Aineiston nimi

YouGamble 2017: Finnish Data

Aineistonumero

FSD3399

Pysyvät tunnisteet

https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3399
https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3399

Aineiston laatu

Kvantitatiivinen aineisto

Tekijät

• Oksanen, Atte (Tampere University. Faculty of Social Sciences)
• Sirola, Anu (Tampere University. Faculty of Social Sciences)
• Kaakinen, Markus (Tampere University. Faculty of Social Sciences)

Sisällön kuvaus

This survey charted the gambling, social media usage and subjective well-being of young people aged 15-25 years in Finland. The study was conducted as part of the "Problem Gambling and Social Media: Social Psychological Study on Youth Behavior in Online Gaming Communities" research project. The aim of the project was to analyse how young social media users evaluate, adopt and share gambling-related online content and how online group processes affect their gambling and gambling-related attitudes. FSD's holdings also include two other datasets that were collected using a nearly identical questionnaire (FSD3400 and FSD3591). Data for the research project have been collected in Finland, the United States, Spain, and South Korea.

First, the respondents were asked which social media services they used (e.g. Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, discussion forums, online casinos) and how often. Topics that the respondents discussed on gambling-related social media were charted more closely, and they were asked, for example, whether the discussion usually related to instructions or tips on gambling or to problem gambling and recovering from problem gambling. Some questions on the respondents' social media activity were also presented, for instance, how often they saw gambling-related advertising online, how often they changed their most important social media passwords, and how often they uploaded pictures of themselves on social media. The respondents were asked whether they had ever been harassed online or had been the victim of a crime on the Internet in the past three years (e.g. defamation, identity theft, fraud, sexual harassment).

The respondents' identity bubbles on social media were surveyed by using the IBR scale (Identity Bubble Reinforcement Scale). The respondents were asked, for instance, whether they thought they could be themselves on social media and whether they only interacted with people similar to them on social media. Additionally, the CIUS scale (Compulsive Internet Use) was used to examine problems related to Internet use. Questions focused on, for example, whether the respondents found it difficult to stop using the Internet when they were online, whether people close to them said they should use the Internet less, and whether they felt restless, frustrated or irritated when they couldn't use the Internet.

In the next section of the questionnaire, the respondents were randomly assigned to two groups for a vignette experiment. Respondents in the test group were told they belong to Group C because they had answered the earlier questions in a similar manner to others in the group. Those in the control group were given no information on the group. The respondents were presented with different gambling-related social media scenarios, and they were asked to evaluate the contents of the gambling-related messages by "liking" or "disliking" the message or by not reacting to it at all. Each respondent was shown four different gambling messages with different contents. Three factors were manipulated in the scenarios (2x2x2 design): expressed stance of the message on gambling (positive or negative), narrative perspective of the message (experience-driven first-person narration or fact-driven third-person narration) and majority opinion of other respondents on the message (positively or negatively biased distribution of likes or dislikes). For Group C, the majority opinion was seemingly provided by other Group C members, whereas for the control group the majority opinion was seemingly provided by other respondents. Additionally, the respondents' attitudes towards the message were surveyed with statements regarding, for instance, how likely they would find the message interesting or share it on social media.

Next, the respondents' attitudes towards gambling were charted by using the ATGS scale (Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale). They were asked, for example, whether people should have the right to gamble whenever they want, whether most people who gamble do so sensibly and whether it would be better if gambling was banned altogether. The respondents' gambling habits were examined by using the SOGS scale (South Oaks Gambling Screen), and they were asked, for instance, which types of gambling they had done in the past 12 months (played slot machines, visited an online casino, bet on lotteries etc.), whether the people close to them had gambling problems, and whether they had borrowed money to gamble or to pay gambling debts. In addition, the respondents' alcohol consumption was surveyed with a few questions from the AUDITC scale (The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), and they were asked whether they had used various drugs for recreational purposes (e.g. cannabis, LSD, amphetamine, opioids).

The respondents' subjective well-being and social relationships were examined next. The respondents were asked how happy they were in general and how satisfied they were with their financial circumstances and life in general. They were also asked how well the single statement "I have high self-esteem" from the SISE scale (Single-item Self-esteem Scale) described them. The three statements on lacking companionship, feeling left out and feeling isolated from the LONE scale (Three-item Loneliness Scale) were also included in the survey. Feelings of belonging to different groups or communities (e.g. family, friends, neighbourhood, parish/religious community) were charted, and the 12-item GHQ scale (General Health Questionnaire) was used to survey the respondents' recent mental health. Questions included, for example, whether the respondents had been able to concentrate on what they were doing, had felt they couldn't overcome their difficulties, and had been losing confidence in themselves.

