Aineiston nimi

Index of Power Resources (IPR) 2007

Aineistonumero

FSD2420

Pysyvät tunnisteet

https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2420
https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd2420

Aineiston laatu

Kvantitatiivinen aineisto

Tekijät

• Vanhanen, Tatu

Sisällön kuvaus

This survey continues the original dataset "FSD1216 Democratization and Power Resources 1850-2000" collected by professor Tatu Vanhanen, which was a result of long-term research on democratization and power resources. The updated data have been collected from several written sources and published also in Vanhanen's book "The Limits of Democratization". The original sources of the numerical data published in the book have been collected to a separate document, the link to which can be found below in the section Other material: Original sources.

Eight variables are used to measure country-specific resource distribution: 1) Tertiary Enrollment Ratio (%); 2) Adult Literacy Rate (%); 3) Index of Intellectual Power Resources, IR; 4) Family Farms, FF (%); 5) Agricultural Population, AP (%); 6) Estimated Degree of Decentralization of Economic Power Resources, DD; 7) Index of Economic Power Resources, ER; and 8) Index of Power Resources, IPR. The variables have been updated from the previous dataset, and the calculation methods have been specified in some cases, or even reconstructed in a totally new way in some cases.

Tertiary Enrollment Ratio (%) is based on the percentage of students enrolled in universities and institutes of higher learning within the relevant age group. Adult Literacy Rate (%) is calculated as a percentage of adult population. Index of Intellectual Power Resources, IR is the mean of these two variables.

Family Farms, FF (%) means the percentage of total cultivated area or of total area of holdings. The proportion of agricultural population between 2000 and 2005 is coded in variable Agricultural Population, AP (%). Estimated Degree of Decentralization of Economic Power Resources, DD is calculated by adding the percentage of the population living under the poverty line with the richest 10 percent of the population, and then calculating the proportion of their income or expenditure compared to the whole population minus 10 percentage units, and then subtracting the sum from 100. In some cases, the calculated percentage has been increased or decreased for reasons given in detail in Vanhanen Vanhanen's book "The Limits of Democratization". Index of Economic Power Resources, ER is calculated by the formula ER = (FF * AP) + (DD * NAP), where NAP = 100-AP. The last variable, Index of Power Resources, IPR is calculated by dividing the product of Index of Intellectual Power Resources, IR and Index of Economic Power Resources, ER by 100.

Asiasanat

agricultural society; authority; democracy; democratization; economic and social development; education; literacy; political power; politics; resources; rural population; social progress

Tieteenala/Aihealue

• Social sciences (OKM:n tieteenalaluokitus)
• International politics and organisations (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Economic conditions and indicators (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)

Sarja

Individual datasets

Jakelija

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Käyttöoikeudet

The dataset is (A) openly available for all users without registration (CC BY 4.0).

Kerääjät

• Vanhanen, Tatu

Ajallinen kattavuus

1980 – 2006

Aineistonkeruun ajankohta

2007

Maa

United Arab Emirates, Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Angola, Argentina, Austria, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Barbados, Bangladesh, Belgium, Burkina Faso, Bulgaria, Bahrain, Burundi, Benin, Brunei, Bolivia, Brazil, Bahamas, Bhutan, Botswana, Belarus, Belize, Canada, Congo (Zaire), Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville), Switzerland, Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire), Chile, Cameroon, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cape Verde, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Djibouti, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Estonia, Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, Finland, Fiji, France, Gabon, The United Kingdom, Georgia, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, Hungary, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, India, Iraq, Iran, Iceland, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Japan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Comoros, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Laos, Lebanon, Sri Lanka, Liberia, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Libya, Morocco, Moldova, Montenegro, Madagascar, Macedonia, Mali, Myanmar (Burma), Mongolia, Mauritania, Malta, Mauritius, Maldives, Malawi, Mexico, Malaysia, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, The Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Oman, Panama, Peru, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Paraguay, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Sudan, Sweden, Singapore, Slovenia, Slovakia, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Somalia, Serbia, Suriname, El Salvador, Syria, Swaziland, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tajikistan, East Timor (Timor-Leste), Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Tanzania, Ukraine, Uganda, The United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Kohdealue

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Hertzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Myanmar (Burma), Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cap Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Zaire), Congo (Brazzaville), Costa Rica, Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire), Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, East Timor (Timor-Leste), Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Montenegro, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, The United Kingdom, The United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Havaintoyksikkötyyppi

Political-administrative area (Country)

Perusjoukko/otos

All independent states and Taiwan (poislukien States whose population was less than 200,000 in 2000)

Tutkimuksen aikaulottuvuus

Cross-section

Lähdeaineistot

Vanhanen, Tatu (2009). The Limits of Democratization: Climate, Intelligence, and Resource Distribution. Augusta, GA: Washington Summit Publishers.

Otantamenetelmä

Total universe/Complete enumeration

Keruumenetelmä

Compilation/Synthesis

Keruuväline tai –ohje

Data collection guidelines: Secondary data collection guide

Datatiedostojen kieli

Aineistopaketti voi sisältää samoja tiedostoja eri kielisinä.

Aineisto sisältää datatiedostoja seuraavilla kielillä: englanti ja suomi.

Tietoarkisto kääntää kvantitatiivisia datatiedostoja englanniksi. Lisätietoja käännöspyynnön jättämisestä.

