Valitse muuttuja

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[q1] No party promotes issues that are important to me

[q2] In future, science and technology will be able to solve most present-day problems

[q3] The EU membership referendum left deep scars on Finns and will for a long time continue to divide the nation into two

[q4] Nowadays in Finland, men and women are equal enough

[q5] Nowadays, media concentrates only on creating images, not on delivering facts

[q6] Finland has to reduce its rapidly grown national debt, whatever cuts in benefits and welfare it may require

[q7] It is a privilege to be a Finn

[q8] Even though our trade volume with Russia is low at the moment, in future Finns will earn most of their money from the huge Russian market

[q9] Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens

[q10] Urban development has been neglected in favour of rural development

[q11] Mass unemployment will become a permanent feature of Finland and it will produce a large class of marginalised citizens in our society

[q12] In order to manage in future, Finland needs a clear long-term policy which has wide public support from different social groups

[q13] I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollution and environmental problems

[q14] If we let income disparity grow in our country, economic activity would increase drastically

[q15] If Finns had more a positive attitude to entrepreneurship, the whole society would benefit

[q16] In the next decade there will be new political parties in Finland which will have taken votes from the older parties incapable of reforming themselves

[q17] If employees could participate and influence corporate decision-making more, the whole society would benefit

[q18] If more foreigners worked in Finland, our country would benefit from the useful international influences they bring

[q19] Nowadays, trade unions are more likely to hinder than promote the development of the society

[q20] Nowadays, decision-makers get more information about public opinion through civic organizations than through political parties

[q21] Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being

[q22] I am willing to accept a lower standard of living in order to reduce unemployment

[q23] In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent

[q24] Black economy and tax evasion are alarmingly widespread in Finland and harm the whole society

[q25] Economic and industrial activities are unduly constricted on the grounds of nature conservation

[q26] EU membership totally redefines Finland's international status

[q27] Even though economic depression caused many problems and misery, it has also made Finnish society and thinking more sound

[q28] Finland suffers from a worrying trend of ownership concentration

[q29] Finns should effectively protect their unique culture from the ever increasing internationalisation

[q30] Even though the current government's policy has been harsh in many ways, it will be later recognised as inevitable

[q31] People used to be happier than they are now

[q32] By aiming at continuous economic growth mankind will slowly destroy the environment and eventually itself

[q33] Finnish media has too strong an influence on public opinion

[q34] The experiences gained from the EU referendum and Finland's presidential election show that direct democracy is not a better way of making decisions than representative democracy

[q35] Increasing immigration would lead to disadvantageous mixing of races and weaken the vitality of our nation

[q36] Economic and social inequality between population groups has increased too much during the recession

[q37] In the long run, indecent language and immoral programs in the media lead to the decay of our nation's moral fibre

[q38] Public administration must be downsized

[q39] Competitiviness of our export industry is vital to employment and through it to general welfare in Finland

[q40] The Finns are a united nation, with clear and common objectives

[q41] Even though it is true that 'Finland lives on its forests', in future we have to base our livelihood increasingly on other export products

[q42] EU referendum did not express the true will of the people, since Finland's political and economic elite used the media heavily to obtain the result they desired

[q43] Nowadays, Finnish industry and commerce act responsibly in environmental matters

[q44] Unless Finland's persistent mass unemployment is reduced rapidly, peace in our society will break and unrest will follow

[q45] Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces and selfish profit seeking

[q46] Finland should be made EU's role model in environmental protection, since the benefits would outweigh the costs in the long run

[q47] Even though internationalisation is important, it is the national spirit that will eventually dictate a nation's success

[q48] Banks have adopted a more humane and socially responsible policy as a result of the banking crisis

[q49] Most public services should be privatised in order to increase efficiency

[q50] Increasingly, I feel more and more European, in addition to being Finnish

[q51] Our present welfare system, which is based on public services, will not function in future and we must adopt a system based on private services and activity

[q52] Employment situation can not be improved without economic growth

[q53] Even though increasing trade with Russia at both private and corporate levels is economically beneficial to our country, the influence of Russia and Russians on Finland is too strong

[q54] Finnish people's wariness towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism

[q55] The right to strike belongs to the basic rights and must not be limited even in a period of depression and mass unemployment

[q56] Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values

[q57] Democracy functions so well in Finland that there is no need to talk about citizens' lack of influence

[q58] The coming years will tell whether it was an advantage or disadvantage for Finland to join the EU