Finally, the respondents' sense of control over the events in their lives was examined with the MASTERY scale (Sense of Mastery Scale), with questions focusing on, for instance, whether they thought they had little control over the things that happen to them and whether they often felt helpless in dealing with the problems of life. The respondents' impulsivity was surveyed by using the EIS scale (Eysenck Impulsivity Scale) and their willingness to delay gratification was surveyed with the GRATIF scale (Delay of Gratification).

Background variables included the respondent's gender, age, country of birth (own and parents') level of education, type of municipality of residence, number of inhabitants in municipality of residence, household composition, disposable income, possible financial problems, and economic activity and occupational status.

Asiasanat

addiction; gambling; internet; internet use; social behaviour; social media; substance use; well-being (health); youth

Tieteenala/Aihealue

• Social sciences (OKM:n tieteenalaluokitus)
• Youth (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Drug abuse, alcohol and smoking (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Social behaviour and attitudes (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Information society (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• General health and well-being (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)

Sarja

YouGamble

Jakelija

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Käyttöoikeudet

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

Kerääjät

• Oksanen, Atte (Tampere University. Faculty of Social Sciences)
• Sirola, Anu (Tampere University. Faculty of Social Sciences)
• Kaakinen, Markus (Tampere University. Faculty of Social Sciences)

Rahoittajat

• Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies

Ajallinen kattavuus

2017

Aineistonkeruun ajankohta

2017-03-16 – 2017-04-12

Maa

Finland

Kohdealue

Finland

Havaintoyksikkötyyppi

Individual

Perusjoukko/otos

Finnish Internet users aged 15-25 years

Tutkimuksen aikaulottuvuus

Cross-section

Otantamenetelmä

Non-probability: Quota

The respondents were recruited via email by Survey Sampling International, based on a geographically comprehensive panel of people who had registered as willing to respond to surveys. Quotas on age groups, gender and area of residence were set before conducting the survey so that the respondents were representative of the Finnish population aged 15-25 years in 2016. The population information was based on Statistics Finland data from 2016.

Keruumenetelmä

Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI)

Field/Intervention experiment

Keruuväline tai –ohje

Structured questionnaire

Datatiedostojen kieli

Aineistopaketti voi sisältää samoja tiedostoja eri kielisinä.

Aineisto sisältää datatiedostoja seuraavilla kielillä: suomi ja englanti.

Tietoarkisto kääntää kvantitatiivisia datatiedostoja englanniksi. Lisätietoja käännöspyynnön jättämisestä.

Havaintojen ja muuttujien lukumäärä

254 muuttujaa ja 1200 havaintoa.

Datan versio

1.0

Katso myös

FSD3400 YouGamble 2017: Additional Finnish Data

FSD3591 YouGamble 2018: US Data

Aineiston käytössä huomioitavaa

To prevent identification of respondents, variable bv3 denoting the respondent's country of birth was categorised and open-ended responses to the response option "Other, please specify" in the same variable were removed from the data. Additionally, variable bv2 denoting the respondent's year of birth was removed from the data.

Painokertoimet

There are no weight variables in the data.

Viittausvaatimus

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Malliviittaus

Oksanen, Atte (Tampere University) & Sirola, Anu (Tampere University) & Kaakinen, Markus (Tampere University): YouGamble 2017: Finnish Data [dataset]. Version 1.0 (2020-07-17). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3399

Julkaisusta tiedottaminen

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Varaumat

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Julkaisut aineistosta

Kaakinen, Markus & Sirola, Anu & Savolainen, Iina & Oksanen, Atte (2019) Young People and Gambling Content in Social Media: An Experimental Insight. Drug & Alcohol Review, DOI:10.1111/dar.13010.

Oksanen, A., Sirola, A., Savolainen, I., & Kaakinen, M. (2019). Gambling patterns and associated risk and protective factors among Finnish young people. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 36(2), 161-176. DOI: 10.1177/1455072518779657.

