Select variable

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[Q1A_1] No political party promotes issues that are important to me

[Q1A_2] Finland's ageing and diminishing population means that Finland needs to make immigration easier

[Q1A_3] Finland's Government has been poorly prepared for the second and third waves of COVID-19

[Q1A_4] Finland should increasingly manage its relationship with Russia through the EU, not bilaterally

[Q1A_5] Climate change is the biggest environmental threat of our time. In order to prevent it, every country must take immediate and effective measures

[Q1A_6] Currently, there is not much room left to enhance the efficiency of municipal service provision further

[Q1A_7] If more foreigners worked in Finland, our country would benefit from the useful international influences they bring

[Q1A_8] Municipal election debates focus nowadays too much on irrelevant topics, ignoring issues that are important to municipalities and residents

[Q1A_9] Immigration harms rather than benefits Finnish economy

[Q1A_10] If taxes were lowered, I would be willing to give up some of the services I receive from the state and municipalities

[Q1A_11] Finland should not participate in international debates which could jeopardise our good relationship with Russia

[Q1A_12] Morality in Finnish political life is unnecessarily criticised since most of our politicians are honest and conscientious people

[Q1A_13] Economic growth is the only way to ensure continuous well-being of citizens

[Q1A_14] Xenophobia and racist discussion have become commonplace in Finland

[Q1A_15] Democracy functions so well in Finland that there are no grounds for talking about citizens' lack of influence

[Q1A_16] It has become increasingly usual in politics to oversimplify and misrepresent issues and to downright lie about them

[Q1A_17] Finland should take care of its bilateral relationship with Russia, regardless of how the relationship between the EU and Russia develops

[Q1A_18] Finland's immigration policy is too strict and unwelcoming

[Q1B_1] Municipal services will improve if they are exposed to competition with corporations and third sector service providers

[Q1B_2] The information provided by the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) and other health care authorities is reliable

[Q1B_3] The debate on the coronavirus epidemic has been bordering on hysteria and has driven decision-makers to take excessive measures

[Q1B_4] Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have no reason to take a negative attitude to this big neighbour

[Q1B_5] Asylum seekers and employment-based immigration are two completely different issues that should be carefully kept separate

[Q1B_6] Most of our country's public services should be privatised in order to improve the efficiency of service provision

[Q1B_7] Finland's increasing labour shortage can only be solved with the help of foreign labour

[Q1B_8] Finland and the EU as a whole should tighten their immigration policy

[Q1B_9] It is in the best interest of citizens that municipalities provide most of their services on their own and only buy complementary services from outside sources

[Q1B_10] Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens

[Q1B_11] I am interested in the decision-making of my municipality and follow it actively

[Q1B_12] What is essential in public services is their availability to all citizens, not who provides them

[Q1B_13] The state regulates the lives of individuals too much

[Q1B_14] Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values

[Q1B_15] The information provided by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health (STM) is reliable

[Q1B_16] Decision-making bodies in municipalities have too many municipal employees as members, making decisions related to their own and other municipal members' work

[Q1B_17] Russia is an important trading partner for Finland, and our trade relations should not be weakened because of problems unrelated to economy

[Q1B_18] Even though the measures adopted by the Government to combat the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic have been exceptionally severe, I give them my full support

[Q1B_19] As the pandemic continues to persist, the probability of social unrest increases

[Q1C_1] I feel very alienated from the local government and decision-making in my municipality

[Q1C_2] The information conveyed to citizens by politicians is reliable

[Q1C_3] Increasing immigration to Finland brings us useful international influences

[Q1C_4] COVID-19 and its spread in Finland causes me anxiety and fear

[Q1C_5] The wariness Finnish people show towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism

[Q1C_6] A model based on freedom of choice should be adopted in public primary health care, where citizens can choose their place of treatment out of municipal health centres and private health care units

[Q1C_7] Finland's immigration policy is too strict and unwelcoming

[Q1C_8] I am willing to compromise my own standard of living and interests to help overcome the difficult economic situation caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic

