Aineiston nimi

Citizens' Opinion: Multiple Mandate Holding among Politicians: Survey Experiments 2022-2023

Aineistonumero

FSD4095

Pysyvät tunnisteet

https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4095
https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd4095

Aineiston laatu

Kvantitatiivinen aineisto

Tekijät

• Finnish Research Infrastructure for Public Opinion (FIRIPO)
• Malmberg, Fredrik (Åbo Akademi & Mittuniversitetet)
• Karv, Thomas (Mittuniversitetet)

Sisällön kuvaus

The data consist of two separate survey rounds that examined Finns' views on politics, political positions of trust, and trust in political institutions. The survey included questions measuring political attitudes as well as two experimental research designs. In the first experiment, respondents evaluated the composition of hypothetical local councils, while in the second they compared hypothetical candidates in parliamentary elections. The data were collected as part of the Citizens' Opinion Panel, which is part of the Finnish Research Infrastructure for Public Opinion (FIRIPO).

At the beginning of the survey, respondents were asked about their interest in politics, satisfaction with life, position on the left-right political spectrum, general trust in other people, and trust in key political institutions and actors. The institutions and actors evaluated included Parliament, political parties, the Government, politicians, and central and local government officials. Respondents were also asked about their views on how well democracy functions in Finland and in their municipality, as well as their attitudes towards politicians simultaneously holding multiple positions of trust at different levels of government.

The first experimental section of the survey was based on the evaluation of a hypothetical municipal or city council. Respondents were presented with randomly varying descriptions of the composition of a council, in which the council's political orientation on the left-right spectrum, the political experience of council members, and the proportion of council members simultaneously serving on a wellbeing services county council and/or in Parliament were varied. After reading the description, respondents rated their trust in the council, its ability to make the right decisions, and its competence in carrying out its duties. Finally, respondents were asked attention check questions concerning the composition of the presented council.

The second experimental section of the survey was based on comparisons between candidates in parliamentary elections. Respondents were presented with six comparisons between two hypothetical candidates and asked to choose which candidate they considered more suitable to serve as a Member of Parliament. The candidates were described in terms of several characteristics, including gender, political ideology, the number of mandates held by the candidate, political experience, and municipality of residence. The characteristics varied randomly across the candidate profiles. After each choice, respondents were also asked whether they could imagine voting for the candidate they had selected. The experimental design examined how different candidate characteristics affected the evaluation and selection of candidates in hypothetical parliamentary elections.

Background variables included, among others, age, age group, response language, level of education, type of neighbourhood, political party preference, left-right political self-placement, gender, and the statistical grouping of municipalities.

Asiasanat

attitudes; councillors; democracy; electoral candidates; local government; members of parliament; parliamentary elections; political attitudes; politicians; politics; values; voting; voting behaviour

Tieteenala/Aihealue

• Social sciences (OKM:n tieteenalaluokitus)
• Political behaviour and attitudes (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Government, political systems and organisations (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)

Sarja

FIRIPO Citizens' Opinion

Jakelija

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Käyttöoikeudet

The dataset is (D) available only by permission from the data depositor/creator.

Kerääjät

• Citizens' Opinion

Rahoittajat

• Academy of Finland (345714)
• The Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth Foundation (316897)

Ajallinen kattavuus

2022 – 2023

Aineistonkeruun ajankohta

2022-11-07 – 2023-11-21

Maa

Finland

Kohdealue

Finland

Havaintoyksikkötyyppi

Individual

Perusjoukko/otos

People aged 18 or over residing in Finland

Tutkimuksen aikaulottuvuus

Cross-section

Otantamenetelmä

Mixed probability and non-probability

Approximately 80% of the panel participants were recruited using various probability sampling methods. The remaining participants were recruited using non-probability sampling. The dataset consists of two separate survey waves. The fieldwork period for the first survey wave (W1) was 7-30 November 2022, and that for the second survey wave (W2) was 10 October-21 November 2023.

The experimental design of the second survey wave focused on triple-mandate holding, including seats on wellbeing services county councils. Therefore, panel participants residing in Helsinki and Åland were excluded from the survey sample, as these areas organise their own social and healthcare services outside the wellbeing services counties.

Keruumenetelmä

Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI)

Keruuväline tai –ohje

Structured questionnaire

Vastausprosentti

W1: 62.0

W2: 70.5

Datatiedostojen kieli

Aineistopaketti voi sisältää samoja tiedostoja eri kielisinä.

Aineisto sisältää datatiedostoja seuraavilla kielillä: monikielinen.

Tietoarkisto kääntää kvantitatiivisia datatiedostoja englanniksi. Lisätietoja käännöspyynnön jättämisestä.

Datan versio

1.0

Aineiston käytössä huomioitavaa

The variables w1_lib_con, w1_int_eff_1, w1_int_eff_2, w1_int_eff_3, w1_ext_eff_1, w1_ext_eff_2, w1_ext_eff_3, w1_ext_eff_4, w1_ext_eff_5, w1_partypref, w1_pop_att_1, w1_pop_att_2, w1_pop_att_3, w1_pop_att_4, w1_pop_att_5, w1_pop_att_6, w1_pop_att_7 in the dataset were collected in connection with other surveys and added to the dataset by the researchers who conducted the data collection.

Painokertoimet

The data contains a weight variable (weight), which weights the data by gender, age, and level of education.

Viittausvaatimus

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Malliviittaus

Finnish Research Infrastructure for Public Opinion (FIRIPO) & Malmberg, Fredrik (Åbo Akademi & Mittuniversitetet) & Karv, Thomas (Mittuniversitetet): Citizens' Opinion: Multiple Mandate Holding among Politicians: Survey Experiments 2022-2023 [dataset]. Data version 1.0 (2026-08-17). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd4095; URN: https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD4095

Julkaisusta tiedottaminen

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Erityisehdot

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

Varaumat

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Julkaisut aineistosta

Karv, Thomas, Fredrik G. Malmberg, and Inga Saikkonen. 2025. 'Incumbency, Localness, or Accumulation? A Conjoint Experiment on Multiple-Mandate Holding.” Representation, October, 1-20. doi:10.1080/00344893.2025.2566812

Malmberg, Fredrik, and Thomas Karv. 2024. 'Jacks of All Trades, Masters of None? Multiple-Mandate Holding and Trust in Local Government.” Local Government Studies 50 (5): 871-92. doi:10.1080/03003930.2023.2282564