Valitse muuttuja

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_pro] FSD processing level

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[nro] identification number

[q1] No party promotes issues that are important to me

[q2] In future, science and technology will be able to solve most present-day problems

[q3] Finland is going through the period of greatest change in its history

[q4] Nowadays in Finland, men and women are equal enough

[q5] Finland's political decision-makers do not really want to reduce unemployment

[q6] The low turnout in recent municipal and European parliament elections is not a sign of indifference but a definite political protest

[q7] It is a privilege to be a Finn

[q8] In order to succeed Finland must in future focus on global (worldwide) cooperation and trade, EU membership alone is not enough

[q9] Political parties are drifting further and further away from the problems of ordinary citizens

[q10] Even though Finland has gone through hard times, I am optimistic about its future

[q11] Mass unemployment will become a permanent feature of Finland and it will produce a large class of marginalised citizens in our society

[q12] Even though Finns have experienced hard times, I am optimistic about my own future

[q13] I am willing to accept a lower standard of living to reduce pollution and environmental problems

[q14] I am so attached to my own region of residence that I would not move anywhere else

[q15] If Finns had more a positive attitude to entrepreneurship, the whole society would benefit

[q16] People work so hard and under such pressure in Finnish workplaces that many will suffer early burn-out

[q17] If employees could participate and influence corporate decision-making more, the whole society would benefit

[q18] If more foreigners worked in Finland, our country would benefit from the useful international influences they bring

[q19] Nowadays, Finnish trade unions hinder rather than promote development in the society

[q20] Nowadays, decision-makers get more information about public opinion through civic organizations than through political parties

[q21] Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being

[q22] Even though computers bring a lot of changes to our lives, they are more of an advantage than a disadvantage

[q23] In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent

[q24] Black economy and tax evasion are alarmingly widespread in Finland and harm the whole society

[q25] Economic and industrial activities are unduly constricted on the grounds of nature conservation

[q26] The present world is so complicated that an ordinary citizen does not understand much of it

[q27] A serious political conflict is developing between the pro-euro southern Finland and the patriotic provincial Finland

[q28] Finland suffers from a worrying trend of ownership concentration

[q29] Finns should effectively protect their unique culture from the ever increasing internationalisation

[q30] Morality in Finnish political life is critized unnecessarily, since most of our politicians are honest and conscientious

[q31] People used to be happier than they are now

[q32] By aiming at continuous economic growth mankind will slowly destroy the environment and eventually itself

[q33] Finnish media has too strong an influence on public opinion

[q34] Finland's present political leaders are too much in the favour of euro and will therefore cause great damage to our country

[q35] Increasing immigration would lead to disadvantageous mixing of races and weaken the vitality of our nation

[q36] Unemployment could be significantly reduced by promoting labour market flexibility

[q37] We should let the younger generation take the leadership in Finnish society

[q38] I am interested in politics and follow it actively

[q39] Competitiviness of our export industry is vital to employment and through it to general welfare in Finland

[q40] Even though information technology and automation reduce jobs in the short term, in the long term they enchance employment

[q41] Even though it is true that 'Finland lives on its forests', in future we have to base our livelihood increasingly on other export products

[q42] The concentration of media ownership in Finland restricts the freedom of public debate

[q43] Nowadays, Finnish industry and commerce act responsibly in environmental matters

[q44] Reducing unemployment requires fundamental structural changes in Finnish working life and conflicts with trade unions

[q45] Finnish society has succumbed too much to market forces and selfish profit seeking

[q46] Politicians have done all they can to reduce unemployment, but is useless because in present circumstances employment cannot be improved by political decisions

[q47] I am personally interested in European culture (e.g. literature, arts, music, architecture) and it gives me great intellectual satisfaction

[q48] It is nonsense to talk about the low self-esteem of the Finns, since a Finn is able to do anything and will cope everywhere

[q49] Most of our public services should be privatized to improve efficiency

[q50] Increasingly, I feel European, in addition to being Finnish

[q51] Our present welfare system, which is based on public services, will not function in future and we must adopt a system based on private services and activity

[q52] Trade unions and other interest groups have too much influence on Finland's political decision making

[q53] Finland has to maintain the equality of income distribution also in future

[q54] Finnish people's wariness towards foreigners is wise guardedness, not ignorance or racism

[q55] The right to strike belongs to the basic rights and must not be limited even in a period of depression and mass unemployment

[q56] Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values

[q57] Democracy functions so well in Finland that there are no grounds for talking about citizens' lack of influence

[q58] The economic depression is already over in Finland

[q59] Children's spiritual well-being receives too little attention in Finland nowadays

[q60] Nowadays, market economy in Finland functions for the benefit of all citizens

[q61] Even though good social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare state is always good value for money

[q62_1] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Rural areas have been neglected in Finland

[q62_2] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: EU membership is a death blow to Finland's rural areas

[q62_3] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: EU membership will help rural areas to carry out necessary structural changes

[q62_4] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Urbanisation is a natural development which should not be obstructed

