Aineiston nimi

Measures of Democracy 1810-2018

Aineistonumero

FSD1289

Pysyvät tunnisteet

https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1289
https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd1289

Aineiston laatu

Kvantitatiivinen aineisto

Tekijät

• Vanhanen, Tatu (University of Tampere. Department of Political Science and International Relations)

Sisällön kuvaus

The data contain three different variables, created by Tatu Vanhanen in his long-term research, for each year from 1810 to 2018. The variables in question are political competition, political participation and the index of democratization.

The competition variable portrays the electoral success of smaller parties, that is, the percentage of votes gained by the smaller parties in parliamentary and/or presidential elections. The variable is calculated by subtracting from 100 the percentage of votes won by the largest party (the party which wins most votes) in parliamentary elections or by the party of the successful candidate in presidential elections. Depending on their importance, either parliamentary or presidential elections are used in the calculation of the variable, or both elections are used, with weights. If information on the distribution of votes is not available, or if the distribution does not portray the reality accurately, the distribution of parliamentary seats is used instead. If parliament members are elected but political parties are not allowed to take part in elections, it is assumed that one party has taken all votes or seats. In countries where parties are not banned but yet only independent candidates participate in elections, it is assumed that the share of the largest party is not over 30 percent.

The political participation variable portrays the voting turnout in each election, and is calculated as the percentage of the total population who actually voted in the election. In the case of indirect elections, only votes cast in the final election are taken into account. If electors have not been elected by citizens, only the number of actual electors is taken into account, which means that the degree of participation drops to the value 0. If an election to choose electors has been held, the participation variable is calculated from the number and distribution of votes in that election. National referendums raise the variable value by five percent and state (regional) referendums by one percent for the year they are held. Referendums can add the degree of participation at maximum by 30 percent a year. The value of the combined degree of participation cannot be higher than 70 percent, even in cases where the sum of participation and referendums would be higher than 70.

The index of democratization is formed by multiplying the competition and the participation variables and then dividing the outcome by 100.

Asiasanat

democracy; democratization; political participation; political parties; politics; voting

Tieteenala/Aihealue

• Social sciences (OKM:n tieteenalaluokitus)
• International politics and organisations (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)

Sarja

Individual datasets

Jakelija

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Käyttöoikeudet

The dataset is (A) openly available for all users without registration (CC BY 4.0).

Kerääjät

• Vanhanen, Tatu (University of Tampere. Department of Political Science and International Relations)
• Lundell, Krister (Åbo Akademi University. Department of Political Science)

Ajallinen kattavuus

1810 – 2018

Aineistonkeruun ajankohta

1970 – 2019

Maa

United Arab Emirates, Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Albania, Armenia, Angola, Argentina, Austria, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Barbados, Bangladesh, Belgium, Burkina Faso, Bulgaria, Bahrain, Burundi, Benin, Brunei, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahamas, Bhutan, Botswana, Belarus, Belize, Canada, Congo (Zaire), Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville), Switzerland, Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire), Chile, Cameroon, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czechoslovakia, Cuba, Cape Verde, Cyprus, Czech Republic, German Democratic Republic GDR, Germany, West-Germany, Djibouti, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Estonia, Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, Finland, Fiji, Micronesia, France, Gabon, United Kingdom, Grenada, Georgia, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, India, Iraq, Iran, Iceland, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Japan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Kiribati, Comoros, Saint Kitts and Nevis, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Laos, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Libya, Morocco, Moldova, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Macedonia, Mali, Myanmar (Burma), Mongolia, Mauritania, Malta, Mauritius, Maldives, Malawi, Mexico, Malaysia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, The Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Oman, Panama, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Paraguay, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Seychelles, Sudan, Sweden, Singapore, Slovenia, Slovakia, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Somalia, Serbia, Suriname, Sao Tome and Principe, Russia (USSR, Soviet Union), El Salvador, Syria, Swaziland, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Tonga, Turkey, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Tanzania, Ukraine, Uganda, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Vanuatu, Yemen, Yugoslavia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, North Vietnam, North Yemen, South Vietnam, South Yemen

Kohdealue

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Myanmar (Burma), Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Zaire), Costa Rica, Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire), Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, German Democratic Republic GDR, Germany, West-Germany, Georgia, Ghana, Grenada, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Macedonia, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Russia (USSR, Soviet Union), Rwanda, Western Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Yemen, North Yemen, South Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Havaintoyksikkötyyppi

Political-administrative area (Country)

Perusjoukko/otos

All independent states, their predecessors and Taiwan (poislukien "the states with less than 40000 inhabitants; former states and principalities that no longer exist; former colonies; precolonial states and political communities of Asia and Africa")

Tutkimuksen aikaulottuvuus

Time series

Lähdeaineistot

See related material

Otantamenetelmä

Total universe/Complete enumeration

The data contains information on all states found in openly available public documents.

Keruumenetelmä

Compilation/Synthesis

Keruuväline tai –ohje

Data collection guidelines: Secondary data collection guide

Datatiedostojen kieli

Aineistopaketti voi sisältää samoja tiedostoja eri kielisinä.

Aineisto sisältää datatiedostoja seuraavilla kielillä: englanti ja suomi.

Tietoarkisto kääntää kvantitatiivisia datatiedostoja englanniksi. Lisätietoja käännöspyynnön jättämisestä.

Havaintojen ja muuttujien lukumäärä

632 muuttujaa ja 191 havaintoa.

Datan versio

8.0

Katso myös

FSD1216 Democratization and Power Resources 1850-2000

FSD2140 Gender-Weighted Index of Democratization 1995-2010

FSD2420 Index of Power Resources (IPR) 2007

FSD2588 Ethnic heterogeneity and ethnic conflicts 2003-2010

FSD2817 Ethnic Conflicts and Ethnic Nepotism 2003-2011

Painokertoimet

There are no weight variables in the data.

Viittausvaatimus

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Malliviittaus

Vanhanen, Tatu (University of Tampere): Measures of Democracy 1810-2018 [dataset]. Version 8.0 (2019-06-17). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD1289

Julkaisusta tiedottaminen

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Varaumat

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Käytön ja kuvailun oheismateriaalit

See more information in the attachments of the codebook (cbF1289e.pdf)

Julkaisut aineistosta

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Vanhanen, Tatu (2003). Democratization: A Comparative Analysis of 170 Countries. London: Routledge.

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Vanhanen, Tatu (2006). Evolutionary Roots of Global Problems. Teoksessa: Aatteet, instituutiot ja poliittinen toiminta (toim. Ruostetsaari, Ilkka), 161-176. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Studia Politica Tamperensis; 16.

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Democratization (2009). Eds. Haerpfer, Christian W. & Bernhagen, Patrick & Inglehart, Ronald F. & Welzel, Christian. New York: Oxford University Press.

Vanhanen, Tatu (2007). Human Diversity Reflected in Levels of Purchasing Power Parity, Democratization and the Human Condition. Mankind Quarterly 48(2), 141-155.

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