[Q1C_9] After the pandemic crisis, the focus should be on improving employment rather than achieving climate objectives

[Q1C_10] The Government's decision to postpone the municipal elections from April to June was the right decision

[Q1C_11] Politics and democracy work better in municipal councils than in the parliament

[Q1C_12] It is in Finland's interests to participate in the EU recovery package that allocates grants and loans to member countries

[Q1C_13] The information conveyed to citizens by the authorities is reliable

[Q1C_14] Because organising social and health care will be the responsibility of the wellbeing services counties in the future, it would be right if they also had the power to collect taxes

[Q1C_15] The debate on immigration in Finland is not outspoken enough nor frank about the problems caused by immigration

[Q1C_16] I am interested in politics and follow it actively

[Q1C_17] It is a privilege to be a Finn

[Q1C_18] I hope that the coronavirus epidemic marks the beginning of development towards a permanently decreased level of consumption and travel

[Q1C_19] It is good that public social and health care will be provided by wellbeing services counties instead of municipalities

[Q2_1] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Parliament

[Q2_2] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Church

[Q2_3] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Judiciary system

[Q2_4] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Trade unions

[Q2_5] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Employers' organisations

[Q2_6] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Political parties

[Q2_7] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? The (current) government

[Q2_8] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? (Current) President of the Republic

[Q2_9] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? State/Government authorities

[Q2_10] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? European Union (EU)

[Q2_11] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Environmental organisations

[Q2_12] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Civic organisations in general

[Q2_13] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? The police

[Q2_14] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? The Finnish Defence Forces

[Q2_15] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Major companies, listed companies

[Q2_16] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Small companies, private entrepreneurs

[Q2_17] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Education system in Finland

[Q2_18] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Social security system

[Q2_19] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Market economy system

[Q2_20] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Banks, banking system

[Q2_21] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Social media services (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc.)

[Q2_22] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE)

[Q2_23] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Wikipedia

[Q2_24] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Newspaper Helsingin Sanomat

[Q2_25] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Google

[Q2_26] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? The TV channel MTV3

[Q2_27] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? The leading newspaper in your province of residence

[Q2_28] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? The Finnish media in general

[Q2_29] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? The health care system

[Q2_30] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)

[Q2_31] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Tabloid newspapers (Iltasanomat, Iltalehti etc.)

[Q2_32] How much do you trust the following institutions or actors? Researchers at universities

[Q3A] Where would you place yourself on the following scale: Political left - political right

[Q3B] Where would you place yourself on the following scale: Conservative - liberal

[Q4_1] Considering the current situation, do you think the following COVID-19 restrictions and recommendations are/would be too strict, appropriate, or too relaxed? Travel restrictions when travelling from abroad to Finland

[Q4_2] Considering the current situation, do you think the following restrictions and recommendations imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 are/would be too strict, appropriate, or too relaxed? Banning public events

[Q4_3] Considering the current situation, do you think the following restrictions and recommendations imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 are/would be too strict, appropriate, or too relaxed? Face mask recommendation

[Q4_4] Considering the current situation, do you think the following restrictions and recommendations imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 are/would be too strict, appropriate, or too relaxed? Remote work recommendation

[Q4_5] Considering the current situation, do you think the following restrictions and recommendations imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 are/would be too strict, appropriate, or too relaxed? Restrictions on private events

[Q4_6] Considering the current situation, do you think the following restrictions and recommendations imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 are/would be too strict, appropriate, or too relaxed? Closing down public spaces

[Q4_7] Considering the current situation, do you think the following COVID-19 restrictions and recommendations are/would be too strict, appropriate, or too relaxed? Restricting the number of passengers on public transport

[Q4_8] Considering the current situation, do you think the following COVID-19 restrictions and recommendations are/would be too strict, appropriate, or too relaxed? Suspending hobbies for children and young people

[Q4_9] Considering the current situation, do you think the following restrictions and recommendations imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 are/would be too strict, appropriate, or too relaxed? Closing down sports facilities