Havaintojen ja muuttujien lukumäärä

13 muuttujaa ja 172 havaintoa.

Datan versio

1.0

Katso myös

FSD1216 Democratization and Power Resources 1850-2000

FSD1289 Measures of Democracy 1810-2018

FSD2140 Gender-Weighted Index of Democratization 1995-2010

FSD2588 Ethnic heterogeneity and ethnic conflicts 2003-2010

FSD2817 Ethnic Conflicts and Ethnic Nepotism 2003-2011

Painokertoimet

There are no weight variables in the data.

Viittausvaatimus

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Malliviittaus

Vanhanen, Tatu: Index of Power Resources (IPR) 2007 [dataset]. Version 1.0 (2009-05-14). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD2420

Julkaisusta tiedottaminen

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Varaumat

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Käytön ja kuvailun oheismateriaalit

Vanhanen, Tatu (2009). The Limits of Democratization: Climate, Intelligence, and Resource Distribution. Augusta, GA: Washington Summit Publishers.

Julkaisut aineistosta

Vanhanen, Tatu (2009). The Limits of Democratization: Climate, Intelligence, and Resource Distribution. Augusta, GA: Washington Summit Publishers.

Vanhanen, Tatu (2011). Globaalit haasteet. Demokratia, etninen väkivalta ja eriarvoisuus. Esitelmä Tilastoseuran Globaalit muutokset ja tilastotiede -iltapäiväseminaarissa 4.3.2010. Teoksessa: Suomen Tilastoseuran vuosikirja 2010, 104-115. Helsinki: Suomen Tilastoseura.

Theuerkauf, Ulrike (2013). Presidentialism and the Risk of Ethnic Violence. A Reply to Reilly, Sisk, Basedau and McGarry. Ethnopolitics 12(1): 98-103.

Theuerkauf, Ulrike (2013). Ethno-Embedded Institutionalism. The Impact of Institutional Repertoires on Ethnic Violence. London: London School of Economics and Political Science. PhD thesis.

Vanhanen, Tatu (2013). Miksi Kiina lähtee lentoon ja Kongo ei? Yhteiskuntien älykkyyserot ja niiden huomiointi kehityksessä. Helsinki: East-West Books.

Horn, Florian (2014). Externe Faktoren der Demokratisierung im Arabischen Frühling. Seminar Paper for Fern Universität Hagen.

Kurkova, Tereza (2015). Vliv nerostneho bohatstvi na uroven demokracie v Latinske Americe. Univerzita Hradec Kralove. Filozoficka fakulta. Katedra politologie. Diplomova prace

Merkel, Wolfgang & Weiffen, Brigitte (2012). Does Heterogeneity Hinder Democracy? Comparative Sociology 11 (3), pp. 387-421.

Raymond, Christopher D. (2015). In defiance of Duverger: The class cleavage and the emergence of district-level multiparty systems in western Europe. Research & Politics, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168014567557

Raymond, Christopher (2016). Explaining the multiparty systems of Western Europe prior to the adoption of proportional representation. Comparative European Politics, 14(3), pp. 253-272. https://doi.org/10.1057/cep.2014.27

Kestilä-Kekkonen, Elina & Vento, Isak (2019). Poliittinen luottamus. Käsitteet, teoriat ja mittaaminen. Teoksessa: Poliittinen ja sosiaalinen luottamus. Polut, trendit ja kuilut (toim. Bäck, Maria & Kestilä-Kekkonen, Elina), 18-34. Helsinki: Valtiovarainministeriö. Valtiovarainministeriön julkaisuja 2019:31. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-367-012-9

Albertus, M. (2015). Autocracy and redistribution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316227107

Albertus, M. (2017). Landowners and democracy: The social origins of democracy reconsidered. World Politics 69(2), 233-276. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887116000277

Albertus, M., Fenner, S., & Slater, D. (2018). Coercive Distribution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108644334

Ansell, B., & Samuels, D. (2018). Why Inequality Does Not Undermine Democracy [online]. https://wealthpol.web.ox.ac.uk/article/why-inequality-does-not-undermine-democracy [cited 17.7.2020].

Eder, A. (2016). Income Inequality as a Result of Ethnic Heterogeneity and Ethno-class Exploitation. Macro-level Quantitative and Qualitative Analyses. In Ethnic Stratification and Economic Inequality around the World, 107-146. London: Routledge.

Figueredo, A. J., de Baca, T. C., Fernandes, H. B. F., Black, C. J., Peñaherrera, M., Hertler, S., García, R. A., Meisenberg, G. & Woodley, M. A. (2017). A sequential canonical cascade model of social biogeography: Plants, parasites, and people. Evolutionary Psychological Science 3(1), 40-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-016-0073-5

Woodley of Menie, M. A., Fernandes, H. B., José Figueredo, A., & Meisenberg, G. (2015). By their words ye shall know them: Evidence of genetic selection against general intelligence and concurrent environmental enrichment in vocabulary usage since the mid 19th century. Frontiers in psychology 6:361. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00361

Van Gunten, T., & Kohl, S. (2019). The inversion of the "really big trade-off": homeownership and pensions in long-run perspective. West European Politics 43(2), 435-463. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2019.1609285