Select variable

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[Q1A_1] Climate change is the biggest environmental threat of our time. In order to prevent it, every country must take immediate and effective measures.

[Q1A_2] Changes in energy prices are part of the market economy. Government bodies should not try to reduce the prices or compensate them to citizens.

[Q1A_3] Finland has to take quick measures to reduce its rapidly growing national debt, whatever cuts in benefits and welfare it may require

[Q1A_4] Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have currently no reason to take a negative attitude to this big neighbour

[Q1A_5] The Government's recent policies relating to state-owned companies and ownership steering have been successful

[Q1A_6] Even though good social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare state is always good value for money

[Q1A_7] NATO's security guarantees form such a strong deterrent that no-one dares to threaten its member countries

[Q1A_8] The best way to increase Finland's electric power generation is to construct new nuclear power plants

[Q1A_9] Nowadays, the market economy functions for the benefit of all Finnish citizens

[Q1A_10] Even though rising energy prices are harmful in many ways, they are also beneficial in guiding people to save energy and in accelerating the transition away from fossil energy sources

[Q1A_11] In their labour dispute, the nurses' trade unions did wrong when they threatened home care services and hospital intensive care units with strikes that could have harmed patients and those in care

[Q1A_12] Inflation is not a big problem since it will eventually lead to consequent increases in wages and salaries

[Q1A_13] Finland should be capable of ensuring its own security in all circumstances, others cannot help us

[Q1A_14] Although the capitalist market economy is unstable, it is in practice the only possible economic system

[Q1A_15] I'm satisfied with the way our decision-makers have acted in matters related to the aggression against Ukraine

[Q1A_16] I would be willing to make changes in my own way of life to fight climate change if I could be certain that other citizens would also do the same

[Q1A_17] Finnish trade unions and professional associations use the right to strike judiciously and responsibly nowadays

[Q1A_18] I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollution and environmental problems

[Q1A_19] Even though the safety net comprised of public services is important, private business activity is the driving force and maintainer of welfare in society

[Q1A_20] Finland must oppose the EU's efforts to regulate and restrict the use of Finnish forests

[Q1B_1] The state of the climate and oceans depends on other countries, Finland and the Finns cannot do much for them

[Q1B_2] Even though forestry is important, forest logging should be significantly reduced in Finland to mitigate climate change and preserve biodiversity

[Q1B_3] There are too many strikes in Finnish workplaces which harms the status of our country in international markets and as a destination for investment

[Q1B_4] NATO membership considerably increases Finland's attractiveness as an investment destination

[Q1B_5] The fact is that rising prices are a normal phenomenon in economy and all citizens and households should just reconcile themselves to it

[Q1B_6] Finland has not supported Ukraine enough in its war against the attacker nation Russia

[Q1B_7] Even though the measures taken by the government to lower energy prices in the coming winter may cost up to billions, I fully support them

[Q1B_8] Finland is currently just as attractive a destination for business investment as the other Nordic countries

[Q1B_9] The right to strike is a fundamental right which must not be limited in any circumstances

[Q1B_10] Finnish universities should introduce tuition fees

[Q1B_11] The debate on energy crisis has been bordering on hysteria and has driven decision-makers to take excessive measures

[Q1B_12] If Finland falls into a severe energy crisis, I'm willing to save energy and reduce my standard of living

[Q1B_13] The role of government has grown too large in economy

[Q1B_14] Economic growth is the only way to produce continuous well-being

[Q1B_15] There is so much dubious information going around on climate change and the ways it can be influenced that it is hard to estimate the impact of one's own actions

[Q1B_16] All Finnish state-owned enterprises should gradually be privatised

[Q1B_17] Finland should be open to all kinds of cooperation within NATO, including NATO military bases located on its soil

[Q1B_18] It should be possible to forbid strikes that greatly inconvenience outsiders

[Q1B_19] The free-market economy as we know it has come to the end of its road and should be abolished