[Q4_10] Considering the current situation, do you think the following restrictions and recommendations imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 are/would be too strict, appropriate, or too relaxed? Schools switching to remote learning

[Q4_11] Considering the current situation, do you think the following restrictions and recommendations imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 are/would be too strict, appropriate, or too relaxed? Closing down restaurants

[Q4_12] Considering the current situation, do you think the following restrictions and recommendations imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 are/would be too strict, appropriate, or too relaxed? Face mask mandate

[Q4_13] Considering the current situation, do you think the following restrictions and recommendations imposed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 are/would be too strict, appropriate, or too relaxed? Curfews/restrictions on movement

[Q5_1] How would you rate the following actors in terms of their actions, views and proposals regarding the COVID-19 crisis? President Sauli Niinistö

[Q5_2] How would you rate the following actors in terms of their actions, views and proposals regarding the COVID-19 crisis? Prime Minister Sanna Marin

[Q5_3] How would you rate the following actors in terms of their actions, views and proposals regarding the COVID-19 crisis? Minister of Family Affairs and Social Services Krista Kiuru

[Q5_4] How would you rate the following actors in terms of their actions, views and proposals regarding the COVID-19 crisis? Minister of Science and Culture Annika Saarikko

[Q5_5] How would you rate the following actors in terms of their actions, views and proposals regarding the COVID-19 crisis? Minister of Finance Matti Vanhanen

[Q5_6] How would you rate the following actors in terms of their actions, views and proposals regarding the COVID-19 crisis? Minister of Social Affairs and Health Aino-Kaisa Pekonen

[Q5_7] How would you rate the following actors in terms of their actions, views and proposals regarding the COVID-19 crisis? Minister of the Interior Maria Ohisalo

[Q5_8] How would you rate the following actors in terms of their actions, views and proposals regarding the COVID-19 crisis? Minister of Economic Affairs Mika Lintilä

[Q5_9] How would you rate the following actors in terms of their actions, views and proposals regarding the COVID-19 crisis? Minister of Justice Anna-Maja Henriksson

[Q5_10] How would you rate the following actors in terms of their actions, views and proposals regarding the COVID-19 crisis? Minister of Education Jussi Saramo

[Q5_11] How would you rate the following actors in terms of their actions, views and proposals regarding the COVID-19 crisis? Representatives of Government parties in general

[Q5_12] How would you rate the following actors in terms of their actions, views and proposals regarding the COVID-19 crisis? Party Leader Petteri Orpo

[Q5_13] How would you rate the following actors in terms of their actions, views and proposals regarding the COVID-19 crisis? Party Leader Jussi Halla-aho

[Q5_14] How would you rate the following actors in terms of their actions, views and proposals regarding the COVID-19 crisis? Representatives of opposition parties in general

[Q6_1] A remote work / teleworking recommendation has been issued in Finland because of the COVID-19 pandemic. How have you worked during the last few weeks? I work at my workplace as usual

[Q6_2] A remote work / teleworking recommendation has been issued in Finland because of the COVID-19 pandemic. How have you worked during the last few weeks? I have been teleworking the whole time

[Q6_3] A remote work / teleworking recommendation has been issued in Finland because of the COVID-19 pandemic. How have you worked during the last few weeks? I have been teleworking part of the time

[Q6_4] A remote work / teleworking recommendation has been issued in Finland because of the COVID-19 pandemic. How have you worked during the last few weeks? Teleworking is not possible in my work

[Q6_5] A remote work / teleworking recommendation has been issued in Finland because of the COVID-19 pandemic. How have you worked during the last few weeks? I work part-time, because there is less work

[Q6_6] A remote work / teleworking recommendation has been issued in Finland because of the COVID-19 pandemic. How have you worked during the last few weeks? I work overtime, because there is a lot of work

[Q6_7] A remote work / teleworking recommendation has been issued in Finland. How have you worked during the last few weeks? I do not work, because I have been temporarily laid off or my workplace has been closed

[Q6_8] A remote work / teleworking recommendation has been issued in Finland because of the COVID-19 pandemic. How have you worked during the last few weeks? I'm not in paid employment