Oksanen, A., Savolainen, I., Sirola, A., & Kaakinen, M. (2018) Problem gambling and Psychological Distress: a cross-national perspective on the mediating effect of consumer debt and debt problems among emerging adults. Harm Reduction Journal, 15(45). DOI: 10.1186/s12954-018-0251-9.

Kaakinen, M., Sirola, A., Savolainen, I. & Oksanen, A. (2020) Shared Identity and Shared Information in Social Media: Development and Validation of the Identity Bubble Reinforcement Scale. Media Psychology, 23(1), 23-51. DOI: 10.1080/15213269.2018.1544910. Journal IF 2018 [JCR]: 2.736.

Savolainen, I., Oksanen, A., Kaakinen, M., Sirola, A., Paek, H. J. (2020) The role of perceived loneliness in youth addictive behaviors: cross-national survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research Mental Health, 7(1): e14035. DOI:10.2196/14035.

Savolainen, I., Kaakinen, M., Sirola, A., & Oksanen, A. (2019). Peer Group Identification as Determinant of Youth Behavior and the Role of Perceived Social Support in Problem Gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 35(1), 15-30. DOI: 10.1007/s10899-018-9813-8. Journal IF 2018 [JCR]: 2.555.

Savolainen, I., Oksanen, A., Kaakinen, M., Sirola, A., Miller, B. L., Zych, I., & Paek, H. J. (2020). The association between social media use and hazardous alcohol consumption among youths: A four-country study. Alcohol & Alcoholism, DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz088.

Sirola, A., Kaakinen, M., Savolainen, I., & Oksanen, A. (2019). Loneliness and online gambling-community participation of young social media users. Computers in Human Behavior, 95(June), 136-145. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.023. Journal IF 2018 [JCR]: 4.306.

Savolainen, I., Kaakinen, M., Sirola, A., & Oksanen, A. (2018). Addictive behaviors and psychological distress among adolescents and emerging adults: A mediating role of peer group identification. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 7, 75-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.03.002. Citescore 2017 [Scopus]: 2.11.

Sirola, A., Kaakinen, M., & Oksanen, A. (2018) Excessive gambling and online gambling communities. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(4), 1313-1325. DOI: 10.1007/s10899-018-9772-0. Journal IF 2017 [JCR]: 2.090.

Hagfors, Heli (2019) Sosiaalisen median identiteettikuplat: miten itsetunto ja yksinäisyys ovat yhteydessä identiteettikupliin sitoutumiseen? Sosiaalipsykologian pro gradu -tutkielma, Yhteiskuntatieteiden tiedekunta, Tampereen yliopisto. URN:NBN:fi:tuni-201904171511

Jouhki, Hannu (2018) Vapaus on suuri vankila: yhteiskunnallisen kehityksen yhteys addiktiokäyttäytymiseen. Sosiaalipsykologian pro gradu -tutkielma, Yhteiskuntatieteiden tiedekunta, Tampereen yliopisto.URN:NBN:fi:uta-201811082797

Liimatainen, Lotta (2019) Sosiaalisen median rooli nuoren aikuisen mielenterveydessä. Sosiaalipsykologian pro gradu -tutkielma, Yhteiskuntatieteiden tiedekunta, Tampereen yliopisto. URN:NBN:fi:tuni-201903071331

Mikkola, Marko (2019) Suomalaisnuorten kyberrikosuhrikokemukset ja niitä selittävät tekijät. Sosiaalipsykologian pro gradu -tutkielma, Yhteiskuntatieteiden tiedekunta, Tampereen yliopisto. URN:NBN:fi:tuni-201903051305

Palasvirta, Tommi (2019) Itsetunto ja nuorten ongelmapelaaminen: Riskipreferenssi välittävänä tekijänä. Sosiaalipsykologian pro gradu -tutkielma, Yhteiskuntatieteiden tiedekunta, Tampereen yliopisto. URN:NBN:fi:tuni-201905211841

Rämö, Anette (2019) Nettihäirinnän kokemuksen yhteys elämänhallintaan. Sosiaalipsykologian pro gradu -tutkielma, Yhteiskuntatieteiden tiedekunta, Tampereen yliopisto. URN:NBN:fi:tuni-201906252232