[q59] The powers of Finland's president should be limited in favour of Parliament and the Government

[q60] Nowadays, market economy in Finland functions for the benefit of all citizens

[q61_1] Current welfare society: Needs thorough reformation and downsizing

[q61_2] Current welfare society: Efficient and functional when compared internationally

[q61_3] Current welfare society: Makes people passive and patronises too much, takes away citizens' initiative

[q61_4] Current welfare society: Is the reason behind the drastic increase in Finland's national debt

[q61_5] Current welfare society: Has suffered too much from downsizing and cuts in recent years

[q61_6] Current welfare society: Too extensive and expensive a system

[q61_7] Current welfare society: Guarantees social justice and equality

[q61_8] Current welfare society: Will slowly disintegrate on account of EU membership's influence

[q61_9] Current welfare society: Fundamental value, must not be weakened under any circumstances whatsoever

[q61_10] Current welfare society: Reforming it will require sacrifices from everyone

[q61_11] Current welfare society: Should operate more by means of voluntary work, non-profit-making associations and private services

[q61_12] Current welfare society: Should privatize most services

[q61_13] Current welfare society: Is the reason behind our untenably high tax rate

[q61_14] Current welfare society: Good enough to be a role model for all other countries

[q61_15] Current welfare society: Achieved by the labour movement after a long struggle

[q61_16] Current welfare society: More an ideological than an economic issue

[q61_17] Current welfare society: Controls market forces and is therefore a target of their criticism

[q61_18] Current welfare society: Commercial and industrial life's scapegoat for the depression, which was in fact caused by their own financial mismanagement

[q61_19] Current welfare society: Can be maintained, if there is will enough

[q61_20] Current welfare society: No need for downsizing, if economy growth increases

[q61_21] Current welfare society: For most people, an achieved privilege and difficult to give up

[q61_22] Current welfare society: A security net that spared our country from a catastrophe during the depression

[q62_1_1] Party most able to pilot Finland through recession: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_1_2] Party most able to pilot Finland through depression: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_1_3] Party most able to pilot Finland through depression: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_1_4] Party most able to pilot Finland through depression: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_1_5] Party most able to pilot Finland through depression: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_1_6] Party most able to pilot Finland through depression: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_2_1] Party most able to improve employment: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_2_2] Party most able to improve employment: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_2_3] Party most able to improve employment: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_2_4] Party most able to improve employment: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_2_5] Party most able to improve employment: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_2_6] Party most able to improve employment: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_3_1] Party most able to take care of environmental issues: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_3_2] Party most able to take care of environmental issues: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_3_3] Party most able to take care of environmental issues: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_3_4] Party most able to take care of environmental issues: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_3_5] Party most able to take care of environmental issues: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_3_6] Party most able to take care of environmental issues: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_4_1] Party most able to improve national economy: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_4_2] Party most able to improve national economy: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_4_3] Party most able to improve national economy: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_4_4] Party most able to improve national economy: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_4_5] Party most able to improve national economy: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_4_6] Party most able to improve national economy: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_5_1] Party most able to take care of social security issues: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_5_2] Party most able to take care of social security issues: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_5_3] Party most able to take care of social security issues: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_5_4] Party most able to take care of social security issues: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_5_5] Party most able to take care of social security issues: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_5_6] Party most able to take care of social security issues: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_6_1] Party most able to take care of taxation issues: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_6_2] Party most able to take care of taxation issues: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_6_3] Party most able to take care of taxation issues: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_6_4] Party most able to take care of taxation issues: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_6_5] Party most able to take care of taxation issues: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_6_6] Party most able to take care of taxation issues: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_7_1] Party most able to take care of educational issues: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_7_2] Party most able to take care of educational issues: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_7_3] Party most able to take care of educational issues: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_7_4] Party most able to take care of educational issues: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_7_5] Party most able to take care of educational issues: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_7_6] Party most able to take care of educational issues: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_8_1] Party most able to take care of Finland's EU relations and EU integration: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_8_2] Party most able to take care of Finland's EU relations and EU integration: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_8_3] Party most able to take care of Finland's EU relations and EU integration: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_8_4] Party most able to take care of Finland's EU relations and EU integration: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_8_5] Party most able to take care of Finland's EU relations and EU integration: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_8_6] Party most able to take care of Finland's EU relations and EU integration: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_9_1] Party most able to adjust the public sector to economic resources: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_9_2] Party most able to adjust the public sector to economic resources: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_9_3] Party most able to adjust the public sector to economic resources: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_9_4] Party most able to adjust the public sector to economic resources: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_9_5] Party most able to adjust the public sector to economic resources: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_9_6] Party most able to adjust the public sector to economic resources: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_10_1] Party most able to take care of energy production issues: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_10_2] Party most able to take care of energy production issues: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_10_3] Party most able to take care of energy production issues: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_10_4] Party most able to take care of energy production issues: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_10_5] Party most able to take care of energy production issues: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_10_6] Party most able to take care of energy production issues: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_11_1] Party most able to promote national consensus: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_11_2] Party most able to promote national consensus: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_11_3] Party most able to promote national consensus: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_11_4] Party most able to promote national consensus: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_11_5] Party most able to promote national consensus: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_11_6] Party most able to promote national consensus: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_12_1] Party most able to take care of issues concerning equality between men and women: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_12_2] Party most able to take care of issues concerning equality between men and women: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_12_3] Party most able to take care of issues concerning equality between men and women: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_12_4] Party most able to take care of issues concerning equality between men and women: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_12_5] Party most able to take care of issues concerning equality between men and women: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_12_6] Party most able to take care of issues concerning equality between men and women: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_13_1] Party most able to improve ethics of politics: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_13_2] Party most able to improve ethics of politics: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_13_3] Party most able to improve ethics of politics: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_13_4] Party most able to improve ethics of politics: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_13_5] Party most able to improve ethics of politics: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_13_6] Party most able to improve ethics of politics: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_14_1] Party most able to develop rural areas: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_14_2] Party most able to develop rural areas: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_14_3] Party most able to develop rural areas: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_14_4] Party most able to develop rural areas: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_14_5] Party most able to develop rural areas: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_14_6] Party most able to develop rural areas: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_15_1] Party most able to develop urban areas: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_15_2] Party most able to develop urban areas: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_15_3] Party most able to develop urban areas: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_15_4] Party most able to develop urban areas: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_15_5] Party most able to develop urban areas: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_15_6] Party most able to develop urban areas: Green League (Vihreät)

