Study title

Postmemory of Family Separation 2021

Dataset ID Number

FSD3807

Persistent identifiers

https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3807
https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3807

Data Type

Quantitative

Authors

• Turjanmaa, Elina (University of Oulu)

Abstract

The survey explores the mental wellbeing of descendants of Ingric people who have experienced forced emigration, ethnic persecution and family separation in Finland today. The data focuses on the descendants' family relationships and their connection to their Ingric background, as well as on wartime experiences.

First, the survey asked about the respondent's family background in Ingria, and then asked about the respondent's personal relationship to being Ingric. Next, the respondent was asked about family history and recollection of past events. Respondents were asked, for example, whether they felt that their parents or grandparents had spoken openly about matters relating to their own Ingric background or, alternatively, had avoided speaking about these matters. Respondents were also asked about forced migrations in their family and about events in the history of their Ingric relatives, for example during the war. For example, respondents were asked whether their parents or grandparents had been separated from their loved ones because of the war or unstable political circumstances. This was followed by similar questions relating to the war period for respondents' parents or grandparents who did not have an Ingria background.

The survey also asked about respondents' family relationships and communication within the family. First, respondents were asked to rate how close they felt to their parents. This was followed by statements relating to communication in both the childhood family and the current family. Next, the survey moved on to examine respondents' mental well-being. Respondents were asked questions on issues such as quality of life, life satisfaction, loneliness, trusting people and mood. Finally, respondents were asked to provide background information.

Measures used in the survey include Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure - Revised (MEIM-R), War Events Checklist, Thermometer Scale / Feeling Thermometer, Family Communication Scale (FCS), EuroHIS-8 (quality of life indicator), Mental Health Inventory MHI-5 (psychological distress), Sense of Coherence-13 SOC-13.

Background variables included the respondent's age, gender, mother tongue, country of birth, marital status, highest level of education, economic activity, religion, number of children and siblings, household's gross annual income, information on living abroad, parents' and grandparents' country of birth and parents' education.

Keywords

cultural identity; ethnic minorities; families; forced migration; generations (age); history; interpersonal relations; national background; political oppression; psychological well-being; war

Topic Classification

• Social sciences (Fields of Science Classification)
• Humanities (Fields of Science Classification)
• Migration (CESSDA Topic Classification)
• General health and well-being (CESSDA Topic Classification)
• History (CESSDA Topic Classification)
• Family life and marriage (CESSDA Topic Classification)
• Cultural and national identity (CESSDA Topic Classification)

Series

Individual datasets

Distributor

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Access

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

Data Collector

• Turjanmaa, Elina (University of Oulu)

Funders

• Academy of Finland (325243)

Time Period Covered

1917 – 2021

Collection Dates

2021-05-20 – 2021-08-15

Nation

Finland

Geographical Coverage

Finland

Analysis/Observation Unit Type

Individual

Universe

Second and third generation descendants of Ingric people aged 15 or over who had a permanent address in Finland at the time of sampling

Time Method

Cross-section

Sampling Procedure

Probability: Stratified

The information is only available in the Finnish study description

Collection Mode

Self-administered questionnaire: Paper

Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI)

Research Instrument

Structured questionnaire

Response Rate

52

Data File Language

Downloaded data package may contain different language versions of the same files.

The data files of this dataset are available in the following languages: Finnish.

FSD translates quantitative data into English on request, free of charge. More information on ordering data translation.

Data Version

1.0

Completeness of Data and Restrictions

For identification reasons, the researcher has removed all open-ended variables, including variables containing open-ended responses to the response option "Other, please specify".

To prevent identification of respondents, the year of birth variable (syntvuosi) was removed from the data and the age variable (Age) was TOP coded at FSD.

Weighting

There are no weight variables in the data.

Citation Requirement

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Bibliographical Citation

Turjanmaa, Elina (University of Oulu): Postmemory of Family Separation 2021 [dataset]. Data version 1.0 (2024-08-28). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3807; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3807

Deposit Requirement

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Disclaimer

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Related Materials

Turjanmaa, E. (2022). Pakkomuuttojen ja vainon kokemisen ylisukupolviset jäljet : inkeriläisen toisen ja kolmannen pakkomuuttosukupolven hyvinvointi Suomessa. Psykologia, 57(3), 250-283. Helsinki: Suomen psykologinen seura. https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022121571614

Related Publications

Turjanmaa, E., Kähäri, O. & Leinonen, J. (2023). Perheen erossaolon ylisukupolvinen muistaminen -kyselytutkimuksen tuloksia. Acta Univ. Oulu. F 20. ISBN 978-952-62-3644-5 (PDF). Oulu: Oulun yliopisto.

Turjanmaa, E., Kähäri, O. & Leinonen, J. (2022). Ylisukupolviset siirtymät ja vanhempien kokeman syrjinnän merkitys jälkeläisten hyvinvoinnille. Migration-Muuttoliike, 48(2), 4-7.

Turjanmaa, E. (2022). Pakkomuuttojen ja vainon kokemisen ylisukupolviset jäljet : inkeriläisen toisen ja kolmannen pakkomuuttosukupolven hyvinvointi Suomessa. Psykologia 57(3), 250-263. Helsinki: Suomen psykologinen seura. https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022121571614

Kähäri, O., Turjanmaa, E. & Leinonen, J. (2023). Vaalimista, vaikenemista ja vastustusta : inkeriläisten perhehistoriat jälkeläisten muistelemana. Oulu: Oulun yliopisto. https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:9789526237220

Turjanmaa, Elina & Finell, Eerika & Tolvanen, Asko (2025). Ethnic Identity as Social Curse: Intergenerational Transmission of Historical Trauma. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 35(3), e70094.