[Q1B_20] The break-up of relations between Finland and Russia weakens the attractiveness of our country as an investment destination

[Q1C_1] Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces

[Q1C_2] Finland has the moral responsibility to be in the vanguard of tackling the climate change

[Q1C_3] At present Finland is living too much on debt and, as a consequence, will face great problems later on

[Q1C_4] Government should compensate citizens and households for losses caused by unreasonably rapid increases in consumer prices

[Q1C_5] The next government should approve all applications for nuclear power plants that meet the current licensing conditions

[Q1C_6] The energy crisis shows that energy production, transmission and distribution are so important that they should become state-owned operations

[Q1C_7] Finland would receive more investment than now if the taxation level for businesses and their owners were lowered

[Q1C_8] NATO membership does not guarantee that other countries would eventually help Finland in a real-life crisis

[Q1C_9] The energy and environmental policy of the EU does not take into account the special circumstances in Finland and will therefore become excessively expensive for our country

[Q1C_10] As a neighbour of the unstable Russia, it would be safer for Finland to be a member of NATO than unallied

[Q1C_11] Citizens and consumers benefit from free competition in the market because competition improves efficiency and decreases prices

[Q1C_12] Our welfare threatens to dwindle if Finland does not get more investment than it gets now

[Q1C_13] The EU must be the leading actor in international environmental policy

[Q1C_14] Finland's natural resources (forests, mines) could be utilised much more than currently to attract investment to Finland

[Q1C_15] It is decision-makers who must make the decisions and actions required to slow down climate change, they cannot push the responsibility on the shoulders of individual citizens

[Q1C_16] It does not greatly matter if Finland's public debt grows since interest rates will remain low long into the future

[Q1C_17] The government did wrong when it strove to prevent nurses from carrying out legal strikes in home care services and intensive care units of hospitals

[Q1C_18] When Finland becomes a NATO member, permanent NATO military bases should not be located in our country

[Q1C_19] Climate policies and measures must be put on hold for now since we need all energy we can get hold of

[Q1C_20] Use of nuclear power must be abandoned altogether by shutting down the nuclear power plants that are currently in use

[Q2_1] How threatening do you think rising energy prices are from the viewpoint of the economy and livelihood: For you personally

[Q2_2] How threatening do you think rising energy prices are from the viewpoint of the economy and livelihood: For the people close to you

[Q2_3] How threatening do you think rising energy prices are from the viewpoint of the economy and livelihood: For Finns in general

[Q2B_1] Electricity supply may need to be rationed at times in the coming winter. How problematic do you think potential power cuts would be for everyday life? For you personally

[Q2B_2] Electricity supply may need to be rationed at times in the coming winter. How problematic do you think potential power cuts would be for everyday life? For the people close to you

[Q2B_3] Electricity supply may need to be rationed at times in the coming winter. How problematic do you think potential power cuts would be for everyday life? For Finns in general

[Q2C] What is the main heating system in your home?

[Q3_1] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps to adapt to more expensive energy? Reduce hot water use in your household (shorter showers etc.)

[Q3_2] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps? Reduce electricity use, turn off unnecessary lights and electronic devices

[Q3_3] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps to adapt to more expensive energy? Lower the temperature at home

[Q3_4] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps to adapt to more expensive energy? Use electricity at times when it is cheaper (at night etc.)

[Q3_5] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps? Improve the energy efficiency of your home (windows, insulation etc.)