[q62_5] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Development of rural areas must be based on their own viable resources, not on state subsidies

[q62_6] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Rural areas must be kept populated regardless of cost

[q62_7] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: There is a strong conflict of interest between urban 'consumers' and rural 'producers'

[q62_8] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Urban and rural areas need each other now and in future

[q62_9] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Even though it is expensive to produce food in Finland, its high quality compensates for the high prices

[q62_10] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Nowadays, rural areas are more of a liability than an asset to Finland

[q62_11] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Agricultural surplus is better than underproduction and imported food

[q62_12] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: When Finland's EU transitional period ends, the problems of rural areas will become untenable

[q62_13] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Finnish culture and national identity are based on Finland's countryside

[q62_14] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Migration from the country to towns will increase in the next few years

[q62_15] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Rural areas offer a better living environment than towns

[q62_16] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Urban development has been neglected in favour of rural development

[q62_17] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: A clean and well maintained rural environment is important to Finland also in future

[q62_18] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Finland's countryside represents yesterday's society, which must gradually give way to new development

[q62_19] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: In future, high quality agricultural products will become our most important export products

[q62_20] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: If we let the crisis of rural areas deepen, Finland's national unity will be endangered

[q62_21] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: I would prefer to live in the country if only it were possible (there would be jobs etc.)

[q62_22] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Growing city centres promote growth, Finland should support them instead of declining areas

[q62_23] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: In future, rural areas will offer good opportunities for enterpreneurship, even though little in the way of paid employment

[q62_24] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Modern cooperatives are a good way to strenghten the viability of rural areas

[q62_25] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Rural areas would cope better, if small municipalities were to be united into larger units

[q62_26] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Even a declining village offers a better living environment than a suburb reduced to a slum

[q62_27] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: It is in the interest of all Finns to safeguard the viability of the countryside

[q62_28] Views on urban and rural areas and their future: Finland's remote rural areas should be kept populated if only on account of national defence

[q63_1] Choose five regions with the best general living conditions (taking into account pleasantness of environment, employment situation etc.) (1)

[q63_2] Choose five regions with the best general living conditions (taking into account pleasantness of environment, employment situation etc.) (2)

[q63_3] Choose five regions with the best general living conditions (taking into account pleasantness of environment, employment situation etc.) (3)

[q63_4] Choose five regions with the best general living conditions (taking into account pleasantness of environment, employment situation etc.) (4)

[q63_5] Choose five regions with the best general living conditions (taking into account pleasantness of environment, employment situation etc.) (5)

[q64_1] Views on Finnish market economy: On the whole, a well functioning system

[q64_2] Views on Finnish market economy: Not too harsh, embodies economical equality and is social enough

[q64_3] Views on Finnish market economy: Too ruthless towards weaker and 'unproductive' citizens

[q64_4] Views on Finnish market economy: Emphasizes economic values too much, overvalues money

[q64_5] Views on Finnish market economy: Regulated and supervised too much by the society

[q64_6] Views on Finnish market economy: Ruled by monopolies and cartels, too little real competition

[q64_7] Views on Finnish market economy: Has developed for the better in recent years

[q64_8] Views on Finnish market economy: Through competition, makes individuals try their best

[q64_9] Views on Finnish market economy: Public sector is too dominating compared to the private sector

[q64_10] Views on Finnish market economy: There is a strong tension between political power and market forces

[q64_11] Views on Finnish market economy: Economic system has taken over much of the power of the political system

[q64_12] Views on Finnish market economy: Market forces are the highest decision-maker, dictate what politicians must decide

[q64_13] Views on Finnish market economy: Market forces react to political decisions, do not make them

[q64_14] Views on Finnish market economy: Nowadays, enterprises are international and cannot be governed by national decision-making

[q64_15] Views on Finnish market economy: Favours big enterprises too much, especially big export companies

[q64_16] Views on Finnish market economy: Should be more closely supervised and regulated by the society

[q64_17] Views on Finnish market economy: Hostile to enterprises, kills entrepreneurial spirit

[q64_18] Views on Finnish market economy: Purely capitalistic

[q64_19] Views on Finnish market economy: Governed by trade unions and other interest groups (corporatist model)

[q64_20] Views on Finnish market economy: Offers individuals equal opportunities for social advancement

[q64_21] Views on Finnish market economy: Produces too much disparity in income and well-being

[q64_22] Views on Finnish market economy: Brought forth by Finland's EU membership and the need to prepare economically for the euro

[q64_23] Views on Finnish market economy: It is easiest to govern market forces through the EU

[q64_24] Views on Finnish market economy: In present circumstances free economy is necessary, otherwise the economy could not function properly

[q64_25] Views on Finnish market economy: Alienates citizens from basic values

[q64_26] Views on Finnish market economy: Favours the strongest, laws of the jungle prevail

[q64_27] Views on Finnish market economy: Imposes too many restrictions on private ownership and property rights

[q64_28] Views on Finnish market economy: Safeguards pluralism and freedom of choice

[q64_29] Views on Finnish market economy: Provides motivation and incentives to work

