Aineiston nimi

Children's views on prestige and dominance in Colombia, Finland and the United States 2021-2022

Aineistonumero

FSD3852

Pysyvät tunnisteet

https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3852
https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3852

Aineiston laatu

Kvantitatiivinen aineisto

Tekijät

• Sequeira, Maija-Eliina (University of Helsinki)
• Afshordi, Narges (Harvard University)
• Kajanus, Anni (University of Helsinki)

Sisällön kuvaus

The study examines children's attitudes towards dominance and prestige in Colombia, Finland and the United States. The study sought to determine 1) whether children recognize and distinguish between dominance and prestige, 2) whether children prefer to learn from a dominant or prestigious character, 3) whether children assign leadership to a dominant or prestigious character, and 4) whether children self-identify more with a dominant or subordinate character. The study also examined differences in perceptions between countries. The study was conducted in an experimental setting, where children were shown videos and pictures and asked a question related to each video and picture.

Initially, the child was shown two videos, both of which were played twice. The first video showed the interaction between the dominant character and the subordinate main character, Dimo. The second video showed the interaction between the prestigious character and Tima. In both scenes, Dimo adapts to the character in question by drawing in the same colour as him or by using the same animal in the picture. The difference between the scenes is that in the case of the dominant character, Dimo was forced to do so, but in the case of the prestigious character, Dimo copied the character voluntarily. After each video, the child was asked which character they thought was older. Children answered the questions by pointing to one of the characters on the screen. The child was also asked which one Dimo likes to sit next to, which one he/she likes more and which one he/she is more afraid of. In the next section, the child was shown a picture with an prestigious character, a dominant character and a new type of object. The child was told how each character calls the object, and then the child had to name the object himself. This task was repeated three times with three different sets of new objects and names.

In the next section, the child was shown a picture of these characters with different hats on their heads. The child then had to point out which hat Dimo would wear. Next, a situation was described where there is only one candy left between the characters and Dimo cannot decide who should get it. The child was asked which of the characters should decide. The child was also asked which of the characters would be better at solving the conflict of watching the video. The child was also asked which character he or she liked better. The child was then asked which of the characters likes bears and oranges and which one lives in a house with a grey door. Finally, the child was shown a picture of two new characters, one dominant and one subordinate. The child had to point out which one of the characters he or she would be.

In dominant scenes, for example, an aggressive tone of voice and forcing an opinion were used, while in authoritative scenes, a friendly tone of voice and sharing an opinion only when asked were used. The first set of questions (identification and discrimination) and the last set of questions (self-recognition) are drawn from previous studies. The second set of questions (learning and leadership) was developed for this study.

Background variables included the respondent's gender and age and the country in which the experiment was taken.

Asiasanat

authority; children; cognitive processes; prestige; reasoning; social behaviour; social influence; social interaction; tests

Tieteenala/Aihealue

• Social sciences (OKM:n tieteenalaluokitus)
• Children (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)
• Social behaviour and attitudes (CESSDAn aihepiiriluokitus)

Sarja

Individual datasets

Jakelija

Finnish Social Science Data Archive

Käyttöoikeudet

The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.

Kerääjät

• Sequeira, Maija-Eliina (University of Helsinki)

Rahoittajat

• University of Helsinki
• Harvard University
• Sylff Association

Ajallinen kattavuus

2021 – 2022

Aineistonkeruun ajankohta

• 2022-03 – 2022-04
• 2021-12 – 2022-03
• 2021-10 – 2022-10

Maa

Finland, Colombia, United States of America

Kohdealue

Finland, Colombia, Santa Marta, United States of America

Havaintoyksikkötyyppi

Individual

Perusjoukko/otos

Children aged 4-11 in Finland, Colombia and the USA

Tutkimuksen aikaulottuvuus

Cross-section

Otantamenetelmä

Non-probability: Purposive

Non-probability: Availability

In Colombia, children were recruited at a public school in the city of Santa Marta in March-April 2022. The experiment took place at the school and in total 160 children participated. In Finland, children were recruited at the Heureka the Finnish Science Centre and the Luomus Natural History Museum from December 2021 to March 2022, with a total of 172 children taking part in the experiments at the museums. In the US, children were recruited from the Harvard Laboratory for Developmental Studies database. The database contained families interested in participating in child development research. A total of 164 children participated in the study and were tested online via the Zoom video meeting platform from October 2021 to October 2022. The English-language video scripts and test questions were translated into Finnish and Spanish.

The aim was to have 20 participants of all ages between 4 and 11 years. The researcher also aimed for a balanced gender distribution at each age.

Keruumenetelmä

Web-based experiment

Keruuväline tai –ohje

Technical instrument(s)

Participant tasks

Structured questionnaire

Datatiedostojen kieli

Aineistopaketti voi sisältää samoja tiedostoja eri kielisinä.

Aineisto sisältää datatiedostoja seuraavilla kielillä: englanti.

Tietoarkisto kääntää kvantitatiivisia datatiedostoja englanniksi. Lisätietoja käännöspyynnön jättämisestä.

Havaintojen ja muuttujien lukumäärä

23 muuttujaa ja 496 havaintoa.

Datan versio

1.0

Aineiston käytössä huomioitavaa

The Order variable has been deleted in the archiving process due to incomplete documentation. The variable also had no effect on the data. The archived material does not include the videos used in the experiment.

Painokertoimet

There are no weight variables in the data.

Viittausvaatimus

The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication.

Malliviittaus

Sequeira, Maija-Eliina (University of Helsinki) & Afshordi, Narges (Harvard University) & Kajanus, Anni (University of Helsinki): Children's views on prestige and dominance in Colombia, Finland and the United States 2021-2022 [dataset]. Version 1.0 (2024-10-24). Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor]. https://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3852

Julkaisusta tiedottaminen

Notify FSD of all publications where you have used the data by sending the citation information to user-services.fsd@tuni.fi.

Varaumat

The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data.

Muu materiaali

Katso ladattavat tiedostot sivun ylälaidasta.

More information on the experimental setup

Video transcripts and a detailed description of the cues of dominance and prestige for the first set of questions (recognizing and distinguishing)

More information on the experimental setup

The test behind the last question

Käytön ja kuvailun oheismateriaalit

Sequeira, Maija-Eliina, Afshordi, Narges, and Kajanus, Anni (2024). Prestige and dominance in egalitarian and hierarchical societies: Children in Finland favor prestige more than children in Colombia or the USA. Evolution and Human Behavior, 45(4).

Julkaisut aineistosta

Sequeira, Maija-Eliina, Afshordi, Narges, and Kajanus, Anni (2024). Prestige and dominance in egalitarian and hierarchical societies: Children in Finland favor prestige more than children in Colombia or the USA. Evolution and Human Behavior, 45(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.05.005

Sequeira, Maija-Eliina (2024). Becoming an adequate child : Learning to relate to others in cultural context. Doctoral dissertation. Dissertationes Universitatis Helsingiensis 261/2024. Helsinki: University of Helsinki. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-84-0305-0