[Q7A_1] In your opinion, how serious a threat to health is the coronavirus epidemic spreading currently in Finland? For you personally

[Q7A_2] In your opinion, how serious a threat to health is the coronavirus epidemic spreading currently in Finland? For people close to you

[Q7A_3] In your opinion, how serious a threat to health is the coronavirus epidemic spreading currently in Finland? For Finns in general

[Q7B_1] And how serious a threat do you think the coronavirus epidemic is for economy and financial circumstances? For you personally

[Q7B_2] And how serious a threat do you think the coronavirus epidemic is for economy and financial circumstances? For people close to you

[Q7B_3] And how serious a threat do you think the coronavirus epidemic is for economy and financial circumstances? For Finns in general

[Q7C_1] Do you personally know someone (family member, relative, friend, acquaintance, colleague) who has: Contracted COVID-19

[Q7C_2] Do you personally know someone (family member, relative, friend, acquaintance, colleague) who has: Been hospitalised because of COVID-19

[Q7C_3] Do you personally know someone (family member, relative, friend, acquaintance, colleague) who has: Died of COVID-19

[Q7D_1] Have you personally experienced the following? I believe I have contracted COVID-19, although it hasn't been confirmed with a test

[Q7D_2] Have you personally experienced the following? I have tested positive for COVID-19 with a coronavirus/antibody test, but haven't had any symptoms

[Q7D_3] Have you personally experienced the following? I have tested positive for COVID-19 and recovered from the disease at home

[Q7D_4] Have you personally experienced the following? I have been hospitalised because of COVID-19

[Q8] When do you think life in Finland will more or less return to normal and the coronavirus restrictions can be lifted?

[Q9_1] To what extent do the following statements describe your attitude towards the coronavirus vaccine and vaccines in general? I trust that the effectiveness and safety of the coronavirus vaccines have been ensured

[Q9_2] To what extent do the following statements describe your attitude towards the coronavirus vaccine and vaccines in general? I'm concerned about the potential side effects of the coronavirus vaccine

[Q9_3] To what extent do the following statements describe your attitude towards the coronavirus vaccine and vaccines in general? I don't believe I need a coronavirus vaccine

[Q9_4] To what extent do the following statements describe your attitude towards the coronavirus vaccine and vaccines in general? Opposing attitudes towards vaccines are based on false information and prejudice

[Q9_5] To what extent do the following statements describe your attitude towards the coronavirus vaccine and vaccines in general? I haven't received enough information on the coronavirus vaccine

[Q9_6] To what extent do the following statements describe your attitude towards the coronavirus vaccine and vaccines in general? Everyone has a responsibility to get the coronavirus vaccine to protect others

[Q9_7] To what extent do the following statements describe your attitude towards the coronavirus vaccine and vaccines in general? I don't usually get any vaccines

[Q9_8] To what extent do the following statements describe your attitude towards the coronavirus vaccine and vaccines in general? It should be mandatory to get the coronavirus vaccine

[Q9_9] To what extent do the following statements describe your attitude towards the coronavirus vaccine and vaccines in general? The coronavirus vaccines have been developed and tested too rapidly

[Q9_10] To what extent do the following statements describe your attitude towards the coronavirus vaccine and vaccines in general? Previous cases have shown that vaccines are never completely safe

[Q9_11] To what extent do the following statements describe your attitude towards the coronavirus vaccine and vaccines in general? Even if vaccines were found to have side effects, the benefits of vaccines always outweigh the harmful effects

[Q10A] What is your attitude towards personally getting the coronavirus vaccine?

[Q10B] How would you evaluate the progress of the coronavirus vaccine roll-out in your municipality? The vaccinations have been going...

[Q10C] And how well do you think your municipality has informed the residents of vaccinations against COVID-19? Information has been made available...

