m] When you plan on doing some shopping or using services outside of your home in these times, how much do the following affect your actions? Concern about the risk of contracting COVID-19 myself / people close to me contracting it

[q18n] When you plan on doing some shopping or using services outside of your home (e.g. concerts, restaurants) in these times of COVID-19, how much do the following factors affect your actions? Incidence of COVID-19

[q18o] When you plan on doing some shopping or using services outside of your home (e.g. concerts, restaurants) in these times of COVID-19, how much do the following factors affect your actions? Recommendations given by authorities

[q18p] And is there some other factor that affects your use of services outside of you home in these times of COVID-19?

[q18q] In your opinion, how necessary is it to protect yourself and others from the spread of COVID-19 (e.g. by wearing face masks and keeping a safe distance from other people) after getting both doses of the COVID-19 vaccine?

[q19a] Does your household currently have debt such as a mortgage, housing company loan, consumer credit, instant loans, student loan or some other loan or debt?

[q19b] Thinking about all the debts your household has, how big a financial burden are loan repayments for your household?

[q19c] During the year 2020, has your household encountered a situation where you haven't had enough money to make loan repayments or pay interest on time?

[q19d] During the year 2020, has your household encountered a situation where the amount of debt has grown beyond what you can manage?

[q20a] Do you think the following statements are true? The Government has decreased discrimination through its actions. (Decreasing discrimination refers to, for example, increasing tolerance, decreasing racism, and promoting equality.)

[q20b] Do you think the following statements are true? The Government has promoted fair and equal treatment across generations through its actions. (e.g. evening out income distribution between generations and mitigating climate change)

[q20c] Do you think the following statements are true? The Government is committed to knowledge-based policy-making.

[q20d] Do you think the following statements are true? The Government is open in its actions and has adopted new ways of interaction and enhancing public engagement.

[q21a] (IF T2=1) Have you turned 18 years old by 18 April 2021?

[q21b] Are you going to vote in the upcoming municipal elections?

[q21c] When are you going to vote?

[q22a] To what extent do you agree or disagree: Election committees will be able to hold the municipal elections in a safe manner according to coronavirus recommendations

[q22b] To what extent do you agree or disagree: Despite the coronavirus situation, I think it will be safe for me to vote in the upcoming municipal elections

[q22c] To what extent do you agree or disagree: The municipal elections should be held according to the original schedule in April 2021

[q22d] To what extent do you agree or disagree: The municipal elections should be postponed because of the coronavirus situation, so that everyone who wants to vote can do so

[q22e] To what extent do you agree or disagree: The municipal elections should have been held according to the original schedule in April 2021

[q22f] To what extent do you agree or disagree: It was the right decision to postpone the municipal elections, so that everyone who wants to vote can do so

[q22g] (IF q25=2-3) To what extent do you agree or disagree: In my opinion, election officials acted according to the instructions given at the polling station

[q22h] (IF q25=2-3) To what extent do you agree or disagree: In my opinion, voting at the polling stations was organised in a way that maintained health security

[q22i] To what extent do you agree or disagree: The way that the 2021 municipal elections were organised has weakened my trust in Finnish election committees

[q22j] To what extent do you agree or disagree: In my opinion, the general atmosphere of the debate surrounding the municipal elections has been respectful of others' opinions

[q23] How satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Finland?

[q24a] To what extent do you agree or disagree: The order and timetable presented in the Government's plan for lifting COVID-19 restrictions are appropriate

[q24b] To what extent do you agree or disagree: The Government's plan helps me plan my own life

[q24c] To what extent do you agree or disagree: The planned lifting of restrictions will help society and businesses to recover from the coronavirus crisis

[q25] Did you vote in the 2021 municipal elections?

[q26] (IF q25=1-3) Was your decision to vote or not to vote related to the coronavirus situation in your area?