[q64_30] Views on Finnish market economy: Will dismantle the welfare state

[q64_31] Views on Finnish market economy: The system best suited to protect welfare

[q64_32] Views on Finnish market economy: High taxation has ruined the chances to develop it

[q64_33] Views on Finnish market economy: Would be more efficient, if allowed income disparity to grow

[q64_34] Views on Finnish market economy: Makes the whole society more commercial and superficial

[q64_35] Views on Finnish market economy: Must be accepted as a reality, there are no other options

[q65_1] To improve its international position Finland should: Forget the old ways of thinking and operating and embrace the new era

[q65_2] To improve its international position Finland should: Play it cool and wait to see how the international situation develops

[q65_3] To improve its international position Finland should: Abandon the traditional policy of neutrality for good

[q65_4] To improve its international position Finland should: Finland should adopt again its traditional policy of neutrality

[q65_5] To improve its international position Finland should: Act now, as Europe is reshaping itself

[q65_6] To improve its international position Finland should: Rigorously focus on promoting its own national interests in the EU

[q65_7] To improve its international position Finland should: Participate actively in the development of the EU and gain benefit that way

[q65_8] To improve its international position Finland should: Join EMU in the first wave

[q65_9] To improve its international position Finland should: Join EMU if Sweden joins

[q65_10] To improve its international position Finland should: Join EMU if most EU states join

[q65_11] To improve its international position Finland should: Promote EU's development into a federation

[q65_12] To improve its international position Finland should: Promote EU enlargement to Eastern Europe/Baltic countries

[q65_13] To improve its international position Finland should: Rather hinder than promote EU's major development projects

[q65_14] To improve its international position Finland should: Leave the EU

[q65_15] To improve its international position Finland should: Join NATO

[q65_16] To improve its international position Finland should: Join NATO if Sweden joins

[q65_17] To improve its international position Finland should: Join NATO if Sweden and Baltic counties join

[q65_18] To improve its international position Finland should: Join NATO if Russia will closely cooperate with it

[q65_19] To improve its international position Finland should: Be a member of the EU but stay outside NATO

[q65_20] To improve its international position Finland should: Cooperate with NATO without becoming a member

[q65_21] To improve its international position Finland should: Protect our national sovereignty

[q65_22] To improve its international position Finland should: Pursue a more active role in the UN

[q65_23] To improve its international position Finland should: Participate more actively in development cooperation

[q65_24] To improve its international position Finland should: In addition to EU, also orientate towards other economic areas in the world

[q65_25] To improve its international position Finland should: Increase cooperation with Russia

[q65_26] To improve its international position Finland should: Increase cooperation with Estonia and other Baltic countries

[q65_27] To improve its international position Finland should: Increase cooperation with other Nordic countries

[q65_28] To improve its international position Finland should: Increase cooperation with Germany

[q65_29] To improve its international position Finland should: Follow an independent policy without paying attention to what other countries do

[q65_30] To improve its international position Finland should: Use all available means to draw foreign capital/investment into Finland

[q65_31] To improve its international position Finland should: Try to regain the part of Carelia that now belongs to Russia

[q66_1] Significance to Finland's future success: Education

[q66_2] Significance to Finland's future success: Science and technology

[q66_3] Significance to Finland's future success: Entrepreneurship and self-employment

[q66_4] Significance to Finland's future success: Focusing on high quality

[q66_5] Significance to Finland's future success: Europeanism, EU membership

[q66_6] Significance to Finland's future success: Finnishness, national identity

[q66_7] Significance to Finland's future success: Globalism, globalization of enterprises

[q66_8] Significance to Finland's future success: Relations and trade with Russia

[q66_9] Significance to Finland's future success: Internationalism

[q66_10] Significance to Finland's future success: Promoting market economy and competition

[q66_11] Significance to Finland's future success: Traditional values and traditional culture

[q66_12] Significance to Finland's future success: Interaction and interpersonal skills

[q66_13] Significance to Finland's future success: Better working conditions and workplace relations

[q66_14] Significance to Finland's future success: Strong political leadership

[q66_15] Significance to Finland's future success: Protecting domestic production with import restrictions

[q66_16] Significance to Finland's future success: National unity

[q66_17] Significance to Finland's future success: Individualism

[q66_18] Significance to Finland's future success: Mutual solidarity, mutual responsibility and community support

[q66_19] Significance to Finland's future success: Environmentalism, sustainable development

[q66_20] Significance to Finland's future success: Finnish national character (sisu): strength, perseverance and guts

[bv1] Respondent's sex

[bv2] Respondent's age group

[bv3] Size of the respondent's municipality of residence

[bv4] Respondent's province of residence

[bv5] Respondent's dwelling area

[bv6] Respondent's occupational group

[bv7] Respondent's basic education

[bv8] Respondent's vocational education

[bv9] Respondent's federation of trade unions membership

[bv10] Respondent's employment sector

[bv11] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for?

[bv12] Respondent's social class

[bv13] Respondent's native language