[Q3_6] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps to adapt to more expensive energy? Reduce your own/family's use of recreational electronics

[Q3_7] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps to adapt to more expensive energy? Pay more attention to energy consumption in your household

[Q3_8] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps? Reduce time spent in the sauna or the number of times heating it

[Q3_9] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps? Switch to a cheaper/more energy efficient heating system at home

[Q3_10] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps? Acquire renewable energy sources to your home (heat pumps, solar panels)

[Q3_11] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps to adapt to more expensive energy? Participate in protests to get energy prices lowered

[Q3_12] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps to adapt to more expensive energy? Will move to a smaller/more energy efficient housing

[Q3_13] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps? Vote for politicians and parties promising to lower energy costs

[Q3_14] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps? Will not change your energy use, will cut down other expenses

[Q3_15] It is possible that in the future energy costs will remain higher permanently. How likely is it that you will undertake the following steps? Will not do anything, the matter is of little relevance to you

[Q4_1] There has been a lot of discussion recently about energy production and the pressure to change it. What is your attitude to the following production methods for electricity/heating? Wind power

[Q4_2] There has been a lot of discussion recently about energy production and the pressure to change it. What is your attitude to the following production methods for electricity/heating? Solar power

[Q4_3] There has been a lot of discussion recently about energy production and the pressure to change it. What is your attitude to the following production methods for electricity/heating? Peat

[Q4_4] There has been a lot of discussion recently about energy production and the pressure to change it. What is your attitude to the following production methods for electricity/heating? Electricity imported from Russia

[Q4_5] There has been a lot of discussion recently about energy production and the pressure to change it. What is your attitude to the following production methods for electricity/heating? Biogas

[Q4_6] There has been a lot of discussion recently about energy production and the pressure to change it. What is your attitude to the following production methods for electricity/heating? Nuclear power

[Q4_7] There has been a lot of discussion recently about energy production and the pressure to change it. What is your attitude to the following production methods for electricity/heating? Electricity imported from Nordic countries and Estonia

[Q4_8] There has been a lot of discussion recently about energy production and the pressure to change it. What is your attitude to the following production methods for electricity/heating? Hydropower

[Q4_9] There has been a lot of discussion recently about energy production and the pressure to change it. What is your attitude to the following production methods for electricity/heating? Waste heat from equipment and machines

[Q4_10] There has been a lot of discussion recently about energy production and the pressure to change it. What is your attitude to the following production methods for electricity/heating? Natural gas

[Q4_11] What is your attitude to the following production methods for electricity/heating? Geothermal/ground source or aerothermal/air source heat pumps

[Q4_12] There has been a lot of discussion recently about energy production and the pressure to change it. What is your attitude to the following production methods for electricity/heating? Woodfuel (wood chips, pellets, firewood)

[Q4_13] There has been a lot of discussion recently about energy production and the pressure to change it. What is your attitude to the following production methods for electricity/heating? Coal power

[Q4_14] There has been a lot of discussion recently about energy production and the pressure to change it. What is your attitude to the following production methods for electricity/heating? Oil

[Q5] How would you describe your household's income / present financial situation?

[Q6_1] Estimates made for the short-term development of the Finnish economy differ. In what way do you expect the following aspects of the Finnish and your own economy to develop over the next 6 months? Consumer prices

[Q6_2] Estimates made for the short-term development of the Finnish economy differ. In what way do you expect the following aspects of the Finnish and your own economy to develop over the next 6 months? Wages

[Q6_3] Estimates made for the short-term development of the Finnish economy differ. In what way do you expect the following aspects of the Finnish and your own economy to develop over the next 6 months? Economic growth

[Q6_4] Estimates made for the short-term development of the Finnish economy differ. In what way do you expect the following aspects of the Finnish and your own economy to develop over the next 6 months? Interest rates

[Q6_5] Estimates made for the short-term development of the Finnish economy differ. In what way do you expect the following aspects of the Finnish and your own economy to develop over the next 6 months? Unemployment

[Q6_6] Estimates made for the short-term development of the Finnish economy differ. In what way do you expect the following aspects of the Finnish and your own economy to develop over the next 6 months? Expenses/costs of your own household

[Q6_7] Estimates made for the short-term development of the Finnish economy differ. In what way do you expect the following aspects of the Finnish and your own economy to develop over the next 6 months? Value of your savings

[Q6_8] Estimates made for the short-term development of the Finnish economy differ. In what way do you expect the following aspects of the Finnish and your own economy to develop over the next 6 months? Your own standard of living