[q27a] How useful do you think the following measures are to prevent the spread of COVID-19: Wearing a face mask in public indoor spaces (e.g. shops, workplaces, public transport)

[q27b] How useful do you think the following measures are to prevent the spread of COVID-19: Testing yourself with rapid antigen at-home tests before meeting friends or if you're experiencing symptoms (e.g. a runny nose, cough, fever)

[q27c] How useful do you think the following measures are to prevent the spread of COVID-19: Regularly airing or purifying the air in indoor spaces whose ventilation you have control over

[q27d] How useful do you think the following measures are to prevent the spread of COVID-19: Voluntarily quarantining for 10 days if you are experiencing symptoms (e.g. a runny nose, cough, fever) or after potential exposure to COVID-19

[q27e] How useful do you think the following measures are to prevent the spread of COVID-19: Avoiding meeting people who are not members of your own household in indoor spaces (e.g. cafes and apartments)

[q27f] How useful do you think the following measures are to prevent the spread of COVID-19: Informing acquaintances you've met in the past week about your results after a positive COVID-test

[q27g] How useful do you think the following measures are to prevent the spread of COVID-19: Avoiding public events

[q27h] How useful do you think the following measures are to prevent the spread of COVID-19: Requiring customers to present their COVID-19 certificate in order to gain entrance to restaurants and public events

[q28a] How easy or difficult is it / would it be for you to comply with the following measures: Wearing a face mask in public indoor spaces (e.g. shops, workplaces, public transport)

[q28b] How easy or difficult is it / would it be for you to comply with the following measures: Testing yourself with rapid antigen at-home tests before meeting friends or if you're experiencing symptoms (e.g. a runny nose, cough, fever)

[q28c] How easy or difficult is it / would it be for you to comply with the following measures: Regularly airing or purifying the air in indoor spaces whose ventilation you have control over

[q28d] How easy or difficult is it / would it be for you to comply with the following measures: Voluntarily quarantining for 10 days if you are experiencing symptoms (e.g. a runny nose, cough, fever) or after potential exposure to COVID-19

[q28e] How easy or difficult is it / would it be for you to comply with the following measures: Avoiding meeting people who are not members of your own household in indoor spaces (e.g. cafes and apartments)

[q28f] How easy or difficult is it / would it be for you to comply with the following measures: Informing acquaintances you've met in the past week about your results after a positive COVID-test

[q28g] How easy or difficult is it / would it be for you to comply with the following measures: Avoiding public events

[q28h] How easy or difficult is it / would it be for you to comply with the following measures: Requiring customers to present their COVID-19 certificate in order to gain entrance to restaurants and public events

[q29a] How long would you be willing to comply with the following measures: Wearing a face mask in public indoor spaces (e.g. shops, workplaces, public transport)

[q29b] How long would you be willing to comply with the following measures: Testing yourself with rapid antigen at-home tests before meeting friends or if you're experiencing symptoms (e.g. a runny nose, cough, fever)

[q29c] How long would you be willing to comply with the following measures: Regularly airing or purifying the air in indoor spaces whose ventilation you have control over

[q29d] How long would you be willing to comply with the following measures: Voluntarily quarantining for 10 days if you are experiencing symptoms (e.g. a runny nose, cough, fever) or after potential exposure to COVID-19

[q29e] How long would you be willing to comply with the following measures: Avoiding meeting people who are not members of your own household in indoor spaces (e.g. cafes and apartments)

[q29f] How long would you be willing to comply with the following measures: Informing acquaintances you've met in the past week about your results after a positive COVID-test

[q29g] How long would you be willing to comply with the following measures: Avoiding public events

[q29h] How long would you be willing to comply with the following measures: Requiring customers to present their COVID-19 certificate in order to gain entrance to restaurants and public events

[q30] Have you used public e-services in the past 12 months?

[q31a] To what extent do you agree or disagree: Public e-services have made my everyday life easier

[q31b] To what extent do you agree or disagree: It is safe to use public e-services

[kierros21] Collection round of Citizens' Pulse in 2021

[kierrospaino] Weight variable (collection round)

[vuosipaino] Weight variable (year)