Valitse muuttuja

[fsd_no] FSD study number

[fsd_vr] FSD edition number

[fsd_id] FSD case id

[q1] Finland applied for EC membership in March 1992. What is your attitude towards Finland's EC membership, supposing it would be implemented in 1995?

[q2] How firm is your view on the membership issue?

[q3] To what extent does your attitude towards EC membership depend on whether the EC grants Finland the dispensations/transition periods it has sought (relating for instance to agriculture, regional support and impartiality)?

[q4] Do you believe that Finland is able to negotiate these type of dispensations or transition periods?

[q5] How interested are you personally in Finland's EC membership and the European integration?

[q6] How well informed do you feel you are of these issues?

[q7] Do you think it is possible that the EC will not accept Finland as a member (for instance because of the weak economic condition or security policy reservations of our country)?

[q8] In your opinion, how likely is it that Finland will join the EC over the next few years?

[q9_1] What would be your opinion if the following EC integration policy applied to Finland: Common foreign policy

[q9_2] What would be your opinion if the following EC integration policy applied to Finland: Common security and defence policy

[q9_3] What would be your opinion if the following EC integration policy applied to Finland: Common economic policy

[q9_4] What would be your opinion if the following EC integration policy applied to Finland: Introduction of a single currency (ecu)

[q9_5] What would be your opinion if the following EC integration policy applied to Finland: European citizenship (supplementing national citizenship)

[q10_1] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: General living conditions in Finland

[q10_2] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Standard of living and material welfare

[q10_3] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Steady development of the national economy

[q10_4] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Employment

[q10_5] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Export and foreign trade

[q10_6] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Business conditions in general

[q10_7] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Competition in business life

[q10_8] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Interest level

[q10_9] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Level of taxation

[q10_10] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Wage level

[q10_11] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Price level in general

[q10_12] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Price of food

[q10_13] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Quality of food

[q10_14] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Arts and culture

[q10_15] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Education

[q10_16] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Science and research

[q10_17] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Social security

[q10_18] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Public health services

[q10_19] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Environmental protection

[q10_20] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Differences in the standard of living between population groups

[q10_21] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Differences in the standard of living between regions

[q10_22] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Legal protection of citizens

[q10_23] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Equality between men and women

[q10_24] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: National sovereignty

[q10_25] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Finnish security policy

[q10_26] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Finland's relationship to Russia

[q10_27] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Nordic cooperation

[q10_28] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Finland's image abroad

[q10_29] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Finland as a target for foreign investments

[q10_30] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: General spiritual and intellectual climate in Finland

[q10_31] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Public morals in general

[q10_32] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Functioning of democracy

[q10_33] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Citizens' possibilities to influence things

[q10_34] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Level of crime

[q10_35] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Level of bureaucracy

[q10_36] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Religious/spiritual life

[q10_37] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Circumstances of salaried employees

[q10_38] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Circumstances of workers

[q10_39] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Circumstances of farmers

[q10_40] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Circumstances of pensioners

[q10_41] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Circumstances of the self-employed and entrepreneurs

[q10_42] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Circumstances of children and families with children

[q10_43] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Circumstances of women

[q10_44] What kind of impact would Finland's EC membership have on: Your own circumstances and life

[q11_1] What is your attitude towards the following statements: Even though joining the EC may mean tough times for Finland, it is better to join than stay outside the Community

[q11_2] What is your attitude towards the following statements: Instead of the EC, Finland should aim at closer cooperation with Russia and other parts of the former Soviet Union

[q11_3] What is your attitude towards the following statements: Concern about agriculture should not be a decisive factor when deciding on EC membership. Finnish agriculture will be restructured even without EC membership

[q11_4] What is your attitude towards the following statements: It is not reasonable to bind Finland to the EC and at the same time turn our backs to the rest of the world, because the EC is such a small part of the world economy

[q11_5] What is your attitude towards the following statements: The importance of neutrality has changed so much that it is no longer sensible to strictly adhere to the principle

[q11_6] What is your attitude towards the following statements: The final decision on whether Finland should join the EC should be made after a consultative referendum according to the majority's opinion

[q11_7] What is your attitude towards the following statements: EC membership would break the peace of Finnish society and destroy the traditional Finnish way of life

[q11_8] What is your attitude towards the following statements: Spokesmen for EC membership are intentionally spreading false information in order to make citizens favourable to the membership

[q11_9] What is your attitude towards the following statements: Opposition to EC membership is based more on emotions than knowledge

[q11_10] What is your attitude towards the following statements: EC membership would increase the popularity of/demand for imports in Finland at the expense of domestic products

[q11_11] What is your attitude towards the following statements: EC membership will force Finns to conform to many norms and detailed regulations which we do not want or need

[q11_12] What is your attitude towards the following statements: As a result of free movement of workers, many well-educated and capable Finns would move abroad

[q11_13] What is your attitude towards the following statements: EC membership application is an insult to those who fought for and won independence for Finland

[q11_14] What is your attitude towards the following statements: EC membership would increase recycling and reuse of raw materials in Finland

[q11_15] What is your attitude towards the following statements: Efficient protection of European environment is possible only if EC member states cooperate

[q11_16] What is your attitude towards the following statements: EC membership will enable freedom of movement for students and researchers

[q11_17] What is your attitude towards the following statements: Civil servants and politicians who negotiate EC membership think only about the interests of commerce and the business community, forgetting the interests of ordinary citizens

[q11_18] What is your attitude towards the following statements: Resistance to EC membership is useless. Sooner or later Finland will join

[q11_19] What is your attitude towards the following statements: By joining the EC, Finland increases its scope for action both in the East and in the West

[q11_20] What is your attitude towards the following statements: The EC wants Finland to join because it wants to get its hands on our forests and shores