[q62_16_1] Party most able to reform Finnish society: Center Party of Finland (Keskusta)

[q62_16_2] Party most able to reform Finnish society: National Coalition Party (Kokoomus)

[q62_16_3] Party most able to reform Finnish society: Swedish People's Party in Finland (RKP)

[q62_16_4] Party most able to reform Finnish society: Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP)

[q62_16_5] Party most able to reform Finnish society: Left Alliance (Vasemmistoliitto)

[q62_16_6] Party most able to reform Finnish society: Green League (Vihreät)

[q63_1] Characteristic features of the Finns: Integrity

[q63_2] Characteristic features of the Finns: Diligence and enterprising nature

[q63_3] Characteristic features of the Finns: Tolerance and broadmindedness

[q63_4] Characteristic features of the Finns: Greed and selfishness

[q63_5] Characteristic features of the Finns: Strength, perseverance and guts (suomalainen sisu)

[q63_6] Characteristic features of the Finns: Obedience to the Law

[q63_7] Characteristic features of the Finns: Criminality and violence

[q63_8] Characteristic features of the Finns: Social responsibility for the weak

[q63_9] Characteristic features of the Finns: Indifference and toughness

[q63_10] Characteristic features of the Finns: Self-esteem, healthy self-respect

[q63_11] Characteristic features of the Finns: Idealism

[q63_12] Characteristic features of the Finns: Dissatisfaction and criticality

[q63_13] Characteristic features of the Finns: Zest for life, joy of living

[q63_14] Characteristic features of the Finns: Belief in a better future

[q63_15] Characteristic features of the Finns: Respect for traditional values and customs

[q63_16] Characteristic features of the Finns: Interest in other countries and cultures

[q63_17] Characteristic features of the Finns: Co-operation

[q63_18] Characteristic features of the Finns: Anxiety about the destruction of nature

[q63_19] Characteristic features of the Finns: Respect for work

[q63_20] Characteristic features of the Finns: Nationalism and patriotism

[q63_21] Characteristic features of the Finns: Trust in authority

[q63_22] Characteristic features of the Finns: Individuality

[q63_23] Characteristic features of the Finns: Consensus of opinion over national objectives