[Q7_1] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Significant wage increases

[Q7_2] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Financial support to households for energy costs

[Q7_3] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Cutting value added tax (VAT) rates

[Q7_4] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Cutting the VAT rate on food

[Q7_5] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Lowering interest rates

[Q7_6] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Cutting public spending

[Q7_7] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Abolishing sanctions against Russia

[Q7_8] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Implementing housing rent ceilings (upper limits)

[Q7_9] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Re-implementing tax deductions for home loan interests

[Q7_10] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Raising income taxes

[Q7_11] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Wage restraint, only moderate increases in pay

[Q7_12] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Raising interest rates

[Q7_13] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Price control for the fastest-rising commodities

[Q7_14] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Additional child benefit payments

[Q7_15] Due to rapidly rising consumer prices, various measures have been suggested to stabilise the economy and support households. What do you think of the following measures proposed? Cutting income taxes significantly

[Q8_1] Finnish public sector has more expenses than revenue. What do you think of following ways to balance the budget? Measures for balancing the public finances should be initiated immediately after the parliamentary elections next spring

[Q8_2] Finnish public sector has more expenses than revenue. What do you think of following ways to balance the budget? The public finances should be balanced by raising taxes

[Q8_3] Finnish public sector has more expenses than revenue. What do you think of following ways to balance the budget? The public finances should be balanced by cutting spending

[Q9_1] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Parliament

[Q9_2] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Office of the President of the Republic of Finland

[Q9_3] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Government ministers and their assistants

[Q9_4] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Government officials

[Q9_5] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Political party subsidies

[Q9_6] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Development cooperation

[Q9_7] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: The judiciary and prisons

[Q9_8] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: The police and the Border Guard

[Q9_9] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Immigration and integration of migrants

[Q9_10] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Defence forces, national defence

[Q9_11] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Yle (Finnish Broadcasting Company)

[Q9_12] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Social welfare services and health care

[Q9_13] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Early childhood education

[Q9_14] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Primary and secondary education

[Q9_15] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Higher/university education

[Q9_16] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Science and research

[Q9_17] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Art and culture

[Q9_18] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Sports and exercise

[Q9_19] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Developing rural areas

[Q9_20] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: National aid for farmers

[Q9_21] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Roads, rails and other transport infrastructure

[Q9_22] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Business subsidies for research and development activities

[Q9_23] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Business subsidies for advancing the green transition

[Q9_24] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Financial support for businesses (e.g. electricity subsidy)

[Q9_25] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Employment Offices and their services

[Q9_26] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Unemployment benefits

[Q9_27] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Parental and family benefits

[Q9_28] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Child home care allowance/benefit

[Q9_29] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Housing allowance/benefit

[Q9_30] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Social assistance/income support

[Q9_31] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Financial aid for students/education grant

[Q9_32] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Health insurance (Kela benefits and allowances)

[Q9_33] The public finances may need to be balanced in the near future also by cutting spending. Estimate to what extent the following expenses could be cut: Nature conservation

[Q10_1] There has been discussion about climate actions citizens can do to limit global warming. How possible do you think taking the following actions would be in your current situation? Giving up eating meat

[Q10_2] There has been discussion about climate actions citizens can do to limit global warming. How possible do you think taking the following actions would be in your current situation? Giving up using private car

[Q10_3] There has been discussion about climate actions citizens can do to limit global warming. How possible do you think taking the following actions would be in your current situation? Using renewable energy at home

[Q10_4] There has been discussion about climate actions citizens can do to limit global warming. How possible do you think taking the following actions would be in your current situation? Giving up flying

[Q10_5] How possible do you think taking the following actions would be in your current situation? Halving the consumption of personal goods (e.g. clothes)

[Q10_6] There has been discussion about climate actions citizens can do to limit global warming. How possible do you think taking the following actions would be in your current situation? Giving up petrol or diesel car