[q11_21] What is your attitude towards the following statements: The EEA (European Economic Area) agreement is sufficient, Finland needs no deeper integration

[q11_22] What is your attitude towards the following statements: The European currency crisis proves that the EC should quickly adopt a common currency

[q11_23] What is your attitude towards the following statements: EC membership fees are far too high compared to the advantages brought by the membership

[q11_24] What is your attitude towards the following statements: There is enough reliable information available to everyone about issues related to EC membership

[q11_25] What is your attitude towards the following statements: Many EC member states have as good or better social security than Finland

[q11_26] What is your attitude towards the following statements: Joining the EC as well as staying outside it will cause difficulties for Finland. Therefore, it would be best if the EC did not exist at all

[q11_27] What is your attitude towards the following statements: EC membership gives Finland more influence over European affairs than the EEA agreement

[q11_28] What is your attitude towards the following statements: The European currency crisis proves that a common EC currency is a fantasy that can never be realised

[q11_29] What is your attitude towards the following statements: The results of the Danish and French EC referendums prove that decisions on developing the EC should not be made without hearing the citizens of the member countries

[q11_30] What is your attitude towards the following statements: Staying outside the EC and thereby maintaining our sovereignty is more important than securing an advantageous position for our export

[q11_31] What is your attitude towards the following statements: The Finnish media is not objective in EC membership matters and restricts publication of anti-EC material

[q11_32] What is your attitude towards the following statements: The development of the EC will decelerate and become more difficult in the future

[q12_1] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: Finns have mostly caused it themselves

[q12_2] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It has mostly been caused by external reasons (e.g. the collapse of Eastern trade)

[q12_3] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It is an inevitable consequence of the mistakes in the 1980s economic policy

[q12_4] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It causes great suffering and anxiety

[q12_5] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It creates a strong basis for future welfare

[q12_6] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It has been caused intentionally by some bodies

[q12_7] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It is a welcome restoration of discipline for Finns who have become lazy

[q12_8] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It reveals how helpless the political and economic decision-makers are

[q12_9] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It steals the self-esteem/national self-respect of Finns

[q12_10] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It is more mental/spiritual than material in nature

[q12_11] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It is mostly just talk, its magnitude has been exaggerated

[q12_12] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It weakens citizens' trust in Finnish society

[q12_13] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It improves Finns mentally/spiritually and restores the respect for the right values

[q12_14] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It produces new perseverance and endurance in Finns

[q12_15] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It embitters permanently those who have become unemployed or run into financial difficulties

[q12_16] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It has become worse because of widespread pessimism and wallowing in misery

[q12_17] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It is an uncontrollable vicious circle which no one is able to break quickly

[q12_18] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It creates and aggravates social conflicts

[q12_19] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It would end soon if only the right people were in charge

[q12_20] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It makes ordinary citizens pay the costs of the casino economy (i.e. the overheating of Finland's economy during the 1980s/1990s)

[q12_21] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It requires that all Finns compromise their own benefits

[q12_22] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It is a necessary clean-up for restructuring our national economy

[q12_23] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It increases crime, apathy and anti-social behaviour

[q12_24] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It means a great income transfer from the less well-off to the well-off

[q12_25] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It has caused many citizens to feel economically insecure

[q12_26] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It will lead to riots, disorders and clashes before long

[q12_27] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It will last long, the rock-bottom has not yet been reached

[q12_28] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It is already losing its grip, the decisive turn for the better has already taken place

[q12_29] What is your attitude toward the following statements on the current economic recession in Finland: It will eventually raise the national spirit needed to overcome the difficulties

[q13_1] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Trade unions

[q13_2] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Parliament

[q13_3] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Government

[q13_4] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Church

[q13_5] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Municipal decision-makers

[q13_6] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Press

[q13_7] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Conservationists

[q13_8] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Banks

[q13_9] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Family

[q13_10] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Police

[q13_11] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Political parties

[q13_12] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Armed forces

[q13_13] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Large companies

[q13_14] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: So-called market forces

[q13_15] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: President

[q13_16] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Employers' organisations

[q13_17] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Civil servants

[q13_18] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Individual citizens

[q13_19] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Finnish Broadcasting Company (YLE)

[q13_20] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Media in general

[q13_21] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Universities

[q13_22] What is your opinion on the amount of influence the following bodies have: Foreign bodies (e.g. the EC)

[q14_1] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Rich people - Poor people

[q14_2] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Politicians - Citizens

[q14_3] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Employers - Employees

[q14_4] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Agricultural producers - Consumers

[q14_5] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Government - Trade unions

[q14_6] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Employed - Unemployed

[q14_7] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Socialists - Non-socialists (The left - The right)

[q14_8] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Men - Women

[q14_9] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Young people - Old people

[q14_10] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Well-educated - Poorly-educated

[q14_11] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Industry/enterprises - Nature conservation

[q14_12] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Growing city areas - Remote areas

[q14_13] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Post-war generations - Younger generations

[q14_14] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Economic growth - So-called sustainable development

[q14_15] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Retired people - Working people

[q14_16] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Pro-EC lobby - Anti-EC lobby

[q14_17] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Pro-nuclear lobby - Anti-nuclear lobby

[q14_18] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Media - Political and economical decision-makers

[q14_19] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: Native Finns - Immigrants/refugees

[q14_20] How strong would you say the degree of conflict between the following bodies is in Finland at present: National culture - International culture

[bv1] Respondent's gender

[bv2] Respondent's age group

[bv3] Size of the respondent's municipality of residence

[bv4] Respondent's province of residence

[bv5] Respondent's basic education

[bv6] Respondent's vocational education

[bv7] Respondent's economic activity/occupational group

[bv8] Respondent's industry of employment

[bv9] If the Parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for?