[q63_24] Characteristic features of the Finns: Spiritual wellbeing and happiness

[q63_25] Characteristic features of the Finns: Religiousness

[q63_26] Characteristic features of the Finns: Willingness to defend own country

[q63_27] Characteristic features of the Finns: Fear and antagonism towards foreigners, xenophobia

[q63_28] Characteristic features of the Finns: Sense of belonging to Western and EU Europe

[q63_29] Characteristic features of the Finns: Slavic melancholy

[q63_30] Characteristic features of the Finns: Willingness and ability to make reforms

[q63_31] characteristic features of the Finns: Sense of insecurity, concern about the future

[q64_1] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Secure lifelong jobs will gradually disappear altogether

[q64_2] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Unemployment will stay high

[q64_3] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: There will be less full-time employment and more part-time employment

[q64_4] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: An individual's personal value will not be as closely connected to having a paid job as now

[q64_5] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Status and power of trade unions will weaken

[q64_6] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Conditions of employment will be negotiated at local/company level

[q64_7] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Temporary and project-type work will become common

[q64_8] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Future jobs will require lifelong education

[q64_9] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: For an increasing number of people entrepreneurship will be an alternative for paid work

[q64_10] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: The number of people permanently outside working life will increase

[q64_11] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: People will learn to accept insecure jobs

[q64_12] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Everyone will have to learn several professions/occupations

[q64_13] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Working will become more independent, interesting and intellectually rewarding

[q64_14] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Foreign labour force will begin to take jobs from Finns

[q64_15] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: A significant number of Finns will go to work in other EU countries

[q64_16] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Unemployment benefits will be smaller and harder to get

[q64_17] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Work will be spread out among more people by shortening working hours

[q64_18] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Automation will increase drastically

[q64_19] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Proportion of women at managerial level will increase

[q64_20] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: More and more women will become housewives instead of working outside home

[q64_21] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: People will have to take whatever jobs they are offered (conditions for unemployment benefits will change accordingly)

[q64_22] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Significant number of new jobs will be created in the export industry

[q64_23] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Significant number of new jobs will be created in domestic sector

[q64_24] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Decision-making will become more democratic in workplaces

[q64_25] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Level of vocational qualifications will become higher in every sector

[q64_26] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Salaries will not be raised much

[q64_27] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Retirement criteria will become tighter

[q64_28] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Working atmosphere will become worse in workplaces

[q64_29] Likelihood of changes in working life and employment in the next few years: Signifant improvement in employment opportunities for the young

[q65_1] As an EU member Finland should: Promote relations between EU and Russia

[q65_2] As an EU member Finland should: Promote Nordic welfare system

[q65_3] As an EU member Finland should: Try to maintain EU as a loose union

[q65_4] As an EU member Finland should: Try to convert EU into a tight federation

[q65_5] As an EU member Finland should: Promote EU enlargement to new member countries/Eastern Europe

[q65_6] As an EU member Finland should: Make sure that EU directives and decisions are followed in member countries

[q65_7] As an EU member Finland should: Promote international crime prevention

[q65_8] As an EU member Finland should: Promote transparency and democracy in EU decision-making

[q65_9] As an EU member Finland should: Create tight, mandatory environmental standards which all member countries must meet

[q65_10] As an EU member Finland should: Promote the creation of common defence system for EU

[q65_11] As an EU member Finland should: Form an alliance with other Nordic countries to create a Nordic lobby within EU

[q65_12] As an EU member Finland should: Co-operate especially with Germany

[q65_13] As an EU member Finland should: Firmly safeguard/defend Finland's national interests

[q65_14] As an EU member Finland should: Develop ways to reduce unemployment

[q65_15] As an EU member Finland should: Promote the transfer to single European currency

[q65_16] As an EU member Finland should: Strenghten viability of national cultures

[q65_17] As an EU member Finland should: Promote humane values within the EU

[q65_18] As an EU member Finland should: Promote extensive regional and agricultural subsidies

[q65_19] As an EU member Finland should: Reform EU administration, diminish its bureaucracy

[bv1] Respondent's sex

[bv2] Respondent's age group

[bv3] Size of the respondent's place of residence

[bv4] Respondent's province of residence (according to the previous provincial division)

[bv5] Respondent's occupational group

[bv6] Respondent's basic education

[bv7] Respondent's vocational education

[bv8] Respondent's federation of trade unions membership

[bv9] Respondent's employment sector

[bv10] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for?

[bv11] How did respondent vote in EU membership referendum

[bv12] Respondent's social class

[bv13] Respondent's native language