Study title

Citizen's opinion: Covid-19 and Nato 2022

Dataset ID Number

FSD3969

Persistent identifiers

https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3969
https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3969

Data Type

Quantitative

Authors

• Grönlund, Kimmo (Åbo Akademi University)
• Finnish Research Infrastructure for Public Opinion (FIRIPO)

Abstract

The data was used to map the opinions of Finnish individuals regarding measures taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19, NATO membership, the Defence Forces, and other themes related to security policy and military conflicts in May 2022. The data was collected as part of the Public Opinion Panel, which is part of The Finnish Research Infrastructure for Public Opinion (FIRIPO).

The questionnaire first asked respondents about their opinions on the targeting and fairness of COVID-19 measures. For example, respondents were asked whether the measures had prioritized economic considerations at the expense of public health, or vice versa. They were also asked whether the measures had been proportionate both at the time of data collection in May 2022 and since the beginning of the pandemic. The questionnaire also explored respondents' views on how various actors, such as the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) or different ministers, had handled the COVID-19 situation.

Next, the questionnaire examined respondents' opinions on NATO membership, the Defence Forces, and Russia's impact on Finland's security. Respondents were also asked whether Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 or the general developments in Russia caused them concern. Finally, respondents were asked to assess how the military situation in Finland's neighboring regions might develop over the next ten years.

Background variables in the dataset include the respondent's gender, native language, region, age, age group, and level of education.

Keywords

COVID-19; NATO; armed forces; defence and state security policy; institutions; international conflict; military operations; policy; war

Topic Classification

• Social sciences (Fields of Science Classification)
• Health care services and policies (CESSDA Topic Classification)
• Public health (CESSDA Topic Classification)
• Conflict, security and peace (CESSDA Topic Classification)

Series

FIRIPO Citizens' Opinion

Distributor

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Access

The dataset is (D) available only by permission from the data depositor/creator.

Data Collector

• Citizens' Opinion

Funders

• Academy of Finland (345714)

Time Period Covered

2022

Collection Dates

2022-05-17 – 2022-05-24

Nation

Finland

Geographical Coverage

Finland

Analysis/Observation Unit Type

Individual

Universe

People aged over 18 residing in Finland

Time Method

Cross-section

Sampling Procedure

Mixed probability and non-probability

The sample consists of the entire Public Opinion Panel, which had over four thousand participants at the time of the survey. Most of the panel participants have been recruited using various probability sampling methods. A small portion of the participants have been recruited through non-probability sampling methods, for example via self-recruitment forms advertised on social media.

Collection Mode

Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI)

Research Instrument

Structured questionnaire

Response Rate

51.8

Data File Language

Downloaded data package may contain different language versions of the same files.

The data files of this dataset are available in the following languages: Finnish.

FSD translates quantitative data into English on request, free of charge. More information on ordering data translation.

Data Version

1.0

Weighting

The dataset includes a weighting variable called vikt, which adjusts the data based on gender, native language, education, age group, and region. The weights are designed to align the sample distributions more closely with those of the target population. The weights are capped so that the maximum weight for any individual row is 5.

Citation Requirement

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Bibliographical Citation

Grönlund, Kimmo (Åbo Akademi University) & Finnish Research Infrastructure for Public Opinion (FIRIPO): Citizen's opinion: Covid-19 and Nato 2022 [dataset]. Data version 1.0 (2025-06-03). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3969; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3969

Deposit Requirement

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Special Terms and Conditions for Access

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

Disclaimer

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

FSD has not been informed of any publications related to the data.