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Valitse kysymys
INTERVIEWS AUSTRIA
A. INTERVIEWEE
Function and mandate?
B. INSTITUTIONS
(i) Federalism - country structured into federal government and Länder with own power
Is a federal structure - in your opinion - good for your country? Why (not)?
Do you think the Länder have genuine power and mandate?
Or do you think real power resides with the federal government?
If federal government makes decisions outside its mandate' - who can intervene and how?
If the Länder (ex. Landtag) make decisions outside their mandate' - who (citizens, federal state ) can intervene and how?
Voters elect representatives at federal level (Nationalrat) and at the regional level (Landtag). These have different mandates and representatives.
Do you think its difficult for the voters to keep track of their representatives (and mandate) at different levels / in different fora and hold them accountable?
(ii) Parliamentarism - Government dependent on parliamentary confidence and Head of State (HOS), not simultaneously Head of Government (HOG)
Your country has a President elected by the people and a Chancellor usually selected from the party with parliamentary majority. Executive power resides with these two figures.
Is this a good structure for your country, do you think? If not, why? (Has power been divided between them in a suitable way?)
Do you think the President should have more power? Why?
The Chancellor is said to be a dominant figure in Austrian society. Do you feel the Chancellor has too much power? Why?
Do you feel that parliament has good enough insight into what the Chancellor (and government) is doing?
Is the President involved in / consulted in decision making?
Are votes of no confidence common?
(iii) Party-centered electoral system - candidacies determined by party & voters not voting directly for candidate
Am I correctly informed that Austria has an electoral system with closed party lists i.e. on election day voters vote for the list put forward by a party, not individual candidates?
How do Austrians feel about not being able to cast a vote directly for a person?
If you wanted to run for the Nationalrat, who would make the decision about your candidacy?
Do you feel party officials have too much power when it comes to nominations and rankings?
Could your supporters influence your access to the list or your ranking on the list? Or is it only the party officials?
Many Austrians are members of a political party. People are said to link party membership with personal benefits (such as employment), what do you think?
Does it happen that friends of the party leadership are placed high on the list?
How? When voting you cannot refrain from voting for a corrupt individual?
(iv) Large bureaucracy - large funding envelope, power and work force
Do you think bureaucrats have more power than politicians?
Advantages/disadvantages of this in your opinion?
Do you feel that parliamentarians are able to control what the bureaucracy does?
If you as a citizen are interested in decisions made by the bureaucracy (for instance why a certain building company was awarded a contract), would you be able to get information about the tendering/contracting process?
C. CORRUPTION
Does corruption - in your opinion - exist in your country?
What kind of corruption? (Give examples) Where? Whos involved?
Is corruption a problem in your line of work?
CPI (2005): low corruption but GCB (2009): 35% of respondents say political parties are corrupt. Contradiction?
Why do you think corruption exists / doesnt exist in Austria? (causes)
INTERVIEWS BOTSWANA
A. INTERVIEWEE
Function and mandate?
B. INSTITUTIONS
(i) Unitarism
Is a unitarystructure - in your opinion - good for your country? Why (not)?
How do you see the power of the Regions and their mandate?
Where do you think real power resides?
If central government makes decisions outside its mandate' - who can intervene and how?
If the Regions (ex. Actors within councils) make decisions outside their mandate' - who (citizens, central government ) can intervene and how?
Voters elect representatives at central level (National Assembly) and at the regional level (elected councillors). These have different mandates and representatives.
Do you think its difficult for the voters to keep track of their representatives (and mandate) at different levels / in different fora and hold them accountable?
(ii) Parliamentarism and Presidentialism - Government dependent on parliamentary confidence but Head of State (HOS) also simultaneously being Head of Government (HOG)
Your country has a President elected by Parliament. How do you see this procedure, what are the advantages and disadvantages?
The President is said to be a dominant figure in Botswana society. Do you feel the Pres. has too much power? Why?
If yes, how should power be divided, who should be empowered?
Do you feel that parliament has good enough insight into the doings of the President (and government)?
What are the mechanisms through which the President is held accountable? Are this mechanisms accessible and efficient?
Are votes of no confidence common? Why / not?
(iii) Candidate-centered electoral system
Describe the electoral system
Who has the final say with regards to ballot access?
Do you feel party officials have too much power when it comes to nominations and rankings? Do they hold candidates/representatives to account?
Do voters see elections as a tool for holding representatives accountable?
Who can sanction representatives in between elections?
Many Austrians are members of a political party. People are said to link party membership with personal benefits (such as employment), what do you think?
Does it happen that friends of the party leadership are placed high on the list?
(iv) Small bureaucracy - smaller funding envelope, power and work force
Do you think bureaucrats have more power than politicians?
Advantages/disadvantages of this in your opinion?
Do you feel that parliamentarians/ministers are able to control what the bureaucracy does?
If you as a citizen are interested in decisions made by the bureaucracy (for instance why a certain building company was awarded a contract), would you be able to get information about the tendering/contracting process?
What sanctions can be applied with regards to wrong-doers?
C. CORRUPTION
Does corruption - in your opinion - exist in your country?
What kind of corruption? (Give examples) Where? Whos involved?
Is corruption a problem in your line of work?
How do you see the scores for Botswana on the CPI and the WGI?
Why do you think corruption exists / doesnt exist in Bostwana? (causes)
Is enough being done by the state? What more could be done? Is there political will?