Tarmo, Ella (2019) Yksinäisyyden yhteys koettuun yhteenkuuluvuuteen ja Internetin ongelmakäyttöön. Sosiaalipsykologian pro gradu -tutkielma, Yhteiskuntatieteiden tiedekunta, Tampereen yliopisto. URN:NBN:fi:tuni-201907182684

Kaakinen, Markus & Sirola, Anu & Savolainen, Iina & Oksanen, Atte (2020) Impulsivity, internalizing symptoms, and online group behavior as determinants of online hate. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231052. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231052

Vepsäläinen, Venla (2020) Nuorten rahapelikulutus Suomessa: Nuorten käytettävissä olevan ylimääräisen rahan ja pääasiallisen toiminnan yhteys rahapelaamiseen käytettyyn rahamäärään. Yheiskuntatutkimuksen kandidaatintutkielma, Yhteiskuntatieteiden tiedekunta, Tampereen yliopisto.

Koivisto, Mira (2021). Nuorten kokemuksia rahapelaamisen leimaavuudesta. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Yhteiskuntatutkimuksen kandidaatintutkielma.

Kaakinen, M., Koivula, A., Savolainen, I., Sirola, A., Mikkola, M., Zych, I., Paek, H.-J., & Oksanen, A. (2021). Online dating applications and risk of youth victimization: A lifestyle exposure perspective. Aggressive Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21968

Koivula, A., Oksanen, A., Kaakinen, M., Sirola, A., Savolainen, I., Paek, H.-J., & Zych, I. (2021). Life Satisfaction and Online-Gambling Communities: A Cross-National Study of Gambling Activities Among Young Finnish, American, South Korean and Spanish People. Journal of Gambling Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-021-10081-8

Mikkola, M., Oksanen, A., Kaakinen, M., Miller, B. L., Savolainen, I., Sirola, A., Zych, I., & Paek, H.-J. (2020). Situational and individual risk factors for cybercrime victimization in a cross-national context. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X20981041

Oksanen, A., Sirola, A., Savolainen, I., Koivula, A., Kaakinen, M., Vuorinen, I., Zych, I., Paek, H-J. (2021). Social Ecological Model of Problem Gambling: A Cross-National Survey Study of Young People in the United States, South Korea, Spain, and Finland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(6), 3220. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063220.

Savolainen, I. (2020). Addiction by identification: A social psychological perspective on youth addictive behaviors. Academic dissertation in social psychology. Tampere University. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-03-1718-8

Savolainen, I., Kaakinen, M., Sirola, A., Koivula, A., Hagfors, H., Zych, I., Paek, H.-J., Oksanen, A. (2020). Online Relationships and Social Media Interaction in Youth Problem Gambling: A Four-Country Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21)8133. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218133.

Savolainen, I., Kaakinen, M., Sirola, A., & Oksanen, A. (2019). Peer Group Identification as Determinant of Youth Behavior and the Role of Perceived Social Support in Problem Gambling. J Gambl Stud 35, 15-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-018-9813-8

Savolainen, I., Oksanen, A., Kaakinen, M., Sirola, A., Zych, I., & Paek, H.-J. (2021). The role of online group norms and social identity in youth problem gambling. Computers in Human Behavior, 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106828

Sirola, Anu (2021). Web of gamble: A social psychological perspective on youth gambling and virtual communities. Academic dissertation in social psychology. Tampere University. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-03-1812-3

Sirola, A. Kaakinen, M., Savolainen, I., Paek, H.-J., Zych, I., Oksanen, A. (2021). Online identities and social influence in social media gambling exposure: A four-country study on young people. Telematics & Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2021.101582

Vuorinen, I., Oksanen, A., Savolainen, I., Sirola, A., Kaakinen, M., Paek, H.-J., & Zych, I. (2021).The Mediating Role of Psychological Distress in Excessive Gambling among Young People: A Four-Country Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136973.

Zych, I., Kaakinen, M., Savolainen, I., Sirola, A., Paek, H.-J., & Oksanen, A. (2021). The role of impulsivity, social relations online and offline, and compulsive Internet use in cyberaggression: A four-country study. New Media & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211009459

Saari, Leena (2023). 15-25-vuotiaiden nuorten kokema onnellisuus, tyytyväisyys elämään, sosiaalinen tuki ja yhteenkuuluvuus koulu- tai työyhteisöön. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Kasvatustieteiden ja kulttuurin tiedekunta. Kandidaatintutkielma