[Q10_7] There has been discussion about climate actions citizens can do to limit global warming. How possible do you think taking the following actions would be in your current situation? Offsetting air travel emissions fully by extra payments

[Q10_8] There has been discussion about climate actions citizens can do to limit global warming. How possible do you think taking the following actions would be in your current situation? Reducing energy use at home (e.g. lowering temperature)

[Q10_9] There has been discussion about climate actions citizens can do to limit global warming. How possible do you think taking the following actions would be in your current situation? Giving up eating dairy products

[Q10_10] How possible do you think taking the following actions would be in your current situation? Financing increase of carbon sinks (e.g. afforestation projects)

[Q10_11] There has been discussion about climate actions citizens can do to limit global warming. How possible do you think taking the following actions would be in your current situation? Exchanging petrol/diesel car to a fully electric car

[Q10_12] There has been discussion about climate actions citizens can do to limit global warming. How possible do you think taking the following actions would be in your current situation? Working remotely as much as possible

[Q10_13] There has been discussion about climate actions citizens can do to limit global warming. How possible do you think taking the following actions would be in your current situation? Moving to a smaller home

[Q10_14] There has been discussion about climate actions citizens can do to limit global warming. How possible do you think taking the following actions would be in your current situation? Changing your job to one closer to home

[Q11A] What is your current opinion on Finland's NATO membership?

[Q11B] If a referendum on Finland's NATO membership was held now, would you be in favour of the membership or against it?

[Q12_1] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Well-known and interesting country

[Q12_2] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Size of Finland's domestic market

[Q12_3] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Availability of competent, skillful workforce

[Q12_4] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Competence and skills of the workforce, innovativeness

[Q12_5] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Attitudes towards immigrants

[Q12_6] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Security situation in society

[Q12_7] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Availability of raw materials

[Q12_8] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Quality and condition of the infrastructure (roads, rails etc.)

[Q12_9] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Regulations and legal practice

[Q12_10] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Technological competence level

[Q12_11] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Geographical proximity of Russia

[Q12_12] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Attitudes towards business activity

[Q12_13] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Quality of public administration

[Q12_14] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Education level

[Q12_15] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Level of digitalisation

[Q12_16] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Taxation level

[Q12_17] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? State of public finances

[Q12_18] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? NATO membership

[Q12_19] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Energy prices

[Q12_20] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Stability of society

[Q12_21] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Finland's geographical location

[Q12_22] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Quality of the living environment

[Q12_23] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Transportation costs

[Q12_24] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Functionality of the political system

[Q12_25] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Foreign language skills of the population

[Q12_26] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Knowledge of and familiarity with other cultures

[Q12_27] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Quality of the education system

[Q12_28] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Finnish culture and lifestyle

[Q12_29] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Smoothness of labour immigration processes

[Q12_30] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Cost competitiveness

[Q12_31] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Labour market practices

[Q12_32] Many factors affect how attractive businesses see Finland as an investment destination. Are the following strengths or weaknesses when Finland competes for investments? Business taxation level and its stability

[Q13A] What is your attitude towards Finland's EU membership nowadays?

[Q13B] And what is your attitude towards the fact that our currency was changed from the Finnish mark to the euro?

[T1] Respondent's gender

[T2] Respondent's age group

[T3] Population in respondent's municipality of residence

[T4] Respondent's region of residence (NUTS3)

[T5] Type of respondent's employer (current or most recent)

[T6] Respondent's working hours

[T7] Respondent's employment contract

[T8] Respondent's basic education

[T9] Respondent's vocational education

[T10] Respondent's socio-economic status

[T11] Respondent's industry of employment (current or most recent)

[T12] Respondent's federation of trade unions membership

[T12B] Federation of trade union the respondent is a member of

[T13] If parliamentary elections were held now, the candidate of which political party would you vote for?

[T14] Which social class would you say you belong to?

[T15] What is your mother tongue?

[bv2] Respondent's year of birth

[bv1] The total gross annual income of the respondent's household

[kunta] Municipality code

[paino] Weighting coefficient