Study title

Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence 2025

Dataset ID Number

FSD4066

Persistent identifiers

https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4066
https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd4066

Data Type

Quantitative

Authors

• Advisory Board for Defence Information (ABDI)

Abstract

The annual Finnish Opinions on Security Policy National Defence survey charted Finnish public opinion on foreign policy, defence policy, security, military alliances, military service, and international armed conflicts at the time of the survey. Some questions examined views on factors affecting safety and security. This survey round also included questions about the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Opinions were charted on the success of foreign policy in the previous few years, funds allocated to the Defence Forces, whether Finland should resort to armed defence in case of any sort of attack, whether the respondents would be prepared to participate in national defence according to their abilities, and how the global security situation would develop in the next five years. Views were probed on the current, conscription-based defence system. Satisfaction with defence policy in the previous few years was also investigated.

The respondents were asked to evaluate the impact of several countries and organisations, such as Russia, China, US, UN, NATO and EU, on Finland's security. Views on how the military situation in nearby regions would develop during the next decade were also examined. The respondents were asked whether their trust in the future of the European Union had weakened, strengthened or stayed the same. Additionally, the respondents' trust in the ability of the Finnish Defence Forces to defend Finland against military threats was examined. Views were probed on how diplomacy, EU defence cooperation, EU defence industrial collaboration, international crisis management, and Nordic defence cooperation contributed to Finland's security alongside NATO membership.

Next, concerns caused by certain phenomena and issues were charted, such as withdrawals from arms controls agreements, climate change, various infectious diseases and epidemics, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, organised crime, international terrorism, inflation, cyberthreats, development of artificial intelligence, political extremism, racism and current developments in Russia, the US, the Middle East and the Baltic Sea regions. On the topic of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the respondents were asked whether the EU and its member states should continue to offer military and financial support to Ukraine and impose sanctions on Russia. The respondents were also asked whether other NATO states should be ready to defend Finland in case of an armed attack on Finland and whether Finland should be prepared to defend other NATO states in case of an armed attack on another NATO state.

Finally, the respondents were asked about Finnish society's preparedness for crises, their own capacity to cope in such situations, and whether they believed the United States would defend Finland or other European countries under NATO obligations.

Background variables included, among others, the respondent's gender, age, economic activity and occupational status, household composition, ages of children living at home, gross annual income of the household, level of education, region of residence and political party choice.

Keywords

NATO; armed forces; conscription; defence; defence and state security policy; foreign policy; foreign relations; international alliances; international conflict; national security; resilience; war

Topic Classification

• Social sciences (Fields of Science Classification)
• Conflict, security and peace (CESSDA Topic Classification)
• International politics and organisations (CESSDA Topic Classification)
• Political behaviour and attitudes (CESSDA Topic Classification)

Series

Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence

Distributor

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Access

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

Data Collector

• Taloustutkimus

Time Period Covered

2025

Collection Dates

2025-09-11 – 2025-10-07

Nation

Finland

Geographical Coverage

Finland

Analysis/Observation Unit Type

Individual

Universe

People aged 15 and over living in Finland (excluding the Åland Islands)

Time Method

Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section

Sampling Procedure

Non-probability: Quota

Respondents were drawn using quota sampling with quotas based on age, gender, major region of residence (NUTS2) and type of municipality. The sample was weighted to represent the target population.

The study was conducted as a combination of personal interviews by Omnibus Research and an online panel by Taloustutkimus. The personal interviews were conducted between September 11 and October 6, 2025. Interviews were conducted in 51 locations, of which 35 were cities and 16 were other municipalities. A total of 514 personal interviews were conducted. Panel responses were collected between September 30 and October 7, 2025. A total of 9,035 invitations were sent to panel respondents, resulting in a response rate of 6.2% for the panel section. In total, 558 panel responses were received.

Collection Mode

Face-to-face interview: Computer-assisted (CAPI/CAMI)

Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI)

Research Instrument

Structured questionnaire

Data File Language

Downloaded data package may contain different language versions of the same files.

The data files of this dataset are available in the following languages: Finnish.

FSD translates quantitative data into English on request, free of charge. More information on ordering data translation.

Data Version

1.0

Completeness of Data and Restrictions

To prevent identification of respondents, the variables denoting municipality of residence and number of children living in the household (bv10) were removed from the data. Additionally, the variable denoting household size (bv12) was top-coded. In the variables denoting the ages of the children in the household (bv9_1-bv9_18), the answers of respondents with more than four children were recorded as missing.

Weighting

The data contain a weight variable (PAINO). The weighted N-values match the population of Finland aged 15 and over in thousands (SVT 31.12.2024).

Citation Requirement

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Bibliographical Citation

Advisory Board for Defence Information (ABDI): Finnish Opinions on Security Policy and National Defence 2025 [dataset]. Data version 1.0 (2026-02-27). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd4066; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4066

Deposit Requirement

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Disclaimer

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Related Materials

Suomalaisten mielipiteitä ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikasta, maanpuolustuksesta ja turvallisuudesta (2025). Helsinki: Maanpuolustustiedotuksen suunnittelukunta MTS. Tiedotteita ja katsauksia 2025:1. Joulukuu 2025. https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-663-316-2

Related Publications

Finländarnas åsikter om utrikes- och säkerhetspolitiken, försvaret och säkerheten (2025). Helsingfors: Planeringskomissionen för Försvarsinformation PFI. Pressmeddelanden och översikter 2025:2. December 2025.

Finns' opinions on foreign and security policy, national defence and security (2025). Helsinki: The Advisory Board for Defence Information ABDI. Bulletins and Reports 2025:3. December 2025.

Suomalaisten mielipiteitä ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikasta, maanpuolustuksesta ja turvallisuudesta (2025). Helsinki: Maanpuolustustiedotuksen suunnittelukunta MTS. Tiedotteita ja katsauksia 2025:1. Joulukuu 2025.