[Q11_1] There has been discussion on whether Finland's approach to procuring coronavirus vaccines is appropriate. Finland is doing the right thing by procuring the vaccines through the EU's centralised system for vaccine procurement

[Q11_2] The limited supply of coronavirus vaccines in Finland has prompted discussion on whether Finland's approach to procuring the vaccines is appropriate. Finland should buy vaccines directly from the western vaccine manufacturers

[Q11_3] The limited supply of coronavirus vaccines in Finland has prompted discussion on whether Finland's approach to procuring the vaccines is appropriate. Finland should buy the Russian Sputnik vaccines

[Q11_4] The limited supply of coronavirus vaccines in Finland has prompted discussion on whether Finland's approach to procuring the vaccines is appropriate. Finland should buy vaccines from Chinese vaccine manufacturers

[Q11_5] There has been discussion on whether Finland's approach to procuring coronavirus vaccines is appropriate. Finland should buy vaccines that have been proven to be efficient and safe from wherever they are available

[Q11_6] There has been discussion on whether Finland's approach to procuring coronavirus vaccines is appropriate. Our decision-makers have been passive in procuring vaccines and relied too much on the EU

[Q11_7] The limited supply of coronavirus vaccines in Finland has prompted discussion on whether Finland's approach to procuring the vaccines is appropriate. All in all, Finland has failed in procuring vaccines

[Q11_8] The limited supply of coronavirus vaccines in Finland has prompted discussion on whether Finland's approach to procuring the vaccines is appropriate. Finland should be manufacturing vaccines on its own

[Q11_9] The limited supply of coronavirus vaccines in Finland has prompted discussion on whether Finland's approach to procuring the vaccines is appropriate. Finland should hand over a part of its vaccine supply for use in developing countries

[Q11_10] The limited supply of coronavirus vaccines in Finland has prompted discussion on whether Finland's approach to procuring the vaccines is appropriate. All in all, the EU has failed in procuring vaccines

[Q12A] How important an issue would you say the municipal tax rate in your municipality is to you?

[Q12B] What is your opinion on the municipal tax rate in your municipality if you consider the services provided by the municipality (quantity and quality of services)?

[Q12C] Social and health care reform removes some tasks from the municipalities as well as the corresponding tax income. Please assess the development of municipal tax in your municipality in the future.

[Q13_1] Measures to balance public finances need to be implemented during the current parliamentary term

[Q13_2] Public finances should be balanced by raising taxes

[Q13_3] Public finances should be balanced by cutting expenditure

[Q14_1] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Good neighbour and cooperation partner

[Q14_2] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Major military threat

[Q14_3] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Developing democracy

[Q14_4] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Dictatorship with a strong central control

[Q14_5] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unstable and unpredictable

[Q14_6] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Important trade partner

[Q14_7] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unreliable contractual partner

[Q14_8] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Russian citizens are pleasant people

[Q14_9] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Developing quickly and becoming rapidly more affluent

[Q14_10] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unequal, large income and welfare disparity

[Q14_11] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Part of the European cultural sphere

[Q15A] What is your attitude towards Finland's EU membership nowadays?

[Q15B] And what is your attitude towards the fact that our currency was changed from the Finnish mark to the euro?

[Q15C] Do you think that the euro and the EMU membership are an advantage or disadvantage to Finland in the current economic situation?

[Q15D] If a referendum on Finland's EU membership was held now, would you be in favour of the membership or against it?

[T1] Respondent's gender

[T2] Respondent's age group

[T3] Population in respondent's municipality of residence

[T4] Respondent's region of residence (NUTS3)

[T5] Type of respondent's employer (current or latest)

[T6] Respondent's working hours

[T7] Respondent's work contract

[T8] Respondent's basic education

[T9] Respondent's vocational/professional education

[T10] Respondent's economic activity and occupational status

[T11] Respondent's current or latest industry of employment

[T12] Are you a member of a federation of trade unions/professional organisations?

[T12B] Which federation of trade unions/professional organisations are you a member of?

[T13] If parliamentary elections were held now, which political party or group would you vote for?

[T14] Which social class would you say you belong to?

[bv1] The total gross annual income of the respondent's household

[bv2] Year of birth

[kunta] Municipality of residence

[paino] Weighting coefficient